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吕梁地区在华北克拉通前寒武纪研究中具有重要位置，出露大量的古元古代变质表壳岩和花岗质岩石，对研究华北克拉通古元古代地质演化历史具有重要意义。本次研究选择吕梁地区白家滩花岗片麻岩进行锆石和独居石U-Pb年代学以及锆石Hf同位素研究，2个花岗片麻岩的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2182±16Ma和2185±24Ma，代表了其侵位时代。独居石U-Pb年龄分别为1898±7Ma和1899±14Ma，明显比锆石增生边的谐和207Pb/206Pb年龄（2180~2032Ma）年轻，说明独居石对后期变质作用的响应程度比锆石强，其U-Pb年龄更能反映白家滩花岗片麻岩经历了~1900Ma的退变质作用，与华北克拉通中部造山带的变质作用时间一致。花岗片麻岩的锆石Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄（tDM）为2473~2598Ma，两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄（tDMC）分别为2646~2839Ma，εHf（t）值分布于-1.3~+1.8之间，未显示同期幔源物质的加入，而是新太古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物，结合已有的古元古代中期（2.2~2.1Ga）的岩浆岩锆石Hf同位素数据，华北克拉通新太古代地壳在2.2~2.1Ga期间发生了广泛的重熔作用，这期岩浆活动在华北克拉通吕梁、中条、五台以及胶-辽-吉等地区广泛发育，可能形成于陆内裂谷环境。 相似文献
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华北克拉通东部鲁西早白垩纪基性岩墙成因:来自锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(~0.7098),负的εNd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、εHf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(tDM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
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华北克拉通中北部变质基底发育大规模的前寒武纪基性岩墙群,由于基性岩墙同位素定年技术存在问题,因此一直未获得岩墙群的确切年龄数据。本文利用单颗粒锆石U-Pb化学法,首次获得恒山地区北西向基性岩墙群的U-Pb年龄为1769.1±2.5Ma,并证明它代表基性岩墙群的侵位年龄,这一年龄数据也是华北克拉通大规模分布的未变质基性岩墙群已知的最古老年龄。综合分析同期岩浆活动的同位素年龄记录,本文提出中元古代早期华北的岩浆侵位发生于伸展构造背景下。 相似文献
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华北克拉通中部是古元古代岩墙群最为发育的地区.以镁铁质成分为主的岩墙群可以分为变质的和不变质的两类.不变质岩墙群是在1780～1760 Ma之间大约20 Ma时间内形成的,是华北克拉通古元古代最晚期镁铁质岩浆活动的产物.不变质岩墙又可以细分成高Mg-Ti低P、低Mg高Ti-P和高Mg低Ti-P等3组.本文报道了采自丰镇附近高Mg低Ti-P岩墙样品的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成分析结果.新获得的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为1769±4 Ma,与其它不变质岩墙的锆石、斜锆石U-Pb年龄和^40Ar/^39Ar年龄的范围相同.高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的锆石εHf（t）值的变化范围在-6.4～＋0.4之间,平均值为-2.2,略高于时代相近的花岗质岩石.由于镁铁质岩浆在上升、侵位和结晶过程中几乎没有受到地壳物质混染,因而锆石εHf（t）值可以代表镁铁质岩浆的富集的岩石圈地幔源区的特征.文献资料显示,高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的岩石圈地幔源区的87Sr/86Sr初始比值为0.7040～0.7050,平均值为0.7046,εNd（t）值为-5.6～-2.8,平均值为-4.4. 相似文献
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班公湖-怒江缝合带古地磁研究对约束印度与亚洲大陆碰撞所导致亚洲大陆内部构造缩短量具有重要意义。本文对班公湖-怒江缝合带东段晚白垩世红层开展了详细的古地磁学研究。本研究共获得了30个采点共约298块/个定向古地磁样品。通过系统热退磁分析，共获得25个采点的有效特征剩磁方向。这些特征剩磁结果同时通过了褶皱检验和倒转检验，表明岩石可能记录了原生剩磁方向。25个采点的特征剩磁方向平均值为Ds=355.7°、Is=28.5°、κs=41.6、α95=4.5°，相应的古地磁极位置为72.8°N、288.0°E、dp/dm=2.7°/4.9°。等温剩磁磁化率各向异性分析显示所获得的古地磁方向不存在明显的磁倾角浅化现象。本次研究结果限定了班公湖-怒江缝合带东段晚白垩世的古纬度为15.2±3.7°N（参考点：31.9°N/93.8°E）。通过对比拉萨、羌塘地块古地磁数据和亚洲大陆古地磁参考极表明：（1）晚白垩世以来班公湖-怒江缝合带与拉萨地块南缘之间并不存在明显的构造缩短；（2）晚白垩世以来班公湖-怒江缝合带（94°E经度方向上）与亚洲大陆刚性块体之间发生了约1150±330km的南北向构造缩短。 相似文献
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华北克拉通中部古元古代高Mg低Ti-P镁铁质岩墙的富集地幔源区——锆石Hf同位素的制约 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
华北克拉通中部是古元古代岩墙群最为发育的地区。以镁铁质成分为主的岩墙群可以分为变质的和不变质的两类。不变质岩墙群是在1780～1760Ma之间大约20Ma时间内形成的,是华北克拉通古元古代最晚期铗铁质岩浆活动的产物。不变质岩墙又可以细分成高Mg-Ti低P、低Mg高Ti-P和高Mg低Ti-P等3组。本文报道了采自丰镇附近高Mg低Ti-P岩墙样品的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成分析结果。新获得的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为1769±4Ma,与其它不变质岩墙的锆石、斜锆石U-Pb年龄和~(40)At/~(39)Ar年龄的范围相同。高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值的变化范围在-6.4～ 0.4之间,平均值为-2.2,略高于时代相近的花岗质岩石。由于镁铁质岩浆在上升、侵位和结晶过程中几乎没有受到地壳物质混染,因而锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值可以代表镁铁质岩浆的富集的岩石圈地幔源区的特征。文献资料显示,高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的岩石圈地幔源区的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值为0.7040～0.7050,平均值为0.7046,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-5.6～-2.8,平均值为-4.4。 相似文献
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本研究共涉及来自太行山和郯庐断裂岩浆带的12组基性岩墙群，岩墙群具体出露于河北省、山西省、山东省和安徽省。研究中给出了新的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素基性岩墙测试数据。基性岩墙形成于128.1±1.2Ma与115.0±0.8Ma之间，且具有典型的辉绿结构。另外，基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素（LREE）、个别大离子亲石元素（如，Rb、Ba、Sr）、Pb和Th，亏损Nb、Ta和Ti，具有高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值（0.7056~0.7105），负的εNd（t）（-15.5~-12.4）、相对一致的初始Pb同位素比值（206Pb/204Pb=16.45~16.49、207Pb/204Pb=15.44~15.51、208Pb/204Pb=36.49~36.53）及较大的Nd模式年龄（tDM2Nd=1.82~2.69Ga）。研究结果表明，基性岩墙来自石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区（类似EM1）一定程度的（1.0%~5.0%）部分熔融，岩浆侵位前经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石和角闪石的分离结晶作用，同时受到少量地壳混染的影响。目前，关于华北克拉通破坏和中生代岩浆作用的成因已有较多可能模式，本研究基性岩墙成因的新模式：古太平洋板块与华北克拉通的持续碰撞，导致华北克拉通岩石圈（地幔和地壳）加厚，并发生可能的榴辉岩化，并在一定时间发生拆沉作用。在新模式的制约下，导致了研究区中生代基性岩墙的产生和侵位。 相似文献
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华北克拉通中元古代裂解事件:以渣尔泰-白云鄂博-化德裂谷带岩浆与沉积作用研究为例 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
华北克拉通存在三个主要的中元古代裂谷带,从南到北分别为熊耳裂谷带、燕辽裂谷带以及渣尔泰-白云鄂博-化德裂谷带。其中熊耳群中火山岩的峰期年龄为1780~1750Ma,其上还有形成于被动大陆边缘的五佛山群、汝阳群以及官道口群。中北部的燕辽裂谷带包括长城系、蓟县系和青白口系,其中长城系团山子组和大红峪组火山岩的年龄分别为~1640Ma和1626~1622Ma,蓟县系高于庄组、雾迷山组和铁岭组凝灰岩的年龄分别为1560Ma、1485Ma和1437Ma,而下马岭组凝灰岩年龄为1366~1380Ma。北缘渣尔泰-白云鄂博-化德裂谷带中渣尔泰群书记沟组玄武岩年龄为1743Ma,阿古鲁沟组酸性火山岩年龄为~810Ma,白云鄂博群尖山组中基性火山岩年龄为1728Ma,化德群比鲁特组火山碎屑岩年龄为1515Ma。中元古代岩浆事件除了裂谷带中的火山作用外,还包括三期基性岩墙群(~1780Ma太行-吕梁岩墙群、~1730Ma密云岩墙群和~1620Ma泰山岩墙群)以及1.76Ga到1.65Ga非造山岩浆组合(斜长岩-环斑花岗岩体-A型花岗岩)。中元古代中期,华北克拉通北缘发育了基性岩席(墙)、A型花岗岩以及碳酸岩脉,双峰式岩浆作用说明华北北缘在中元古代中期经历了裂谷作用,与哥伦比亚超大陆的最终裂解有关,并且与白云鄂博巨型REE-Nb-Fe矿床的形成具有成因上的联系。华北克拉通北部两个裂谷带中的地层具有可以对比的层序以及时代,而中元古代中期辉绿岩墙、A型花岗岩以及碳酸岩脉可以与其它克拉通同时期的非造山岩浆作用对比,证明华北克拉通经历了哥伦比亚超大陆的最终裂解。古地磁数据已经证明在哥伦比亚超大陆时期Siberia、Laurentia、Baltica、Amazion以及华北克拉通是连接在一起的,而北缘中元古代中期大陆裂谷相关岩浆岩的发现也说明它是与另一个古大陆相连的。华北克拉通南缘熊耳火山岩的构造背景到底是大陆裂谷还是大陆边缘弧则关系着其是与另一个克拉通相连还是面向大海,这需要我们进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献