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1.
High-grade fault-hosted manganese deposits at the Woodie Woodie Mine, East Pilbara, are predominantly hydrothermal in origin with a late supergene overprint. The dominant manganese minerals are pyrolusite, braunite, and cryptomelane. The ore bodies are located on, or near the unconformities between the Neoarchean Carawine Dolomite and the Paleoproterozoic Pinjian Chert breccia (weathering product of Carawine Dolomite), and sedimentary units of the overlying ca 1300–1100 Ma Manganese Group. Stratabound manganese is typically located above or adjacent to steep fault-hosted manganese. The ore bodies range in size from 0.2 to 5.5 Mt with an average of 0.5 Mt. Historically, over 35 Mt of manganese has been mined at Woodie Woodie, and current ore resources are 29.94 Mt at 39.94% Mn, 6.96% Fe (resource and reserves statement, June 2011, Consolidated Minerals Pty Ltd).Manganese mineralization at Woodie Woodie is related to northwest–southeast directed extension and basin formation during the Mesoproterozoic. Basin architecture is generally well preserved and major manganese occurrences are localised along growth faults which down-throw the Pinjian Chert Breccia into local extensional basins. Manganese ore bodies are typically located on steep 2nd and 3rd order structures that extend off the major growth faults. Mineralized structures display a dominant northeast-trend reflecting the direction of maximum dilation during northwest–southeast extension.A paragenetic sequence is identified for the manganese ore at Woodie Woodie, with early hydrothermal braunite–pyrolusite–cryptomelane–todorokite–hausmannite, overprinted by late supergene oxides. Preliminary fluid inclusion studies in quartz crystals intergrown with pyrolusite and cryptomelane indicate that primary and pseudosecondary inclusions display a range of salinities from 1 to 18 eq. wt.% NaCl and trapping temperatures estimated to be from 220º to 290º at 1 kbar pressure.A lead–manganese oxide (coronadite) is common in manganese ores at Woodie Woodie, and Pb-isotope studies of 40 lead-rich ore samples from 16 pits indicate mineralization occurred within an age range of 955–1100 Ma. A mixed source is suggested for the lead, but was predominantly basalts and/or volcanogenic sedimentary units (e.g., Jeerinah Formation) of the ca 2700 Ma Fortescue Group. The typically high Mn:Fe ratios and enrichment in elements such as Pb, As, Cu, Mo, Zn are consistent with a dominantly hydrothermal origin for the manganese at Woodie Woodie. Supergene manganese is distinguished from hypogene manganese by a marked enrichment in REE in the supergene manganese.An early structural framework, established during Neoarchean rifting, provides a major structural control on manganese ore distribution. The Woodie Woodie mine corridor is located in a zone of oblique strike-slip extension on major northwest-trending transform faults and north-trending oblique normal faults. A major transform structure at the southern end of the Woodie Woodie mine corridor (Jewel-Southwest Fault Zone) likely acted as a major fluid conduit for manganese-bearing hydrothermal fluids and this would account for the concentration of significant manganese ore occurrences to the north and south of this structure.  相似文献   

2.
Manganese mineralisation in the Oakover Basin is associated with Mesoproterozoic extension, basin formation and deposition of the Manganese Group. The underlying basement architecture of the Oakover Basin (a local half-graben geometry), inherited from the Neoarchean rifting event, plays an important role on the distribution, style and timing of manganese deposits. Fault-hosted manganese deposits are dominant along the ‘active’ faulted eastern margin, whereas flat-lying sedimentary deposits are dominant along the western ‘passive’ margin reflecting differences in ore-forming processes. The large number of significant manganese deposits in the Oakover Basin, previously thought to reflect a spatial association with Carawine Dolomite, more likely reflects the restricted nature of the Mesoproterozoic basin and development of a large reservoir of Mn2+ and Fe2+ in an anoxic zone of a stratified basin. Low O2 conditions in the basin were caused by a paleotopographic high forming a barrier to open ocean circulation. The western margin sedimentary deposits formed later than the fault-hosted hydrothermal deposits along the eastern margin, once a significant reservoir of Mn2+ and Fe2+ had developed, and when there was sufficient subsidence to allow migration of the redox front onto the shallow shelf, with Mn precipitation on and within the seafloor sediments. The sedimentary manganese deposits are not uniformly distributed along the western edge of the basin; instead they are concentrated into discrete areas (e.g. Mt Cooke–Utah–Mt Rove, Bee Hill, Skull Springs and the Ripon Hills districts), suggesting a degree of structural control on their distribution. Fault-hosted manganese is observed beneath and adjacent to many of the sedimentary deposits. Marked geochemical differences are observed between the Woodie Woodie hydrothermal deposits and the sedimentary deposits. Woodie Woodie deposits display higher Ba, U, Mo, As, Sn, Bi, Pb, S and Cu than the sedimentary deposits, reflecting the composition of the hydrothermal fluids. The Al2O3 values of the Ripon Hills and Mt Cooke deposits are much higher than the Woodie Woodie deposits, reflecting the composition of the dominant host rock, as Al2O3 is typically <5 wt% in the Carawine Dolomite, but is >10 wt% in basal shale units of the Manganese Group. Highly variable Mn:Fe ratios (?5:1) in the hydrothermal manganese at Woodie Woodie reflects rapid deposition of Mn in and around fault zones. In contrast, slower accumulation of Mn oxides on and within the seafloor to form the large sedimentary deposits results in Mn:Fe ratios closer to 1:1 and elevated Co + Ni and REE values.  相似文献   

3.
The Tabletop Domain of the Rudall Province has been long thought an exotic entity to the West Australian Craton. Recent re-evaluation of this interpretation suggests otherwise, but is founded on limited data. This study presents the first comprehensive, integrated U–Pb geochronology and Hf-isotope analysis of igneous and metasedimentary rocks from the Tabletop Domain of the eastern Rudall Province. Field observations, geochronology and isotope results confirm an endemic relationship between the Tabletop Domain and the West Australian Craton (WAC), and show that the Tabletop Domain underwent a similar Archean–Paleoproterozoic history to the western Rudall Province. The central Tabletop Domain comprises Archean–Paleoproterozoic gneissic rocks with three main age components. Paleo–Neoarchean (ca 3400–2800 Ma) detritus is observed in metasedimentary rocks and was likely sourced from the East Pilbara Craton. Protoliths to mafic gneiss and metasedimentary rocks are interpreted to have been emplaced and deposited during the early Paleoproterozoic (ca 2400–2300 Ma), and exhibit age and isotopic affinities to the Capricorn Orogen basement (Glenburgh Terrane). Mid–late Paleoproterozoic mafic and felsic magmatism (ca 1880–1750 Ma) is assigned to the Kalkan Supersuite, which is exposed in the western Rudall Province. The Kalkan Supersuite provided the main source of detritus for mid–late Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the Tabletop Domain. Similarities in the age and Hf-isotope compositions of detrital zircon from these metasedimentary rocks and Capricorn Orogeny basin sediments suggests that a regionally extensive, linked basin system may have spanned the northern WAC at this time. The Tabletop Domain records evidence for two metamorphic events. Mid–late Paleoproterozoic deformation (ca 1770–1750 Ma) was high-grade, regional and involved the development of gneissic fabrics. In contrast, early Mesoproterozoic (ca 1580 Ma) high-grade deformation was localised and associated with more widespread, late-stage, greenschist facies alteration. These new findings highlight that the Tabletop Domain experienced a much higher grade of deformation than previously assumed, with a Paleoproterozoic metamorphic history similar to that of the western Rudall Province.  相似文献   

4.
Gold deposits in the Agnew district display markedly different structural styles. The Waroonga and Songvang deposits are hosted in layer-parallel extensional shears formed under highly ductile conditions. In contrast, the New Holland–Genesis deposits are shallow-dipping quartz-filled brittle fractures and breccia zones that cut across the tightly folded bedding and formed during east–west compression. It is difficult to attribute their formation to a single compressive event. The Waroonga and Songvang deposits formed during D1 extension, uplift and exhumation of the Agnew granitic complex and formation of the Scotty Creek Basin at ca 2670–2660?Ma. The New Holland–Genesis deposits formed during east–west D3 compression at about ca 2650–2630?Ma. An S1 foliation wraps around the Agnew granitic complex and L1 stretching lineations form a radial pattern around the granite, consistent with formation during D1 uplift of the composite granite body. Uplift and erosion of granite bodies in the surrounding area provide a source for the granite clasts in the upper parts of the Scotty Creek Basin. As clasts in the basin are undeformed, no significant deformation occurred prior to the uplift and erosion of the source granites in this area. Syn-tectonic emplacement of the Lawlers Tonalite during formation of the Scotty Creek Basin at ca 2665?Ma may have provided a good heat/fluid source for the mineralising systems during the first gold event. The distribution of the large deposits along the western edge of the Agnew granitic complex indicates that the extensional shear along the granite contact is a first-order control on gold deposition by providing a conduit for rising hydrothermal fluids. The northerly trend of high-grade shoots in the Waroonga deposit coincides with early north-trending growth faults, which are also likely fluid conduits.  相似文献   

5.
The Palaeoproterozoic Yerrida, Bryah and Padbury Basins record periods of sedimentation and magmatism along the northern margin of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton. Each basin is characterised by distinct stratigraphy, igneous activity, structural and metamorphic history and mineral deposit types. The oldest of these basins, the Yerrida Basin (ca 2200 Ma) is floored by rocks of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton. Important features of this basin are the presence of evaporites and continental flood basalts. The ca 2000 Ma Bryah Basin developed on the northern margin of the Yilgarn Craton during backarc sea‐floor spreading and rifting, the result of which was the emplacement of voluminous mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks. During the waning stages of the Bryah Basin this mafic to ultramafic volcanism gave way to deposition of clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks. At a later stage, the Padbury Basin developed as a retroarc foreland basin on top of the Bryah Basin in a fold‐and‐thrust belt. This resulted from either the collision of the Pilbara and Yilgarn Cratons (Capricorn Orogeny) or the ca 2000 Ma westward collision of the southern part of the Gascoyne Complex and the Yilgarn Craton (Glenburgh Orogeny). During the Capricorn Orogeny the Bryah Group was thrust to the southeast, over the Yerrida Group. Important mineral deposits are contained in the Yerrida, Bryah and Padbury Basins. In the Yerrida Basin a large Pb–carbonate deposit (Magellan) and black shale‐hosted gossans containing anomalous abundances of Ba, Cu, Zn and Pd are present. The Pb–carbonate deposit is hosted by the upper units of the Juderina Formation, and the lower unit of the unconformably overlying Earaheedy Group. The Bryah and Padbury Basins contain orogenic gold, copper‐gold volcanogenic massive sulfides, manganese and iron ore. The origin of the gold mineralisation is probably related to tectonothermal activity during the Capricorn Orogeny at ca 1800 Ma.  相似文献   

6.
Field observations integrated with new petrographic and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb age data for detrital zircons from the Paleoproterozoic Speewah Group of northern Western Australia provide evidence of depositional conditions, source of detritus, timing and evolution of the sedimentary rocks in the Speewah Basin. The Speewah Group is a 1.5 km-thick succession of poorly outcropping, predominantly siliciclastic rocks that preserve a fluviatile to marine, transgressive and regressive event. The Speewah Group unconformably overlies crystalline rocks of the Lamboo Province that were stabilised by the 1870–1850 Ma Hooper Orogeny, then accreted as the Kimberley region onto the North Australian Craton during the 1835–1810 Ma Halls Creek Orogeny. Unconformably overlying the Speewah Group is about 4 km of predominantly siliciclastic marine sedimentary rocks of the Kimberley Group in the Kimberley Basin. This study has detected a detrital zircon component within the Speewah Basin at 1814 ± 10 Ma, with a youngest zircon at 1803 ± 12 Ma (1σ) in fluviatile sandstones located beneath a volcaniclastic rock with magmatic zircons that have been dated at ca 1835 Ma. Previous studies proposed that the Speewah Basin developed as a retro-arc foreland basin during accretion of the North Australian Craton. We interpret the ca 1835 Ma zircons in the volcaniclastic rocks to be xenocrystic in origin. This new 20 million years younger maximum depositional age indicates that the Speewah Group in the Speewah Basin, similarly to the overlying Kimberley Group in the Kimberley Basin, developed in a post-orogenic setting on the North Australian Craton rather than in a syn-orogenic setting associated with the 1835–1810 Ma Halls Creek Orogeny.  相似文献   

7.
Provenance data from Paleoproterozoic and possible Archean sedimentary units in the central eastern Gawler Craton in southern Australia form part of a growing dataset suggesting that the Gawler Craton shares important basin formation and tectonic time lines with the adjacent Curnamona Province and the Isan Inlier in northern Australia. U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Eba Formation, previously mapped as the Paleoproterozoic Tarcoola Formation, yields exclusively Archean ages (ca 3300–2530 Ma), which are consistent with evolved whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic data. The absence of Paleoproterozoic detrital grains in a number of sequences (including the Eba Formation), despite the proximity of voluminous Paleoproterozoic rock units, suggests that the Eba Formation may be part of a Neoarchean or early Paleoproterozoic cover sequence derived from erosion of a multi-aged Archean source region. The ca 1715 Ma Labyrinth Formation, unconformably overlying the Eba Formation, shares similar depositional timing with other basin systems in the Gawler Craton and the adjacent Curnamona Province. Detrital zircon ages in the Labyrinth Formation range from Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic, and are consistent with derivation from >1715 Ma components of the Gawler Craton. Zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic data also suggest a source region with a mixed crustal evolution (εNd –6 to –4.5), consistent with what is known about the Gawler Craton. Compared with the lower Willyama Supergroup in the adjacent Curnamona Province, the Labyrinth Formation has a source more obviously reconcilable with the Gawler Craton. Stratigraphically overlying the Eba and Labyrinth Formations is the 1656 Ma Tarcoola Formation. Zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic data indicate that the Tarcoola Formation was sourced from comparatively juvenile rocks (εNd –4.1 to + 0.5). The timing of Tarcoola Formation deposition is similar to the juvenile upper Willyama Supergroup, further strengthening the stratigraphic links between the Gawler and Curnamona domains. Additionally, the Tarcoola Formation is similar in age to extensive units in the Mt Isa and Georgetown regions in northern Australia, also shown to be isotopically juvenile. These juvenile sedimentary rocks contrast with the evolved underlying sequences and hint at the existence of a large-scale ca 1650 Ma juvenile basin system in eastern Proterozoic Australia.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

The turbidite-filled, Lower Devonian Cobar Basin is characterised through a detrital zircon study. Uranium–Pb age data for six samples were combined with published data to show the basin has a unique age spectrum characterised by a subordinate Middle Ordovician (ca 470?Ma) peak superimposed on a dominant ca 500?Ma peak. Maximum depositional ages for 3 samples were ca 425?Ma, close to the published Lower Devonian (Lochkovian 419–411?Ma) biostratigraphic ages. A minor ca 1000?Ma zircon population was also identified. The major source of the 500?Ma zircons was probably the local Ordovician metasedimentary basement, which was folded, thickened and presumably exposed during the ca 440?Ma Benambran Orogeny. The ca 470?Ma age peak reflects derivation from Middle Ordovician (Phase 2) rocks of the Macquarie Arc to the east. The I-type Florida Volcanics, located ～50?km eastward from the Cobar Basin, contains distinctive Middle and Late Ordovician zircon populations, considered to be derived from deeply underthrust Macquarie Arc crust. Protracted silicic magmatism occurred before, during and after Cobar Basin deposition, indicating that the basin formed by subduction-related processes in a back-arc setting, rather than as a continental rift.  相似文献   

9.
LA-ICPMS U–Pb data from metamorphic monazite in upper amphibolite and granulite-grade metasedimentary rocks indicate that the Nawa Domain of the northern Gawler Craton in southern Australia underwent multiple high-grade metamorphic events in the Late Paleoproterozoic and Early Mesoproterozoic. Five of the six samples investigated here record metamorphic monazite growth during the period 1730–1690 Ma, coincident with the Kimban Orogeny, which shaped the crustal architecture of the southeastern Gawler Craton. Combined with existing detrital zircon U–Pb data, the metamorphic monazite ages constrain deposition of the northern Gawler metasedimentary protoliths to the interval ca 1750–1720 Ma. The new age data highlight the craton-wide nature of the 1730–1690 Ma Kimban Orogeny in the Gawler Craton. In the Mabel Creek Ridge region of the Nawa Domain, rocks metamorphosed during the Kimban Orogeny were reworked during the Kararan Orogeny (1570–1555 Ma). The obtained Kararan Orogeny monazite ages are within uncertainty of ca 1590–1575 Ma zircon U–Pb metamorphic ages from the Mt Woods Domain in the central-eastern Gawler Craton, which indicate that high-grade metamorphism and associated deformation were coeval with the craton-scale Hiltaba magmatic event. The timing of this deformation, and the implied compressional vector, is similar to the latter stages of the Olarian Orogeny in the adjacent Curnamona Province and appears to be part of a westward migration in the timing of deformation and metamorphism in the southern Australian Proterozoic over the interval 1600–1545 Ma. This pattern of westward-shifting tectonism is defined by the Olarian Orogeny (1600–1585 Ma, Curnamona Province), Mt Woods deformation (1590–1575 Ma), Mabel Creek Ridge deformation (1570–1555 Ma, Kararan Orogeny) and Fowler Domain deformation (1555–1545 Ma, Kararan Orogeny). This westward migration of deformation suggests the existence of a large evolving tectonic system that encompassed the emplacement of the voluminous Hiltaba Suite and associated volcanic and mineral systems.  相似文献   

10.
The use of in situ geochronological techniques allows for direct age constraints to be placed on fabric development and the metamorphic evolution of polydeformed and reworked terranes. The Shoal Point region of the southern Gawler Craton consists of a series of reworked granulite facies metapelitic and metaigneous units which belong to the Late Archean Sleaford Complex. Structural evidence indicates three phases of fabric development with D1 retained within boudins, D2 consisting of a series of upright open to isoclinal folds producing an axial planar fabric and D3 composed of a highly planar vertical high‐strain fabric which overprints the D2 fabric. Th–U–total Pb EPMA monazite and garnet Sm–Nd geochronology constrain the D1 event to the c. 2450 Ma Sleaford Orogeny, whereas the D2 and D3 events are constrained to the 1730–1690 Ma Kimban Orogeny. P–T pseudosections constrain the metamorphic conditions for the Sleafordian Orogeny to between 4.5 and 6 kbar and between 750 and 780 °C. Subsequent Kimban‐aged reworking reached peak metamorphic conditions of 8–9 kbar at 820–850 °C during the D2 event, followed by high‐temperature decompression to metamorphic conditions <6 kbar and 790–850 °C associated with the development of the D3 high‐strain fabric. The P–T–t evolution of the Shoal Point rocks reflects the transpressional exhumation of lower crustal rocks during the Kimban Orogeny and the development of a regional ‘flower structure’.  相似文献   

11.
South Percy Island is located approximately 50 km off the central Queensland coast and comprises a disrupted ophiolite mass alongside a diverse array of metamorphosed felsic and mafic rocks that record several episodes of magmatism, volcanism and deformation from the Permian to Early Cretaceous. This paper aims to constrain the age, affinity and deformation history of these units, as well as to establish the tectonic significance of the terrane. The trace-element compositions of mafic and felsic meta-igneous rocks record a change from MORB-like prior to ca 277 Ma to subduction-related by ca 258 Ma. Overprinting relationships between intrusive phases and deformation features reveal a relative chronology for the tectonothermal evolution of the area, while U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology provides absolute age constraints. Deformation is localised around a NNE-striking tectonic contact that separates serpentinised ultramafic rocks from metamorphosed pillow lavas. Early formed ductile fabrics associated with the main episode of deformation (D1) preserve bulk flattening strains at greenschist-facies conditions. Emplacement and post-kinematic cooling ages of a pre-D1 quartz-monzonite dyke constrain the age of D1/M1 deformation and metamorphism to the period between ca 258 and ca 248 Ma. Minor brittle deformation (D2) occurred at ca 230 Ma, based on U–Pb dating of a syn-D2 diorite dyke (ca 231 ± 10 Ma) and several ca 230 Ma 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages. The deformation, metamorphism, and supra-subduction zone magmatism preserved on South Percy Island is correlated with the nearby Marlborough Terrane and more broadly with the second pulse of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny, which affected much of the central and northern parts of eastern Australia in the late Permian and Early Triassic. Our results support previous suggestions that the second pulse of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny involved coeval thrust systems in both the inboard and outboard parts of the orogen.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Combined in situ monazite dating, mineral equilibria modelling and zircon U–Pb detrital zircon analysis provide insight into the pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) evolution of the western Gawler Craton. In the Nawa Domain, pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses were deposited after ca 1760?Ma and record high-grade metamorphic conditions of ～7.5?kbar and 850?°C at ca 1730?Ma. Post-peak microstructures, including partial plagioclase coronae and late biotite around garnet, and subtle retrograde garnet compositional zoning, suggest that these rocks cooled along a shallow down-pressure trajectory across an elevated dry solidus. In the northwest Fowler Domain (Colona Block), monazite grains from pelitic gneisses record two stages of growth/recrystallisation interpreted to represent discrete parts of the P–T path: (1) ca 1710?Ma monazite growth during prograde to peak conditions, and (2) ca 1690?Ma Y-enriched monazite growth/recrystallisation during partial garnet breakdown and cooling towards the solidus. Relict prograde growth zoning in garnet suggests rocks underwent a steep up-P path to peak conditions of ～8?kbar at 800?°C. The new P–T–t results suggest basement rocks of the southwestern Nawa and northwestern Fowler were buried to depths of 20–25?km during the Kimban Orogeny, ca 10 Myrs after the sedimentary precursors were deposited. The P–T path for the Kimban Orogeny is broadly anti-clockwise, suggesting that at least the early phase of this event was associated with extension. Exhumation of rocks from both the southwestern Nawa and northwestern Fowler domains may have occurred during the waning stages of the Kimban Orogeny (<ca 1690?Ma). The limited low-grade overprint in these rocks may be explained by a mid-to-upper crustal position for these rocks during the subsequent Kararan Orogeny. Aluminous quartz-feldspathic gneiss of the Nundroo Block in the eastern Fowler Domain records peak conditions of ～7?kbar at 800?°C. Monazite grains from the Nundroo Block are dominated by an age peak at ca 1590?Ma, although the presence of some older ages up to ca 1690?Ma, possibly reflect partial resetting of older monazite domains. The P–T–t conditions suggest these rocks were buried to 20–25?km at ca 1590?Ma during the Kararan Orogeny. This high-grade metamorphism in the Nundroo Block is a mid-crustal expression of the same thermal anomaly that caused magmatism in the central-eastern Gawler Craton. Juxtaposition of rocks affected by the Kimban and Kararan orogenic events in the western Gawler Craton was controlled by lithospheric-scale shear zones, some of which have facilitated ～20 kilometres of exhumation.  相似文献   

13.
Magmatism,metamorphism and metasomatism in the Palaeoproterozoic‐Mesoproterozoic Mt Painter Inlier and overlying Neoproterozoic Adelaidean rocks in the northern Flinders Ranges (South Australia) have previously been interpreted as resulting from the ca 500 Ma Delamerian Orogeny. New Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd and U–Pb data, as well as structural analysis,indicate that the area also experienced a second thermal event in the Late Ordovician (ca 440 Ma). The Delamerian Orogeny resulted in large‐scale folding, prograde metamorphism and minor magmatic activity in the form of a small volume of pegmatites and leucogranites. The Late Ordovician event produced larger volumes of granite (the British Empire Granite in the core of the inlier) and these show Nd isotopic evidence for a mantle component. The high‐temperature stage of this magmatic‐hydrothermal event also gave rise to unusual diopside‐titanite veins and the primary uranium mineralisation in the basement, of which the remobilisation was younger than 3.5 Ma. It is possible that parts of the Mt Gee quartz‐hematite epithermal system developed during the waning stages of the Late Ordovician event. We suggest that the Ordovician hydrothermal system was also the cause of the commonly observed retrogression of Delamerian metamorphic minerals (cordierite, andalusite) and the widespread development of actinolite, scapolite, tremolite and magnetite in the cover sequences. Deformation during the Late Ordovician was brittle. The recognition of the Late Ordovician magmatic‐hydrothermal event in the Mt Painter Province might help to link the tectonic evolution of central Australia and the southeast Australian Lachlan Fold Belt.  相似文献   

14.
In the north-western Gawler Craton of South Australia, the Karari Shear Zone defines a boundary between late-Archean to earliest Paleoproterozoic rocks, which have remained largely undisturbed since the earliest Paleoproterozoic, and younger Paleoproterozoic rocks that have been reworked through multiple late Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic metamorphic and deformation events. The history of movement across the Karari Shear Zone has been investigated via new U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, in combination with pre-existing geochronological and metamorphic constraints, as well as the structural geometry revealed by a recently acquired reflection seismic transect. The available data suggest a complex history of shear-zone movement in at least four stages, with contrasting sense of motion at different times. The first period of movement across the Karari Shear Zone is inferred to have been a period of extension at ca 1750–1720 Ma. This was likely closely followed by reactivation during the Kimban Orogeny between ca 1720 and 1680 Ma, although the sense of movement during this period is unclear. Further reactivation, in a thrust sense, occurred between ca 1580 and 1560 Ma, resulting in significant exhumation of marginal domains of the Gawler Craton to the north of the Karari Shear Zone. A final episode of largely strike-slip shear-zone movement occurred at ca 1450 Ma.  相似文献   

15.
The Olympic Cu–Au Province, Gawler Craton, is host to the Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. Both of these deposits and the region between the two are covered by Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic sediment, making inferences about prospectivity in this portion of the Olympic Domain reliant on geophysical interpretation and sparse drill hole information. We present new U–Pb zircon sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dates from two basement intersecting drill holes in the region between Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill that show bimodal volcanism occurred at 2555 ± 5 Ma, and was followed by intrusion of tonalite at 2529 ± 6 Ma. Laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite and muscovite from the tonalite yields ages around ca 2000 Ma, consistent with slow cooling trends observed in Archean rocks elsewhere in the northern Gawler Craton. Step heating experiments on K-feldspar from the same tonalite yields an age spectrum with older ages around 1740 Ma from the highest temperature steps becoming progressively younger to a minimum of 1565 Ma in the lowest temperature heating steps; this is consistent with either Paleoproterozic cooling to final closure of K-feldspar by 1565 Ma or a reheating event at ca 1565 Ma, with the latter more likely, given the evidence for sub-solidus alteration of the K-feldspar. Sericite within hematite–sericite–chlorite altered portions of the tonalite yield a poorly defined age of ca 1.6 Ga. Taken together the 40Ar/39Ar data providing evidence for a fluid event affecting this region between Olympic Dam and Prominent Hill during the early Mesoproterozoic. Low temperature quartz–carbonate–adularia veins occur in <10 cm wide fractures within basalt in one drill hole in this region. Adularia from these veins yields 40Ar/39Ar ages that span from ca 1.3–1.1 Ga. This age range is interpreted to approximate either the timing of adularia formation during a hydrothermal event or the timing of resetting of the 40Ar/39Ar systematics within the adularia as a result of fluid flow in this sample. This is evidence for a mid-Mesoproterozoic fluid event in the Gawler Craton and necessitates a reconsideration of the long-term stability of the craton, as it appears to have been affected, at least locally, by fluid flow related to a much larger event within the Australian continent, the Musgrave Orogeny.  相似文献   

16.
Prolonged deformation for ca 150 Ma along the Eastern Fold Belt, Mount Isa Inlier, differentially partitioned into three distinct Mesoproterozoic tectonic domains. NW–SE-trending structures dominate the northern domain, whereas E–W- and N–S-trending structures dominate the central and southern domains, respectively.

Changing the direction of bulk horizontal shortening from NE–SW to N–S to E–W shifted the locus of maximum tectono-metamorphic effect. This accounts for the different generations of structures preserved in these three domains. Overprinting relationships and geochronological data reveal a component of deformation partitioning in time as well as space.

Rheological contrasts in the Soldiers Cap Group between a thick interlayered pelitic, psammitic and volcanic units on the one hand, and ca 1686 Ma, competent mafic intrusives and genetically related metasomatic albitite bodies present in its lower part, on the other, enhanced strain localisation during the long-lived Isan Orogeny (ca 1670–1500 Ma).  相似文献   

17.
Deep seismic reflection profiling confirms that the Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Mount Isa mineral province comprises three vertically stacked and partially inverted sedimentary basins preserving a record of intracontinental rifting followed by passive margin formation. Passive margin conditions were established no later than 1655 Ma before being interrupted by plate convergence, crustal shortening and basin-wide inversion at 1640 Ma in both the 1730–1640 Ma Calvert and 1790–1740 Ma Leichhardt superbasins. Crustal extension and thinning resumed after 1640 Ma with formation of the 1635–1575 Ma Isa Superbasin and continued up to ca. 1615 Ma when extensional faulting ceased and a further episode of basin inversion commenced. The 1575 Ma Century Pb–Zn ore-body is hosted by syn-inversion sediments deposited during the initial stages of the Isan Orogeny with basin inversion accommodated on east- or northeast-dipping reactivated intrabasinal extensional faults and footwall shortcut thrusts. These structures extend to considerable depths and served as fluid conduits during basin inversion, tapping thick syn-rift sequences of immature siliciclastic sediments floored by bimodal volcanic sequences from which the bulk of metals and mineralising fluids are thought to have been sourced. Basin inversion and fluid expulsion at this stage were entirely submarine consistent with a syn-sedimentary to early diagenetic origin for Pb–Zn mineralisation at, or close to, the seafloor. Farther east, a change from platform carbonates to deeper water continental slope deposits (Kuridala and Soldiers Cap groups) marks the position of the original shelf break along which the north–south-striking Selwyn-Mount Dore structural corridor developed. This corridor served as a locus for strain partitioning, fluid flow and iron oxide–copper–gold mineralisation during and subsequent to the onset of basin inversion and peak metamorphism in the Isan Orogeny at 1585 Ma. An episode of post-orogenic strike-slip faulting and hydrothermal alteration associated with the subvertical Cloncurry Fault Zone overprints west- to southwest-dipping shear zones that extend beneath the Cannington Pb–Zn deposit and are antithetic to inverted extensional faults farther west in the same sub-basin. Successive episodes of basin inversion and mineralisation were driven by changes in the external stress field and related plate tectonic environment as evidenced by a corresponding match to bends in the polar wander path for northern Australia. An analogous passive margin setting has been described for Pb–Zn mineralisation in the Paleozoic Selwyn Basin of western Canada.  相似文献   

18.
Field relationships and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology from the Yundurbungu Hills (Aileron Province, central Australia) reveal a record of 1808–1770 Ma bimodal magmatism, sedimentation, high-temperature deformation and metamorphism. Specifically, the data presented here provide the first unequivocal evidence for ca 1774 Ma high-temperature deformation and metamorphism during the 1790–1770 Ma Yambah Event in the southern part of the North Australian Craton. Granitic lithologies were synkinematically emplaced between 1808 and 1770 Ma, with early phases recording D1 deformation and the youngest phase postdating D1 deformation. The protolith to a D1 deformed metasedimentary unit was deposited between 1792 and 1774 Ma, followed by the intrusion and deformation of a composite mafic–felsic magmatic association at ca 1774 Ma. An S1 migmatitic fabric in the composite mafic–felsic gneiss is truncated by the youngest (ca 1770 Ma) phase of granitic magmatism, constraining the timing of S1 deformation. A second period of sedimentation appears to post-date D1 deformation, with deposition occurring sometime after ca 1774 Ma. Subsequent overprinting during the 1590–1550 Ma Chewings Event is recorded by the growth of metamorphic monazite and zircon. This event deformed the ca 1774 Ma S1 gneissic fabric, producing a composite S1/S2 gneissic fabric in early metasedimentary and magmatic lithologies and a simple S2-only fabric in lithologies that were intruded or deposited after ca 1774 Ma. Consistent with previous work, we suggest that localised high-temperature deformation and bimodal magmatism at ca 1774 Ma in the Yundurbungu Hills is consistent with a back-arc setting linked to prolonged north-directed subduction.  相似文献   

19.
The Plutonic Well Greenstone Belt (PWGB) is located in the Marymia Inlier between the Yilgarn and Pilbara cratons in Western Australia, and hosts a series of major Au deposits. The main episode of Au mineralisation in the PWGB was previously interpreted to have either accompanied, or shortly followed, peak metamorphism in the late Archean at ca 2650 Ma with a later, minor, event associated with the Capricorn Orogeny. Here we present new Pb isotope model ages for sulfides and Rb–Sr ages for mica, as well as a new 207Pb–206Pb age for titanite for samples from the Plutonic Gold Mine (Plutonic) at the southern end of the PWGB. The majority of the sulfides record Proterozoic Pb isotope model ages (2300–2100 Ma), constraining a significant Au mineralising event at Plutonic that occurred >300 Myr later than previously thought. A Rb–Sr age of 2296 ± 99 Ma from muscovite in an Au-bearing sample records resetting or closure of the Rb–Sr system in muscovite at about the same time. A younger Rb–Sr age of 1779 ± 46 Ma from biotite from the same sample may record further cooling, or resetting during a late-stage episode of metasomatism in the PWGB. This could have been associated with the 1820–1770 Ma Capricorn Orogeny, or a late-stage hydrothermal event potentially constrained by a new 207Pb–206Pb age of 1725 ± 26 Ma for titanite in a chlorite–carbonate vein. This titanite age correlates with a pre-existing age for a metasomatic event dated at 1719 ± 14 Ma by U–Pb ages of zircon overgrowths in a sample from the Marymia Deposit. Based on the Pb-isotope data presented here, Au mineralising events in the PWGB are inferred to have occurred at ca 2630, 2300–2100 Ma, during the Glenburgh and Capricorn orogenies, and 1730–1660 Ma. The 2300–2100 Ma event, which appears to have been significant based on the amount of sulfide of this age, correlates with the inferred age for rifting of the Marymia Inlier from the northern margin of the Yilgarn Craton. The texturally-later visible Au may have been deposited during the Glenburgh and Capricorn orogenies.  相似文献   

20.
Oldest rocks are sparsely distributed within the Dharwar Craton and little is known about their involvement in the sedimentary sequences which are present in the Archean greenstone successions and the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin.Stromatolitic carbonates are well preserved in the Neoarchean greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton and Cuddapah Basin of Peninsular India displaying varied morphological and geochemical characteristics.In this study,we report results from U-Pb geochronology and trace element composition of the detrital zircons from stromatolitic carbonates present within the Dharwar Craton and Cuddapah basin to understand the provenance and time of accretion and deposition.The UPb ages of the detrital zircons from the Bhimasamudra and Marikanve stromatolites of the Chitradurga greenstone belt of Dharwar Craton display ages of 3426±26 Ma to 2650±38 Ma whereas the Sandur stromatolites gave an age of 3508±29 Ma to 2926±36 Ma suggesting Paleo-to Neoarchean provenance.The U-Pb detrital zircons of the Tadpatri stromatolites gave an age of 2761±31 Ma to1672±38 Ma suggesting Neoarchean to Mesoproterozoic provenance.The Rare Earth Element(REE)patterns of the studied detrital zircons from Archean Dharwar Craton and Proterozoic Cuddapah basin display depletion in light rare earth elements(LREE)and enrichment in heavy rare earth elements(HREE)with pronounced positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies,typical of magmatic zircons.The trace element composition and their relationship collectively indicate a mixed granitoid and mafic source for both the Dharwar and Cuddapah stromatolites.The 3508±29 Ma age of the detrital zircons support the existence of 3.5 Ga crust in the Western Dharwar Craton.The overall detrital zircon ages(3.5-2.7 Ga)obtained from the stromatolitic carbonates of Archean greenstone belts and Proterozoic Cuddapah basin(2.7-1.6 Ga)collectively reflect on^800-900 Ma duration for the Precambrian stromatolite deposition in the Dharwar Craton.  相似文献   

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