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The metallogenic mapping program of the Geological Survey, Department of Mines, New South Wales has two aims, to provide an inventory of information on all known mineral deposits in New South Wales, and to enable the recognition and delineation of metallogenic districts and provinces. Each deposit is described on a standardized data sheet. Selected information is symbolized on a coloured geological or tectonic background map at a scale of 1:250 000. This scale is considered to be suitable for locating deposits in the field and at the same time gives an impression of the regional distribution of deposits. The tectonic map is constructed using a plate tectonic model. Each map is accompanied by interpretative notes which are not of standard form but in which one of three approaches may be adopted: an interpretation according to the geological association, the delineating of groupings of deposits in structural zones, and the recognition of metallogenic units based on a plate tectonic model. In many, but not all cases, mineral districts were first delineated before the above approaches were adopted. The New South Wales Geological Survey's metallogenic maps may be used to develop concepts in ore genesis, and prognostic concepts for exploration. They assist in understanding the relationships between tectonic process and the concentration of ore minerals. They are valuable in land use and resource management studies. 相似文献
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Summary In this paper the interpretation of isotopic age data is discussed. It is shown that in many cases the measured age results do not date geological events which are considered by geologists to be the age of a rock or a mineral. These age data must often be ascribed to other periods of the evolution of rocks.Several examples of Rb-Sr age results on rocks and minerals from the Alps are discussed. It is shown that even with a great number of age data available it is impossible to date the time of metamorphism. On the other side detailed information of the cooling history of the Alps is given by Rb-Sr age results, which cannot be studied by classical geological methods.
Mit 1 Textabbildung
Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Leitmeier zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
Mit 1 Textabbildung
Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Leitmeier zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
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岩矿鉴定是各类地质工作开展的基础,其鉴定水平和质量直接影响着工作的深入程度和研究程度。传统鉴定方法受人员自身经验水平、光学显微镜分辨率等因素的影响较大,对于现今需要研究的细微稀有矿物、细粒沉积岩矿物等很难准确地识别鉴定。而依托高精密大型仪器的技术方法多数对样品制备有特殊要求,不利于样品的再利用,诸如扫描电镜、电子探针等在高倍数反射光下探寻、观测特定的细微透明矿物也存在一定的不足。本文将激光拉曼高分辨大面积快速成像方法(StreamLineHR)运用于两块标准岩石光薄片的全区域大面积扫谱,准确识别出其中透明矿物有碱性长石、斜长石、石英、普通角闪石、黑云母、方解石、榍石、磷灰石、锆石和绿帘石,不透明矿物有磁铁矿,部分矿物间存在紧密伴生的情况(如石英与长石、榍石与角闪石)和次生蚀变的情况(如长石碳酸盐化蚀变为方解石)。并以此为基础进行了含量统计,将其分别定名为细粒角闪石英二长闪长岩与细粒黑云母斜长角闪岩。实验过程中,荧光效应,类质同象类矿物(长石、角闪石)峰位相似性和蚀变矿物峰位偏移会对矿物识别、谱图解析造成干扰,可结合矿物镜下光性特征来解决。另外,面扫步长设置越小,分析精确度越高,时间成本也会相应增加,应用时需兼顾考虑。该方法实现了对细微矿物便捷、直观、准确的大范围快速识别鉴定,可弥补传统岩矿鉴定和其他技术方法的不足,拓展了拉曼光谱法在地质工作中的应用范围。 相似文献
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S. Guedes P. A. F. P. Moreira R. Devanathan W. J. Weber J. C. Hadler 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(2):93-106
The thermal recovery (annealing) of mineral structure modified by the passage of fission fragments has long been studied by the etching technique. In minerals like apatite and zircon, the annealing kinetics are fairly well constrained from the hour to the million-year timescale and have been described by empirical and semi-empirical equations. On the other hand, laboratory experiments, in which ion beams interact with minerals and synthetic ceramics, have shown that there is a threshold temperature beyond which thermal recovery impedes ion-induced amorphization. In this work, it is assumed that this behavior can be extended to the annealing of fission tracks in minerals. It is proposed that there is a threshold temperature, T 0, beyond which fission tracks are erased within a time t 0, which is independent of the current state of lattice deformation. This implies that iso-annealing curves should converge to a fanning point in the Arrhenius pseudo-space (ln t vs. 1/T). Based on the proposed hypothesis, and laboratory and geological data, annealing equations are reevaluated. The geological timescale estimations of a model arising from this study are discussed through the calculation of partial annealing zone and closure temperature, and comparison with geological sample constraints found in literature. It is shown that the predictions given by this model are closer to field data on closure temperature and partial annealing zone than predictions given by previous models. 相似文献
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李国武 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,40(2):337-358
矿物的晶体结构与晶体化学是矿物学的重要基础研究领域之一,21世纪以来,随着国家对地勘行业的重视,以及平面探测技术单晶衍射仪、微区、微量衍射等实验技术的应用与计算机软硬件能力的提高,我国矿物晶体结构与晶体化学研究得到飞速发展。矿物晶体结构测定与研究是伴随着新矿物的发现而发展的,新矿物的发现是矿物晶体结构研究的基石,又为新矿物提供数据支撑。目前我国发现的各类新矿物的晶体结构大多数已被测定,精修了近30个新矿物的晶体结构,并发现了多种此前从未发现过的矿物新结构,对若干新矿物的晶体化学新现象有了新的认识,这些成果为新矿物的发现和申报提供了基础性数据,同时也为阐明矿物的成分结构、物理特性、成因及演化,进而为各种地质现象的解释提供科学依据。展望未来,矿物晶体结构与晶体化学研究领域机遇与挑战并存。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地是我国重要的砂岩型铀矿成矿区之一。铀矿物赋存状态研究对砂岩型铀矿的成因认识、找矿勘查及选冶开采具有重要意义,但其矿物组成复杂,铀矿物粒度细小、种类繁多且赋存状态多样,致使研究初始的鉴定阶段就存在难点。目前普遍使用放射性照相法和电子探针(EMPA)两种方法开展铀矿物鉴定分析工作。放射性照相可一次性得到光片中所有铀矿物赋存位置、赋存状态和放射性形态,但无法鉴定矿物种类,耗时较长且需在暗室中进行;电子探针可得到铀矿物背散射图像和各元素含量,但在高倍数下薄片中寻找含量少、粒度小的铀矿物费时费力,并且在黑白背散射图像中无法快速判断伴生矿物种类。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘-南缘-西缘砂岩型铀矿为研究对象,将自动矿物分析系统(AMICS)运用于砂岩型铀基础研究中,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)鉴定出研究区铀矿物有铀石、晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿和硅钙铀矿,黄铁矿和钛氧化物与铀矿物关系密切,识别出其他伴生矿物还有石英、金红石、长石、云母、高岭石等。本文建立的AMICS-SEM-EDS分析方法,实现了铀矿物及其共生矿物组合的快速识别鉴定和赋存状态研究。 相似文献
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关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
以稀有、稀散、稀土、铂族元素为主体的战略性关键金属矿产资源,在新材料、新能源和信息技术等新兴产业中发挥着越来越关键的作用。随着我国关键矿产资源地质调查的不断深入,关键金属元素以其赋存基体复杂、不同矿物含量差异大、化学性质不稳定等特点对分析测试技术提出了新的挑战。本文根据化学组成不同,对关键金属元素主要赋存基体进行了分类,主要分为硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、钨酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、卤化物等。对于不同的基体岩石矿物,通常采用酸溶法(硝酸-氢氟酸组合、王水)或碱熔法等传统溶样方法进行化学消解。评述了当前关键金属元素测试常用的电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线荧光光谱等仪器的特点及应用,总结了关键金属元素分析过程中出现的样品难溶解、回收率不完全、测试过程氧化物和同质异位素干扰、样品和标准基体不一致等常见问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。微区原位分析凭借其高效率、低成本、高空间分辨率的优势,以及野外现场分析凭借其简单快速、贴近野外工作的特点是关键金属元素测试技术发展的主要趋势。 相似文献
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Dr. Kurt v. Gehlen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1960,7(5):340-388
Quantitative determinations of preferred orientation of opaque minerals have been made only in a few cases by measuring cleavage faces (galena,D. Schachner-Korn). In this paper several methods are investigated critically which are likely to allow the determination of pole figures of ore minerals in a reasonable time. In the first part the special difficulties are discussed which occur in measurements of preferred orientation with X-ray pole figure goniometers (reflection method byL. G. Schulz) when the specimen consists of more than one mineral, when the mineral investigated is coarse-grained, and when the specimen is small. A critical discussion of instrumental errors is included. This method can now also be applied to the determination of preferred orientation in rocks, ceramic materials, etc. In the second part optical methods are given which include the construction of pole figures from measurements of bireflection and polarization figures of uniaxial minerals in reflected light. Examples of pole figures of pyrrhotite, hematite, pyrite, sphalerite, and chromite are given.
Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen als Habilitationsschrift vorgelegt. 相似文献
Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen als Habilitationsschrift vorgelegt. 相似文献
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安徽省是我国矿产资源丰富的省份之一,是重要的煤炭、有色金属、建材及钢铁生产基地,矿业经济在安徽省的经济发展中占有十分重要的地位。为进一步加强探矿权管理,鼓励、支持社会资金参与矿产资源勘查开发,促进矿产资源管理健康有序发展,创新地质勘查开发新机制,实现安徽省地质找矿新的重大突破,特对安徽省重要矿产地质勘查项目区块(探矿权)设置进行研究。在安徽省矿产资源总体规划和地质勘查规划的总体框架下,对安徽省重要矿产勘查区、预留区、成果保护区的地质背景和成矿条件进行研究,进一步细化和实施地质勘查规划,突出重点矿种和重点成矿区带勘查工作,科学合理地划分勘查区块,设立矿产勘查项目区块(探矿权),为地质勘查及探矿权设置和整合提供技术依据。 相似文献
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P. Poon E. A. C. Liepa D. R. Cohen I. J. Pringle D. A. Burkett 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(4):575-590
AbstractThere is significant economic interest in the Murray Basin of southeastern Australia as it is proving to be a major heavy mineral sands (HMS) province that will be one of Australia’s major source for production of rutile, zircon and ilmenite. The distribution and provenance of HMS resources in the Murray Basin is poorly understood because of its huge size, limited exploration and the complex depositional, structural and weathering mechanisms in their development. In this paper, we focus on the Copi North and Magic deposits some 130–180?km south of Broken Hill, NSW. The heavy mineral assemblages of the Copi North and Magic deposits are very similar, with the main economic minerals being ilmenite, leucoxene, pseudorutile, rutile and zircon. Intensive fracturing and brecciation are identified in many samples and are inferred to have been initially caused by multi-stage deformational processes associated with metamorphism and then further developed through alluvial and eolian transportation. Both deposits are classified as ‘medium sands, symmetrical, mesokurtic and moderately well-sorted’. The majority of economic minerals are of low to medium sphericity and subrounded, along with abundant polished eolian quartz grains. The Copi North deposit has coarser and more poorly sorted sediments with higher HMS grades and magnetics content than the Magic deposit, reflecting a higher energy depositional environment. The main source for the HMS for the Copi North and Magic deposits is largely ascribed to the Broken Hill Block. Previous studies have shown that the Broken Hill orebody underwent substantial sub-aerial weathering over hundreds of millions of years. In addition, the complex metamorphic events experienced by the Broken Hill Block were capable of forming the broad series of minerals identified within the Copi North and Magic deposits. The HMS were believed to have been transported through paleovalleys near the Mulculca Fault in a southeast direction representing a feeder system into the NW Murray Basin. Both deposits feature a relatively linear geometry (roughly parallel to the strike of the paleoshoreline), with high HMS grades, modest tonnages, and coarser sediments when compared to WIM-style offshore deposits. Compared to other strandline HMS deposits of the Murray Basin, they are smaller in size although have similar high grades of 3.7–6.9% THM and similar proportions of the HMS assemblage of ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile and zircon. Deposits of similar size and grade are likely to occur throughout the northern part of the Murray Basin.
- KEY POINTS
Both the Copi North and Magic deposits contain similar mineral assemblages with the provenance of the heavy minerals ascribed to the Broken Hill Block.
A relatively high energy inshore environment is inferred for the Copi North deposit while a lower energy environment associated with either a foreshore or backshore environment is inferred for the Magic deposit.
Deposits of similar mineralogy, grades and size are likely to occur elsewhere throughout the northern Murray Basin.
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变晶、激波变晶和外空变晶都是原来晶体结构被不同地质作用所破坏的矿物.变晶由放射性衰变的α粒子和反冲核造成.激波变晶显示激波导致的位错、相变和分解反应等独特特征.外空变晶是在地球外部空间由太阳风和宇宙射线形成非晶质. 相似文献
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三穗铀矿床位于黔中—湘西北铀成矿带内,产于震旦—寒武系老堡组炭质泥岩中,是贵州省近年勘查发现的第一个大型铀矿床。[研究目的]鉴于黔东地区铀矿成矿规律、富集机理及矿石矿物学等研究程度低,查明典型铀矿床矿石矿物组合及化学组分,探讨成矿环境,揭示成矿过程,深化成矿理论认识,将为促进区域成矿预测、扩大找矿勘查成果及丰富该类型铀矿成矿理论提供科学依据。[研究方法]基于三穗铀矿床地质、地球化学特征,通过电子探针、扫描电镜等测试,分析了铀成矿机理及成岩成矿的环境演化。[研究结果]本区含铀岩系老堡组形成于震旦纪/寒武纪转折期的陆缘裂谷和陆缘裂陷缺氧还原环境,铀成矿初始物源与海底火山活动有关;铀矿石主要由铀矿物、铁矿物、黏土矿物、有机质及白云石、石英（或玉髓）、重晶石、方解石等组成,呈微晶—隐晶结构、微晶—粉晶晶粒状结构,层状、纹层状构造;铀矿物丰富,主要有沥青铀矿、硅钙铀矿、硒铅铀矿、钛铀矿、磷铀矿及水碳铀等,以纳米—微米级粒状、柱状（粒径多<10 μm）、细脉状、或隐晶质形式赋存于有机质、铁质、黏土矿物等聚铀矿物中。[结论]三穗铀矿床形成物源具有多源性,与雪峰期海底火山作用带来部分成矿物质、燕山—喜马拉雅期成矿流体在运移的途中不断浸取地层内的成矿物质密切相关,经历了铀初始富集、氧化淋滤及热液叠加再富集过程,成因属典型的碳硅泥岩型。三穗铀矿床中发现大量铀矿物显示,铀富集程度高、成矿作用强,找矿远景好、潜力大。创新点：基于三穗铀矿床地质地球化学特征,通过电子探针、扫描电镜等矿物学研究,揭示本区铀成岩成矿的环境演化及成矿机理,探讨了找矿远景。 相似文献
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研究原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,对原煤是集中还是分散利用、燃煤过程中粉煤灰的排放截留、从原煤或粉煤灰中提取稀土及放射性元素等方面都具有指导意义。由前人研究可知不同矿区原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式有差异。本文研究了山西省霍西煤田两个矿区175个煤样中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,应用背散射电子图像(BSEI)定位分析区域,应用BSEI、能谱-扫描电镜法(EDX-SEM)中的面分析(EDS-mapping)和粉晶X射线衍射法确定了主要伴生矿物,应用BSEI和EDX-SEM中的点分析(EDS-point)确定了微量伴生矿物。在煤样中发现了铈镧钕钇镝钪六种稀土元素及一种放射性元素钍,其中铈、镧和钕主要以磷酸盐形式伴生于高岭石类矿物中,部分伴生在含氧化铝或氧化硅较多的矿物中,少量存在于碳中;钇、镝以磷酸盐或氧化物形式独立存在于碳中;在部分锆石、独居石中分别发现了钪和钍。研究表明,该矿区煤样中稀土元素主要以细粒自生矿物的形式伴生在其他矿物中,少数以独立矿物的形式存在于碳中,放射性元素钍伴生在独居石中。 相似文献
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马坑铁矿钻孔岩心红外光谱特征及蚀变分带特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红外反射光谱技术可无损、快速、批量地识别出硅酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐等矿物,近年来在矿物学研究、地质勘探与找矿、矿山选冶等方面取得了较显著进展。尤其是热红外波段（6000~14500nm）可识别出辉石、石榴子石、橄榄石等蚀变矿物以及长石、石英等造岩矿物,对于矽卡岩型、铜镍硫化物型以及石英脉型等矿床地质找矿、矿床成因研究等具有重要意义。本文通过对国家实物地质资料馆馆藏的马坑铁矿钻孔岩心进行短波-热红外反射光谱测量与分析,总结马坑铁矿各蚀变矿物光谱特征,并快速厘定了该矿床的蚀变矿物类型及组合特征。马坑铁矿蚀变矿物主要有石榴子石、辉石、碳酸盐、绿泥石、绢（白）云母、角闪石、绿帘石、蒙脱石、石膏等。石榴子石热红外光谱特征是在9199nm、9730nm、10500nm及11100nm处具有明显的反射特征,辉石热红外光谱特征主要是在11500nm和12150nm处具有明显的吸收特征。红外光谱分析表明蚀变矿物在空间上呈现出明显的分带性,蚀变矿物组合及分布严格受围岩岩性和热液交代的双重控制。通过红外反射光谱蚀变矿物组合特征研究,“石榴子石+辉石”可作为矽卡岩型矿床的标型矿物组合,蚀变分带特征也反映了主矿体从高温到低温的变化过程;结合矿床地质特征,推断出马坑铁矿为典型的层控矽卡岩型矿床。本研究可为矽卡岩型矿床的成矿规律认识和找矿勘探等方面提供科学支撑。 相似文献
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班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏重要的铜多金属成矿带。嘎拉勒铜金矿床是该成矿带中发现较晚、研究程度较低且具代表性的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,矿石有用组分中金、银的赋存状态研究相对开展的较少,限制了矿床进一步的综合开发利用。作者通过野外地质调查与采样,采用光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和X射线能谱仪测试分析等手段和方法,对矿石成分组分做了详细的研究,重点研究了矿床中金、银的赋存状态及主要载金矿物的特征。嘎拉勒铜金矿床金矿物以自然金、银金矿为主,其次为金银矿,可见粒间金、裂隙金及相对较少的包裹金形式,主要的载金矿物为石英、白云石、方解石、金属氧化物、硫化物及自然铋等。银矿物主要以金银系列矿物形式存在,少量自然银与放射性元素共生,此外,还有少量辉银矿。研究成果填补了该矿区金、银赋存状态研究的空白,对矿床的开发、利用有着重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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聚源钨矿是华南地区为数不多的大型石英脉型白钨矿矿床之一。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文利用α径迹蚀刻、电子显微镜、扫描电镜以及电子探针等实验手段,对该矿床含钨和含铀矿物开展了精细矿物学的研究工作,探讨了成矿过程中钨和铀的富集规律。研究显示,该矿床钨铀矿物的形成可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,钨铀主要进入富含Nb、Ti的氧化物矿物,形成铌铁矿、钇易解石等富钨矿物,另有极少量的钨进入黑钨矿和早阶段白钨矿;第二阶段,铌铁矿与钇易解石被后期流体交代,形成含钨富铀的骑田岭矿、铌锰矿以及钛-钇易解石;第三阶段,钨进入中阶段白钨矿,这一阶段也是钨最主要的矿化阶段;第四阶段,钨进入晚阶段白钨矿。最后两阶段白钨矿中铀含量不高。骑田岭矿(WO_3 26.74%～29.68%),是聚源钨矿中除白钨矿和黑钨矿之外钨含量最高的含钨矿物。该矿易解石族矿物WO_3最高可达9.80%,极度富钨,是目前有文可查的钨含量最高的易解石。聚源钨矿中的含钨矿物大多数为白钨矿,但绝大多数的白钨矿却在骑田岭矿、易解石族矿物、铌铁矿族矿物、黑钨矿之后形成,说明成矿流体在演化过程中,绝大多数W首先进入富含Nb、Ti的含铀矿物和少量黑钨矿,之后才是白钨矿的大量结晶。 相似文献
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航空高光谱遥感数据具有“空谱合一”的优势,深入挖掘并应用高光谱数据中蕴含的蚀变矿物地质信息具有重要意义。本文应用航空高光谱CASI-SASI数据,建立了基于“整体谱形-特征参量协同”的蚀变矿物信息提取流程,并在甘肃省敦煌市小金窝子地区开展了蚀变矿物信息提取、地质涵义分析和野外查证。基于高光谱CASI-SASI数据成功提取了褐铁矿、绿泥石、绿帘石、短波云母、中短波云母、中长波云母、长波云母共7种蚀变矿物。高光谱CASI-SASI数据提取的大面积区域性分布的蚀变矿物多为区域热液作用产物,小范围定向分布的蚀变矿物与断裂、岩脉等成矿热液活动关系密切,局部产出且具定向性的中短波云母与断裂构造及酸性脉体关系密切,基于野外地质调查和ASD光谱实测的蚀变矿物野外查证工作证实蚀变矿物提取结果可信。褐铁矿+中短波云母的蚀变矿物组合具有金矿化指示意义,为基础地质调查和矿产资源勘查提供了重要的遥感信息。 相似文献