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从氧原子最紧密堆积以及阳离子充填四面体和八面体空隙原理出发 ,以简单氧化物矿物最紧密堆积结构类型金绿宝石、尖晶石、铁钒矿为基础 ,深入讨论了复杂氧化物矿物最紧密堆积结构类型彭志忠石、尼日利亚石、塔菲石、黑铝镁铁 (钛 )矿等晶体结构构筑原理。以O表示全部为阳离子八面体配位的层 ;以T层表示阳离子八面体配位与阳离子四面体配位的混合层 ,其中T1表示阳离子八面体配位与一种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层 ,T2 表示阳离子八面体配位与两种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层。这类矿物晶体结构可用O、T1、T2 堆积方式表征 ,O层与T层交替排列。如 :彭志忠石 ( 6H)的晶体结构表示为…OT2 OT1OT1… ,塔菲石 ( 8H)的晶体结构表示为…OT2 OT1OT2 OT1… ,尼日利亚石 ( 2 4R)的晶体结构表示为…OT1OT2 OT2 OT1…× 3 ,等等 ;它们的晶体结构中既有尖晶石的…OT2 OT2 …晶体结构单位 ,又有铁钒矿的…OT1OT1…晶体结构单位。 相似文献
2.
透视石的化学式是Cu_6[Si_6O_(18)]·6H_2O。其晶体结构包括六个水分子的折叠三角环,此环分布在由六个硅氧四面体形成的折叠三角环的层中,Cu~(2 )离子纵向和横向连接三角环。Cu~(2 )离子由四个O~(2-)和二个H_2O构成的畸变八面体所围绕,四个O~(3-)位于平面正方形的四个顶点,H_2O位子沿z轴伸长的八面体的二个顶点上。Cu-O的键长为1.95—1.98,Cu-H_2O的键长为2.50—2.68。据多数文献报 相似文献
3.
偏岭石及煅烧高岭石的红外光谱研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对偏岭石和相应煅烧高岭石的红外光谱测定,发现偏岭石同煅烧高岭石在结构上有很大的差异。在偏岭石中不存在非晶态SiO_2相,其中Si—O_4四面体同Al—O_6八面体是相互聚合的:煅烧高岭石(600～995℃)中则不同,其中Si大部分是以独立的非晶态SiO_2相存在,而同其中的Al_2O_3相分离。偏岭石同煅烧高岭石的关系是:对偏岭石进行一定温度的煅烧,它可以转变成像煅烧高岭石一样的结构状态。 相似文献
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硅酸盐辉石的晶体化学(下) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
八面体层和四面体层间的连接在辉石中绝大多数阳离子的替换发生在八面体层内.这样的替换影响着层的大小,从而影响着与四面体链的连接.补偿错配的最显而易见的方法是O_3—O_3—O_3链的伸展和弯折.另外,也可以通过四面体的畸变或“偏离平面”的变形来调整(Cameron等,1973).后者的机理包括通过O_3原子远离和靠近含有O_3原子的平面的运动而使四面体变形.直到现在,还没有任何发表的资料讨论链拉直、四面体畸变、偏离平面的变形等在保持八面体层与四面体层间的连接上的相对重要性.涉及头两种机理的变化将在下面详细讨论,Ohashi和Finger(1974)报道了偏离平面的变形的增加与四面体链弯拆的增加密切相关. 相似文献
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采用显微镜和XRD,EMPA,FTIR,RAMAN,TGA等现代测试方法对内蒙赤峰鱼眼石的晶体形态、矿物组合、化学成分、谱学特征、热力学性质等进行了测试分析,初步探讨了鱼眼石晶体形态的成因以及水的赋存状态。赤峰鱼眼石晶体呈粒状—假立方状,由四方柱{100}、四方双锥{111}和平行双面{001}聚合而成,无色-浅粉红色,玻璃光泽,透明到半透明,与钙铁辉石、雪硅钙石和毒砂等矿物共生。赤峰鱼眼石的主要化学成分为w(SiO_2)50.22%~52.73%,w(CaO)24.16%~25.28%,w(K_2O)3.57%~5.80%和w(F)2.62%~3.48%,含有少量的Na_2O,Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3,平均成分的晶体化学式为:(K0.964Na0.109)1.073Ca4.036[(Si7.727Al0.091Cr0.073)7.891O20](F0.828OH0.172)1.000·7.775H_2O。硅的含量不足导致硅氧四面体层活性氧与层间阳离子的键强增大,促使鱼眼石晶体沿c轴方向的生长,形成粒状—假立方状晶体形态。红外光谱中3 556 cm-1和1 691 cm-1吸收峰以及96.7℃,255.9℃,418.9℃,437.7℃的主要失水温度均表明赤峰鱼眼石中的水属于结晶水,而600℃以后仍有少量的失重,以及红外光谱中3 418 cm-1和3 242 cm-1吸收峰的出现,又反映出赤峰鱼眼石中部分水具有结构水的特点。 相似文献
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湖南省安化、临武、柿竹园等地区有一类含锡、镁、铁、锌、钛、锰、铝等多种元素的复杂氧化物矿物 ,它们是尼日利亚石、镁尼日利亚石 (彭志忠石 )等。本文从紧密堆积原理出发 ,深入探讨了尼日利亚石类矿物的晶体化学特征。它们的晶体结构可用O(阳离子八面体配位的层 )、T1(阳离子八面体配位与一种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层 )、T2 (阳离子八面体配位与两种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层 )堆积方式表征 ,O层与T层交替排列。尼日利亚石 6H的晶体结构表示为…OT2 OT1OT1… ,尼日利亚石 2 4R的晶体结构表示为…OT1OT2 OT2 OT1…× 3 ,等等 ;它们的晶体结构中既有尖晶石的…OT2 OT2 … ,又有铁钒矿的…OT1OT1…晶体结构单位。这类矿物研究在矿物学、宝石学、材料科学等方面有重要的理论和实际意义 相似文献
8.
关于云母族矿物的红外光谱研究,国内外一些学者曾做过不少工作。笔者就近年来所收集到的一些产自宁芜地区、南岭地区花岗岩类岩石中27个黑云母样品,进行了红外光谱测定,确定了某些特征吸收峰的偏移及其与化学组分之间的关系,并探讨了黑云母矿物中主要金属阳离子的相互置换和晶体结构的关系。 黑云母属三八面体型的2∶1层状结构硅酸盐矿物。结构中上下四面体片(T)以尖顶相对,中间夹氢氧镁石型[Mg—O_4(OH)_2]八面体片(O),构成T—O—T型结构层。占有四面体晶位的阳离子主要为Si,约有1/4的Si可被R~(3+)(主要为Al~(3+)、次为Fe~(3+))取代。占有八面体晶位的阳离子主要为Mg~(2+)或Fe~(2+),次为Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Mn~(2+)等。由T—O—T所组成的结构层则通过层间大阳离子K~+(少量的Na~+、Ca~(2+)等)彼此相连接。结构 相似文献
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一、膨润土的构造和特性膨润土又称皂土、膨土岩和斑脱岩。它是以蒙脱石为主要成分的粘土矿物。天然的膨润土除纯蒙脱石外,还含有不定数量的其它粘土矿物如高岭土和非粘土矿物石英、长石、方英石等。一般认为蒙脱石的晶胞是由两层〔Si-O〕四面体夹着一层〔AL-(O·OH)〕八面体构成。晶层间的距离,由于层间的吸水量不同而不同。当层间不含水时,其层间距离为3.2(?),当吸附水量达到26H_2O 时,层间距离为21.4(?)。钠基胞蒙石的层间距离 相似文献
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The ordering of Al and Si in gehlenite is considered using computer simulation. The enthalpy of ordering ΔH per 2Al+2Si atoms is found to be 0.52 eV. It is dominated by the nearest neighbour interaction, but the analysis is carried out to fifth neighbours. The nearest neighbour interaction differs significantly from that for other materials. The structure does not have a connected network of ordering sites, which mainly accounts for the unobservably low transition temperature for Al/Si ordering. Two alternatives are given for the likely ordering pattern. 相似文献
12.
大兴安岭中北段塔尔气地区早白垩世白音高老组火山岩地球化学特征及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔尔气地区早白垩世白音高老组火山岩主要由流纹岩、流纹质(含角砾)岩屑晶屑凝灰岩及流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰熔岩等组成。岩石地球化学研究表明,火山岩具有富铝(Al2O3含量13.37%~15.79%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O含量6.10%~8.56%)、贫镁钙的特点;稀土元素丰度总量较高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=3.72~17.9],且HREE有较明显的凹陷;微量元素以相对富集K、Rb、Ba、LREE等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损Sr元素以及高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti为特征。结合前人研究结果表明,塔尔气地区白音高老组火山岩来源于基性下地壳物质的部分熔融。结合火山岩所具有的A型流纹岩的特点,暗示为伸展构造体制下的产物,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的伸展环境有关。 相似文献
13.
Dov Bahat 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):93-102
In ternary feldspars of essentially one phase, calcium content has a dominant influence on the optic axial angle. In such feldspars and also in binary feldspars from solvsbergite rocks, variations of cooling histories do not significantly affect the optic axial angle. In ternary feldspars which are unmixed into two or three prominent phases, Al/Si ordering has an important effect on the 2V value. A recent suggestion of several writers that in feldspars the alkali structural site may be partially occupied by (H3O)+ ions is applied as a possible way to explain a correlation observed between petrographical features of the rocks and the optic axial angles of their feldspar phenocrysts. 相似文献
14.
Reduction of octahedral Fe in the crystalline structure of smectites influences, possibly controls, surface-sensitive physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate if reduction of structural Fe by Na-dithionite or bacteria affects the chemical environment of constituent cations in montmorillonite, employing solid state multinuclear (29Si and 27Al) magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Reduction of structural Fe resulted in a positive (down field) chemical shift of the main Si Q3 (Q3(0Al)) site which was strongly correlated with Fe(II) content and inferred that distortions in Si-OT (T=Si, Al) bond angles and Si-O bond lengths occur with increasing layer charge. The line width (W) of the 29Si Q3 signal also increased with increasing levels of reduction. No change occurred in the position of the peak maximum for the octahedral Al (27AlVI) signal; however, an increased W was observed for this peak with increasing Fe(II) content. These results are attributed to decreases in Si-O-T bond angles and Si-O bond distances, corresponding to a better fit between the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets brought about by the presence of Fe(II) in the clay structure. The increased 27AlVI signal width (W) may also be due to a lessening of the paramagnetic influence of Fe(III) nuclei and enhancement of 27AlVI signals with different quadrupole coupling constants (QCC). Multinuclear MAS NMR analyses of dithioniteand microbially-reduced montmorillonite indicate that reduction of structural Fe caused reversible changes in the smectite structure, at least as far as this method could discern. 相似文献
15.
An ab initio Hartree–Fock study of spodumene structure has been performed, and the wave function was used for a topological analysis of the electron density. The three non-equivalent oxygen atoms (O1, O2 and O3) of spodumene differed mainly in their valence shell charge concentration (VSCC). In particular, O1 shows a maximum of charge concentration along the Si–O bond path, and two other maxima, which can be regarded as lone pairs, point in the opposite direction with respect to the silicon position. O2 shows a torus of local charge concentration, whose axis is parallel to the Al–Si direction, with a bulge on the external side of the Si–O2–Al angle; even if no maximum exists in the Si direction, the valence shell of O2 appears to be strongly polarized toward the silicon; a slight polarization also exists along the Al–O bond path. A similar situation is displayed by O3, whose charge concentration has a torus-like shape, with the axis parallel to the Si–Si direction, and a bulge on the external side of the Si–O3–Si angle; as in the case of O2, a significant polarization of the valence shell of O3 is observed, towards the two Si directions. By recasting the calculated electron distribution in terms of the valence bond theory, a correlation has been found between structural details (bond lengths) and the hybridization state of the oxygen atoms. 相似文献
16.
1974年在一水晶矿石英脉晶洞中,发现了一种含Ba、Li的硅酸盐新矿物--纤钡锂石。我们对纤钡锂石进行了光性研究、比重测定、差热及热失重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线单晶结构分析等工作,现分述如下。 相似文献
17.
湖北地质学院X光实验室 《地质科学》1974,9(2):117-132
索伦石是1961年在我国发现的一种新矿物。成分为CaO·SiO2·H2O,是人工和天然的含水硅酸钙矿物中CaO∶SiO2∶H2O=1:1:1的唯一一种矿物,因此索伦石结构的测定对了解这一类矿物的晶体化学当有助益。 相似文献
18.
Xianyu Xue Jonathan F. Stebbins Masami Kanzaki 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1993,19(7):480-485
Stishovite, a high-pressure SiO2 polymorph in which each Si is coordinated by six O atoms, transforms to an amorphous phase when undergoing heat treatment below the glass transition temperature at ambient pressure. We have applied 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR) to study this amorphization process. We found that the amorphous phase generated after heating stishovite for up to 3 days at around 600 ° C consisted exclusively of four-coordinate Si, similar to glasses quenched from melts at ambient pressure. Furthermore, our data suggest that there are subtle structural differences between the amorphous phase transformed from stishovite at 600 ° C and glasses quenched from melts at ambient pressure: the amorphous phase from stishovite had a smaller mean Si-O-Si angle initially, and it gradually relaxed toward the latter with increasing heating time. There was no detectable change in the stishovite structure even after about 80% of it had been converted to the amorphous phase. The mechanism of the amorphization of stishovite is discussed in light of these results. 相似文献
19.
双重贝寒尔函数积分的数值计算 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
双重贝塞尔函数积分则由于贝塞尔函数互乘项的强振荡与慢衰减特性而以以应用通常的数值积分算法。本文将被积区间[0,∞]划分为[0，λ0]、[λ0，∞]两部分，应用贝塞尔函数的克尔函数表述式及后者的大宗量渐近特性，区间[λ0，∞]的双重贝寒尔函数积分可被转化为Fourier正（余）弦变换，并可利用各种快速算法对其进行数值计算；区间[0，λ0]上的双重贝塞尔函数积分的计算可直接应用一般的数值积分算法并能获得较高的计算精度；当需大量计算有共同参量的双重贝塞 尔函数积分时，其计算效率仍显不足。此时，可应用贝塞尔函数的导数关系式对[0,λ0]内的双重贝塞尔函数积分进行恒等变换，再用差商近似导数，将其转化为对贝塞尔函数本身的积分，而该积分又仅需计算一次。故本算法对双重贝塞尔函数积分的计算效率有明显提高。 相似文献
20.
E. E. Senderov 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1980,6(4):251-268
Calculations of the equilibrium distribution of Al, Si in the albite framework based on quasi-chemical theories of order, disorder transformations (Yang 1945; Yang and Li 1947; Li 1949) were made for a two-dimensional framework model. The ordering is caused by the energy of Al, Si interchange between sites of different crystal-chemical types and the energy of nearest neighbour interaction. By taking into account the decrease in the energy of interchange between sites with increasing disordering and with increasing temperature, and by examining different relationships for site-to-site interchange energy and the nearest neighbour interaction, it is possible to understand the basic characteristics of the transformation from low (essentially ordered) to high (essentially disordered) albite as revealed by experiment. These characteristics are: (1) abrupt variation of the equilibrium degree of order within a narrow temperature range and possible first order phase transformation for the transition from low-albite to high-albite, (2) hysteresis of the synthetic high albite transformation path and of the low albite hydrothermal “annealing” path, (3) presence of a temperature range where high albite is stable and has a continually changing equilibrium degree of order. 相似文献