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1.
在广泛调研总结国内外次要组分背景值研究的基础上,对比分析各方法的优缺点,提出水化学分析与数理统计法相结合的地下水次要组分视背景值研究体系。该方法体系首先在次要组分与主要组分之间进行因子分析,建立次要组分与主要组分的联系,运用三倍标准差准则识别主要组分粗大误差的异常值,利用Piper图水化学类型对异常值进行分析检验,从宏观上分析识别水化学影响明显异常的次要组分数据,再运用平均值加减2倍标准差迭代法和概率图法组合分析识别异常值。完成异常值剔除的数据取95百分位数作为次要组分视背景值的上限阈值。该方法有利于把握数据的整体统计特征,同时能避免主观确定阈值的误差,对异常数据的剔除高效充分。上述方法体系运用在柳江盆地表明,与4种常用数理统计学方法相比,该方法体系计算出的次要组分视背景值的可靠性与稳定性更高,同时能解释引起次要组分异常的原因及背景控制因素。运用水化学分析与数理统计法体系,较为科学合理地计算出了柳江盆地浅层地下水次要组分硝酸盐、偏硅酸、铝、氟和溴的视背景值阈值,分别为75.1、27.4、0.11、0.30和0.32mg·L~(-1)。硝酸盐视背景值阈值偏高,反映出柳江盆地广泛的农牧业养殖及生活污水排放已不可避免地对地下水产生了一定的影响。  相似文献   

2.
周迅  朱春芳 《地球学报》2014,35(2):177-182
地下水中硝酸盐的含量不仅对水质产生影响,也会显著影响地下水的水化学分类,本文以福建省晋江市为例,对浅层地下水中硝酸盐含量特征及与其他水化学指标的关系进行了分析。结果显示:地下水中硝酸盐绝对含量总体偏高,在阴离子毫克当量百分比中所占比重已超过硫酸盐,对地下水水化学类型产生显著影响。NO3–相对含量较高的样品,往往具有低矿化度,低pH值,高r(Na+)、r(Cl–)比,且属于氯化物型水的特征。利用r(NO3–)/r(Cl–)可判别地下水在天然条件下的浓缩或稀释效应,亦可结合目标污染物的绝对含量变化,判断其是否属于人为污染抑或天然水动力条件下的浓缩稀释效应。  相似文献   

3.
运用快速聚类法和因子分析法对大同盆地原生高砷、高氟地下水的16个水化学指标的空间变化进行了分析。结果表明,采用快速聚类法结合实际地下水性质可将研究区地下水分为6类具有不同水化学特征的地下水。从山前到盆地中心河间洼地,地下水中的砷质量浓度逐渐升高,盐碱化程度逐渐加重,水环境呈恶化趋势。因子分析法解释了研究区81.6%的水化学数据,分别提取出反映地下水盐分、砷、氟和硝态氮、Fe和Mn及微量组分Sr的5个公共因子。结合当地水文地质条件及水化学类型特征分析发现,研究区地下水经历了较强的水-岩相互作用、蒸发浓缩作用、离子交换作用,同时受人为活动影响,最终形成了现有的地下水水化学特征。两种统计方法均发现高盐分、高砷及高氟地下水分布有一定的重叠性,水化学特征相似。利用因子得分判断地下水水质特征,划分出各公共因子高值区分布情况与快速聚类法结果基本一致。  相似文献   

4.
宋小庆  彭钦  王伟  屈秋楠 《地球科学》2019,44(11):3926-3938
以贵州抗旱打井找水项目2007-2015年采集的3 699件浅层地下水化学样品分析数据为依据,在分析区域地质背景和水文地质条件的基础上,对研究区地下水化学数据进行聚类分析及水文地质单元划分,运用箱型图和迭代标准差法剔除异常值,并判断各水文地质区水化学数据的分布类型,最后取剔除异常值后数据的95百分位数作为环境背景值上限阀值.研究结果表明:贵州岩溶区浅层地下水属中偏碱性,水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-和SO42-为主,地下水类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg和HCO3-Ca型,区内地下水中离子的主要来源为岩石矿物的风化水解;地下水SO42-和Cl-分布类型以正态分布为主,对数正态分布次之,偏态分布最少,三叠系中统关岭组膏岩层及二叠系含煤地层中地下水的SO42-环境背景值阀值为68.71~164.32 mg/L,其他区域背景值阀值为19.42~39.05 mg/L;Cl-背景值阀值为3.45~6.65 mg/L,区域变化较小.   相似文献   

5.
《地学前缘》2017,(1):321-331
近年来,我国地下水水质受人为与自然双重因素的影响正不断恶化。其中,人类活动作用影响尤为突出。应用水化学方法识别人类活动对地下水水质影响的程度主要依据人类活动导致地下水化学特征的变化,通过其变化程度的大小从而得出人类活动影响强度的大小。该方法基于地下水化学指标背景值的获取技术,充分考虑各水化学指标之间的联系,利用反映水化学演化特征的5种水化学图与马氏距离相结合,识别并量化异常,最终得出影响程度分级。评价结果不仅可识别出无明显地表污染源引发的水质变化,量化人类活动对地下水水质影响程度,还能预测地下水受污染潜在风险。在柳江盆地的应用结果表明,该地区地下水水质受到人类活动影响比较大的区域主要分布在南部石门寨镇及北部驻操营镇,且南部较北部地区影响程度更为严重,这与研究区人口分布密集度及煤矿分布区域较为吻合。对比研究区水质图可知,驻操营北部及东部落地区地下水可能遭受污染的风险较大。该方法与根据某些指标的变异程度进行识别的方法相比,评价结果可靠程度更高,且以背景值获取方法为基础,得出的异常程度分级更具科学性。  相似文献   

6.
为了了解红水河中上游流域地下水污染情况,并对其进行防治与管理,利用R型因子分析法对红水河中上游流域的130组水化学数据进行分析,识别出影响区内岩溶地下水水质的因子3个。因子1以Ca2+、HCO3-、总硬度和溶解性总固体为主,反映了水-岩作用(碳酸盐溶解)对地下水水化学组分的影响;因子2以K++Na+、Cl-和NO3-为主,揭示了农业污染(农药、化肥、牲畜粪便等)和生活废水对农业区地下水水化学组分的影响;因子3以Mg2+、SO42-和F-为主,反映了工矿业污染对北部矿区地下水水化学组分的影响。结果表明,因子1、因子2和因子3与人类活动密切相关,今后应加强监管和防治。   相似文献   

7.
煤矿开采过程中的矿井涌水与人为疏水均在不同程度上改变区域地下水循环模式,最终改变地下水水质。以柳江盆地地下水为研究对象,基于层次聚类分析与离子比例法探讨柳江煤矿对当地地下水水质的影响。利用层次聚类分析可将地下水分为三类(A、B、C类),三类水主要阳离子均为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)。A类水阴离子以SO_4~(2-)为优势阴离子,最高达707.3 mg/L,主要沿盆地中心煤系地层分布;B类水以HCO_3~-为主要阴离子,分布于盆地东西两侧;C类水以较高的NO_3~-为特征,最高达537.2 mg/L(以NO_3~-计),集中分布于盆地南部花岗岩-变质花岗岩出露区。离子比例法与Q型聚类分析探讨水中SO_4~(2-)及其他主要化学成分,表明地下水中SO_4~(2-)主要来自煤系地层中硫化矿物的氧化作用,通过顶底板导水裂隙进入其他含水层,同时促进含水层中的溶滤作用与阳离子交替吸附作用。NO_3~-含量高的C类水除了其本身引起的水质恶化以外,一旦进入封闭含水层,可在还原状态下作为氧化剂促进硫化矿物的氧化作用,从而可能进一步引起地下水水质的恶化。  相似文献   

8.
地下水化学背景值研究中的异常值判定与处理   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据吉林省地下水化学背景值调查背景值确定出现的水化学异常问题,应用数理统计原理,并结合水文地球化学特征,讨论了判定和处理异常值方法的科学性与适用性。  相似文献   

9.
大荔县地下水环境质量评价及成因浅析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
基于2006-2007年对研究区野外实地调研和水化学数据的测试分析,以国家地下水质量I类水标准为基值,筛选出12个超标的水化学组分,利用模糊灰色评价方法对地下水环境质量作出评价。结果表明,大荔县地下水绝大部分为5类水.并用熵权赋权法研究导致水质变差的主要水化学组分。结果表明,铁在该区影响最大,其次为氯化物、总硬度、氟化物、溶解性总固体,为苦咸水之源。含水层中铁、总硬度、溶鹪性总固体、硫酸根、卤化物区域性高含量主要由于大荔县特殊的气候、地质背景条件等所决定。而COD、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、锰、铬含量的增高由人类活动所为。  相似文献   

10.
陈倩  钟金先  李长顺 《现代地质》2012,26(3):607-613
通过对四川盆地大量浅层风化带裂隙水水化学数据的描述性分析、相关分析、因子分析,结合盆地地质-水文地质条件,分析和研究了浅层风化带裂隙水化学成分分布特征及形成作用。结果表明:区内浅层风化带裂隙水中主要阴阳离子为HCO3-和Ca2+,HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+在地下水中含量相对稳定,尤其是HCO3-绝对含量较大,相对含量差别不大;Na++K+、SO42-、Cl-在地下水中含量变化较大,是随环境因素变化的敏感因子;水化学成分特征的形成受大气降水和含水系统中岩石矿物成分的影响;总溶解固体值TDS<1 g/L的淡水在区内大面积分布,TDS值总体呈现出由盆地边缘向盆地中心的递增关系,表明溶滤作用由盆地周围向盆地中心的递增特点,但局部地区TDS值受大气降雨的影响。  相似文献   

11.
 A new hydrochemical diagram is proposed for classification of natural waters and identification of hydrochemical processes. The proposed diagram differs from the Piper and expanded Durov diagrams in that the two equilateral triangles are omitted, and the shape of the main study field is different. In addition, the proposed diagram can be constructed on most spreadsheet software packages. The proposed diagram is constructed by plotting the difference in milliequivalent percentage between alkaline earths and alkali metals, expressed as percentage reacting values, on the X axis; and the difference in milliequivalent percentage between weak acidic anions and strong acidic anions, also expressed as percentage reacting values, on the Y axis. The milliequivalent percentage differences from the X and Y co-ordinates are extended further into the main study sub-fields of the proposed diagram, which defines the overall character of water. Examples of hydrochemical analyses of groundwater are given from Karnataka, India, for each of the three types of diagrams, illustrating the applicability of the proposed diagram in four case histories having different hydrogeochemical aspects. A comparison indicates that the proposed new diagram satisfies the basic requirement for a suitable classification of natural waters, and it also can be effectively used for studies of hydrochemical processes. Received, April 1998 / Revised, February 1999 / Accepted, April 1999  相似文献   

12.
刘丹  杨立中  李晓 《矿物岩石》2000,20(4):75-80
在分析秦岭隧道地区地质背景及水体水化学组成的变化规律的基础上,确定了平导地下水化学异常的基本特征及形成机理,研究表明水中硫根离子的审围岩中黄铁矿氧化所致钙离子的升高则归因于氧过程形成的大量氢离子促使含钙矿物水角或次生的碳酸盐矿物溶解,而两者浓度的增大导致地下水水化学类型的改变,矿化度及总硬度的异常。  相似文献   

13.
A subsample aggregating (subagging) regression (SBR) method for the analysis of groundwater data pertaining to trend-estimation-associated uncertainty is proposed. The SBR method is validated against synthetic data competitively with other conventional robust and non-robust methods. From the results, it is verified that the estimation accuracies of the SBR method are consistent and superior to those of other methods, and the uncertainties are reasonably estimated; the others have no uncertainty analysis option. To validate further, actual groundwater data are employed and analyzed comparatively with Gaussian process regression (GPR). For all cases, the trend and the associated uncertainties are reasonably estimated by both SBR and GPR regardless of Gaussian or non-Gaussian skewed data. However, it is expected that GPR has a limitation in applications to severely corrupted data by outliers owing to its non-robustness. From the implementations, it is determined that the SBR method has the potential to be further developed as an effective tool of anomaly detection or outlier identification in groundwater state data such as the groundwater level and contaminant concentration.  相似文献   

14.
A combined hydrochemical and stable isotope approach was used to investigate the origin of nitrate in the shallow unconfined groundwater of Kharkiv city, Eastern Ukraine. The contamination was investigated in the context of land use within the catchment area. The observed enrichment of sulfate, chloride and nitrate suggests significant groundwater contamination in the shallow urban aquifer, which is widely used as drinking water source for the urban population. Characteristic nitrate/chloride ratios as well as stable isotope ratios (N and O) of nitrate in the most contaminated springs confirmed that septic waste from leaky sewer systems was the main source of nitrate contamination in the groundwater. Nitrate contamination is linked to the type of land use and sewage treatment regime in the catchment area. It is also modulated by the regional hydrogeology, which determines the susceptibility of a given aquifer toward groundwater pollution. A more quantitative assessment of nitrate sources based on the nitrate isotope analysis alone is rather difficult. However, our study confirms that the combination of hydrochemical tracers, robust land-use analysis and nitrate stable isotope measurements represents a valuable approach to identify the origin of the nitrate contamination.  相似文献   

15.
Hydrochemical and isotopic researches were conducted in El-Sadat City groundwater system to identify groundwater alteration, recharge, residence time and extent of pollution. The groundwater salinity gradually increases as the groundwater moves from northeastern to southwestern parts of the city. Groundwater generally shows mineralization decreasing with depth, indicating that the possibility of recent water penetration far below the surface is limited. Shallow groundwater has an elevated level of nitrate, which is attributed to anthropogenic sources due to intensive agricultural activity. The limit of high nitrate water may mark the maximum penetration of groundwater from the surface, which is found in depths <100 m. The northeastern and southwestern industrial areas are highly contaminated by some heavy metals, which may originate from some local industrial effluents. The sewage oxidation ponds seem to show no effect on groundwater; hence, these ponds are not a point source for these heavy metals. Dissolved ions depict five different hydrochemical facies, and stable isotopes define the recharge mechanisms, the origin of groundwater and the hydraulic confinement of deep groundwater. The deep groundwater is untritiated and has long residence times (in the order of thousands of years). Three different hydrochemical groups have been recognized and mapped in El-Sadat City, based on the chemical and isotopic information of the groundwater. These groups have different levels of contamination. The deep groundwater samples are significantly less impacted by surface activities and it appears that these important water resources have very low recharge rates and would, therefore, be severely impacted by overabstraction. The extensive exploitation of groundwater for drinking water supply would shortly be reflected by a gradual decline of the groundwater table in El-Sadat City. Amelioration of groundwater quality requires further management strategies and efforts in the forthcoming years.  相似文献   

16.
以地下水污染调查数据、地下水监测数据和遥感数据为基础,分析了1998年以来(1998—2019年)兰州不同区域地下水环境变化趋势,探讨了土地利用变化、污染源排放、地下水开采等城市发展要素对地下水的影响。结果表明:1998年以来兰州市地下水环境变化的主要特征是水质恶化、水位上升。溶解性总固体、总硬度、硝酸根、氟等典型水化学指标在大部分地区呈稳定上升趋势,局部地下水中硝酸根比重增加,出现了硝酸型地下水。污染负荷增加是水质恶化的重要驱动因素,且恶化指标与城市主体功能存在直接关系,城关区是主要的居住、商业区,水质恶化的典型指标为硝酸盐;西固区是化工、冶炼等重工业集中区,地下水污染程度最重,反映工业污染的氟化物上升显著;七里河区、安宁区是商业、居住及轻工业的综合分布区,矿化度、总硬度、硝酸根等指标都有不同程度上升,但升幅不大。西固及三滩地区地下水位上升较为明显,其他城区相对稳定,城市不透水界面阻碍了降雨、灌溉等地表垂直入渗,使地下水位年内波动趋于平缓;水源地开采量减少、沿河工程建设以及地下管网渗漏等因素导致地下水补径排条件发生变化,不仅引起城区地下水位上升,还能够增强污染物淋滤和地下水蒸发浓缩,对水化学环境造成一定影响。  相似文献   

17.
The karst of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site plays a major role in the assimilation or carrying of acid mine drainage, sewage effluent return flow and agricultural run-off. Infiltration of contaminated water has altered the chemical composition of the natural waters of the karst system. A multivariate statistical method in combination with conventional geochemical and spatial analysis was applied on groundwater and surface water quality samples to determine the spatial extent of hydrochemical impacts from different anthropogenic sources. The application of hierarchical cluster analysis of the major ions (148 samples) recognised three distinct hydrochemical regimes. Cluster 1 is moderately mineralized, especially with regard to chloride, nitrate and sulphate, cluster 2 has a low mineralization with all elements well within the recommended drinking water limits of South Africa and cluster 3 represents highly mineralized samples taken in the vicinity of decanting mineshafts. The cluster solution is confirmed by a simple mixing model, indicating varying contributions of three identified end members (acid mine drainage, treated sewage effluents and pristine dolomitic groundwater) to the groundwater quality in the catchment. The combination of statistical, geochemical and spatial methods in conjunction with end-member mixing analysis provides a reliable method to understand the processes responsible for the groundwater quality variations and to assist in the identification of anthropogenic impacts.  相似文献   

18.
为研究沈阳市李官堡傍河水源地的水化学变化特征与污染来源,在对该水源地开展野外污染调查、水化学样品采集等工作的基础上,结合聚类分析和因子分析两种多元统计分析方法对研究区地下水环境进行系统分析。结果表明:研究区平水期和丰水期的地下水均可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两类具有不同水化学特征的两个区域。Ⅰ区主要分布在浑河沿岸,主要特征为Eh值偏低,pH值偏高,处于还原环境中,NH4+污染主要来源于浑河下渗与农业活动;Ⅱ区主要分布在研究区西北部,主要特征为Eh值偏高,pH值偏低,处于氧化环境中,NO3-污染主要来源于居民日常生活和工业活动等地表污染的垂向入渗。  相似文献   

19.
河套灌区西部浅层地下水咸化机制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
浅层地下水水位埋深浅、含盐量高,是导致河套灌区土壤次生盐渍化的重要原因.以河套灌区西部地区为研究区,通过对浅层地下水的水化学和氢氧同位素特征分析以及水文地球化学模拟,探讨了灌区浅层地下水的补给来源和主控水-岩作用过程,并定量估算了蒸发作用对浅层地下水含盐量的影响.研究区内浅层地下水为弱碱性咸水,pH为7.23~8.45,总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids,TDS)变化范围为371~7 599 mg/L;随着地下水咸化程度增大,水化学类型由HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca型向Cl-Na型过渡.引黄灌溉和大气降水是浅层地下水的主要补给来源,径流过程中浅层地下水受蒸发作用和植物蒸腾作用影响,地下水化学组分主要来源于蒸发盐溶解和硅酸盐风化水解,并受强烈的蒸发作用和离子交换作用影响.水文地球化学模拟和主成分分析结果显示,蒸发作用和岩盐溶解作用对区内浅层地下水咸化贡献最大,石膏和白云石等矿物的溶解、硅酸盐的水解、Na-Ca离子交换以及局部地形起伏对地下水咸化过程也有较大贡献.   相似文献   

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