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1.
魏华玲  方念乔  丁旋  聂兰仕  刘秀明 《地质通报》2007,26(12):1627-1632
通过对东经90°海岭ODP758钻孔岩心3.5Ma以来的浮游有孔虫远洋记录的研究,结合岩性地层、稳定同位素地层、碳酸盐地层等资料,探讨了喜马拉雅山加速隆升、"中更新世气候转型"、"中布容溶解"事件等重大构造、环境事件在研究区的表现及相关机制。通过对各项指标的分析和对比,根据ODP758岩心的有孔虫组合面貌、古温度、古盐度和古温跃层的变化情况,推断研究区在1.4~0.7Ma期间的气候变化可能是在"中更新世气候转型"条件下发生的。碳酸钙、碳酸钙沉积通量和非碳酸钙沉积通量曲线在1.7Ma时快速增长,与现有资料显示的青藏高原的隆升历史相符,分别与青藏高原隆升过程中的青藏运动A幕、B幕、C幕(1.7Ma)和昆仑-黄河运动(1.2~0.6Ma)相当。碳酸钙含量、大于150μm的粗组分含量、浮游有孔虫沉积通量和浮游有孔虫生物地层揭示出在0.5~0.4Ma期间研究区深海碳酸盐遭受了强烈溶解。此事件与大西洋、太平洋、印度洋及南沙海区沉积记录中的"中布容溶解"事件一致。  相似文献   

2.
本文在综合东北印度洋域5支深海钻芯和7支活塞柱状芯资料的基础上,对该区沉积作用及其形成的记录与北部山脉和高原隆升的关系进行讨论.过去有关深海记录对造山带构造活动响应的研究多集中于孟加拉浊积扇,而90°E海岭的远洋沉积记录通过海气相互作用系统作为中介,可能包含响应隆升的重大环境信号.初步研究表明,远洋记录中的碳酸盐含量、有孔虫的形态结构和若干微量元素特征的剧变期与已知的高原构造阶段存在密切的对应关系,其中,距今8Ma、3.7Ma、0.8Ma和0.16Ma所反映的变化尤为突出.  相似文献   

3.
东经90°海岭的远洋沉积记录与晚新生代重大构造-环境事件   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
东经 90°海岭的北部远洋型沉积记录是青藏高原隆升的远程监视器。文章应用有孔虫组合分析和壳体微量元素分析 ,结合相关的沉积学、地球化学、古地磁学和微体古生物学工作 ,对以ODP75 8钻孔为代表的 9Ma以来的沉积记录综合研讨 ,识别出对应于高原阶段隆升 (3 7~ 3 2Ma、0 .8~ 0 .6Ma、0 .17~ 0 .16Ma)的重大环境变化信号。文章还提出印度冬季季风强度是反映高原构造活动关键标志的观点。按照这种观点 ,海岭远洋记录提供的晚新生代最大环境转折时段位于 3.7~ 3.2Ma间。  相似文献   

4.
晚中新世以来亚洲季风阶段性演化的海陆记录   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文在综合对比晚新生代以来中国黄土高原黄土一红粘土沉积、西北太平洋粉尘沉积、南海有孔虫、阿拉伯海有孔虫记录的基础上,探讨了大约8Ma以来亚洲季风的阶段性演化历史。结果发现,黄土高原粉尘沉积在8Ma前后大规模出现,在3.5Ma前后大幅增加;印度季风在8Ma前后形成(或显著加强);南海ODP1146站位浮游有孔虫Neoglcboquadrina丰度也有两次明显增加,表明海水表面温度不断降低和海洋生产力的增加,指示东亚冬季风作用增强。北太平洋()DP885/886钻孔风成粉尘通量也有增加,指示亚洲内陆进一步的干旱化和冬季风作用的增强。印度洋沉积通量在11Ma前后开始增加。在9~8Ma时出现峰值,表明喜马拉雅山和青藏高原南部逐渐隆起。当隆起达到足够高度时,导致亚洲内陆干旱气候带扩大,同时提供大量粉尘并向东传输到中国北方和北太平洋地区。青藏高原北缘山前盆地的沉积记录显示,在3.6Ma时,高原北部的进一步快速隆升过程可能影响到整个高原,从而导致亚洲内陆更加干旱化,东亚季风增强,粉尘沉积加快,南海及印度洋陆源沉积作用加剧。  相似文献   

5.
方念乔 《地学前缘》2002,9(3):173-181
以新生代印度尼西亚多岛海沉积记录作为典型分析对象 ,对陆 (岛 )海相间结构背景下的沉积作用的主要特征及其构造地理意义进行讨论。各种类型的深水沉积作用在多岛海槛式盆地中多有反映 ,但以浊积和半远洋沉积最为突出 ,典型的远洋沉积仅发育于多岛海外围的开放大洋地区。连续而持久的远洋沉积记录是判别古代洋盆规模的最有效的依据之一。云南昌宁—孟连造山带作为古特提斯多岛洋主洋盆 ,包含的以放射虫硅质岩为代表的远洋记录覆盖的地质历史至少达 130Ma。结合明显的等深流记录、可能的巨大火成区记录、巨量陆屑输入记录等多方面的证据 ,笔者认为 ,云南地区所揭示的东古特提斯的规模远非当代的印尼多岛海可比。对多岛海背景下的若干古海洋学问题也进行了讨论  相似文献   

6.
天水盆地位于青藏高原东北缘六盘山与西秦岭二重要构造带交汇处,该盆地充填较完整晚新生代沉积序列记录着该区构造变形历史,因此对该盆地沉积记录的研究对探讨青藏高原东北缘晚新生代构造活动事件具有重要的意义。通过对天水盆地晚新生代砂岩和含砾砂岩地层中碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究,推断23.7Ma左右天水盆地北部沉积物源区西秦岭发生了一次与青藏高原隆升有关的构造—热事件,该事件可能导致天水盆地的形成,并开始接受新近系冲积相沉积。约14.1Ma左右天水盆地物源区再次发生构造活动,使西秦岭剥露速率加快和盆地进一步拗陷广泛接受河湖相沉积。通过对剥蚀速率的估算,得出天水盆地沉积记录的23.7Ma和14.1Ma西秦岭北部快速抬升事件的平均剥蚀速率分别达0.34mm/a和1.05mm/a。   相似文献   

7.
本文以时间为纲、以重大的深水沉积学进展为基础,简略地概述了深水沉积学的过去(1372年—1950年),从三个方面详细地阐述了深水沉积学的发展现状(1950年—今天):一、深水沉积作用和相模式:介绍了三大类、十二种流体类型或沉积作用类型和十种相模式,即A.再沉积作用,包括岩石垮落,沉积物的蠕动,滑移和滑塌,碎屑流,颗粒流,液化流或流体化流,浊流。B.正常底流,包括内潮流和内波流,峡谷流,底流或等深流,面流。C.面流和远洋沉积作用。十种相模式包括:滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积、浊流沉积(粗粒、中粒、细粒)相模式和等深流沉积(砂质和粉砂质、泥质)、半远洋沉积、远洋沉积(红色粘土、软泥)相模式。二、深水遗迹化石和遗迹相:着重介绍了两方面的情况,即深水遗迹化石、遗迹相与深水沉积模式的关系和深水道迹化石、遗迹相类型、分布与深水环境类型、参数之间的关系。三、深水沉积学的发展对基础地质理论和地质思维的挑战:主要列举了五个方面的内容:1.垂向加积作用与侧向加积作用。 2.深海沉积间断与深水过程。3.事件沉积与灾变记录。4.深水沉积学与板块构造说。最后指出了深水沉积学在以后的研究中值得重视的六个方面。  相似文献   

8.
孟加拉湾东经90°海岭中上新世以来沉积记录及亚洲季风   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用古生物地层学、碳酸盐地层学、X射线粉晶衍射和粒度分析等方法对东北印度洋孟加拉湾东经90°海岭上的远洋沉积物进行了综合研究.在此基础上, 以陆源物质的粒度为切入点对该区的沉积作用、沉积物来源及其可能的搬运机制进行了探讨, 对过去有关研究区陆源物质的源区和搬运方式作了补充.陆源物质的粒度可作为东南季风或赤道东风的替代性指标, 其变化不仅反映源区的火山活动情况, 而且指示了风力的强弱.陆源物质的多少则主要取决于青藏高原和印度次大陆的剥蚀情况和地表径流的强弱.二者之间通过高原隆升及其引发的环境效应联系起来.   相似文献   

9.
高山河群是熊耳群之上最古老的沉积盖层和中元古代早期沉积作用记录最丰富的层位之一。本次研究在洛南-卢氏地区由下至上依次选择沉凝灰岩和石英砂岩进行碎屑锆石年代学、岩石地球化学和Nd同位素组成分析。研究发现,沉凝灰岩中碎屑锆石显示2309±3Ma(MSWD=3. 2,N=63)的特殊年龄峰值,与"静寂期"岩浆作用密切相关,全岩Nd同位素组成与熊耳群火山岩特征一致,εNd(t=1700Ma)=-13. 2~-3. 8,对应t2DM为2. 51~3. 26Ga,暗示太古宙地壳物质对岩浆源区有很大贡献。层位由底界上移,石英砂岩的成熟度逐渐降低,表明来自沉积再循环的物质减少;εNd(t)由-11. 9~-8. 3变化至-0. 8~+0. 5又至-8. 2~-2. 4,显示源区分别来自富集地幔-弱亏损地幔-富集地幔的"多元性"特征;相应地,碎屑锆石年龄主峰值从1850~2100Ma逐渐变化为2200~2300Ma和~2500Ma,表明沉积物源的多元性还与物质组分差异有关。高山河群沉积碎屑岩中最年轻的谐和锆石年龄集中于1760~1770Ma,限定了其最早沉积时限。结合上覆地层官道口群底界1600~1610Ma,确定高山河群是华北南缘"长城系"的重要组成部分。碎屑物质主要来自古元古代中-晚期1800~1900Ma、1950~2100Ma、2200~2350Ma和新太古代~2500Ma、2600~2700Ma,与燕辽地区长城系记录的华北克拉通前寒武纪基底构造热事件基本一致,二者在区域上具有可对比性。  相似文献   

10.
袁胜元  李长安  邵磊 《沉积学报》2012,30(2):366-374
江汉盆地是长江出三峡后第一个大型卸载区,近2.77 Ma以来堆积了近300m的碎屑沉积物,主要由河流相和湖沼相组成,形成了多个沉积旋回。选择江汉盆地中心位置的ZL钻孔,利用ICP-MS方法展开微量元素组成分析,细粒组分中微量元素含量与各粒组含量相关性并不明显,主要是5~7粒级组分表现出微弱的相关性.可见,粒度并非ZL钻孔微量元素丰度的主控因素。钻孔岩心中大部分亲石元素、亲硫元素相对上部陆壳均出现明显富集,亲铁元素总体低于上部陆壳,可能与江汉盆地总体上更多地接受了来自上游而非扬子古陆本地深源物质风化碎屑沉积有关。Sr、V/Ni和Sr/Ba值的变化则表明江汉盆地在2.6~2.43 Ma B.P.时可能有咸化湖的发育,而在2.1 Ma B.P.左右存在过一段大湖发育期。  相似文献   

11.
Investigations of three plausible tectonic settings of the Kerguelen hotspot relative to the Wharton spreading center evoke the on-spreading-axis hotspot volcanism of Paleocene (60-54 Ma) age along the Ninetyeast Ridge. The hypothesis is consistent with magnetic lineations and abandoned spreading centers of the eastern Indian Ocean and seismic structure and radiometric dates of the Ninetyeast Ridge. Furthermore, it is supported by the occurrence of oceanic andesites at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 214, isotopically heterogeneous basalts at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 757 of approximately the same age (59-58 Ma) at both sites. Intermix basalts generated by plume-mid-ocean ridge (MOR) interaction, exist between 11° and 17°S along the Ninetyeast Ridge. A comparison of age profile along the Ninetyeast Ridge between ODP Sites 758 (82 Ma) and 756 (43 Ma) with similarly aged oceanic crust in the Central Indian Basin and Wharton Basin reveals the existence of extra oceanic crust spanning 11° latitude beneath the Ninetyeast Ridge. The extra crust is attributed to the transfer of lithospheric blocks from the Antarctic plate to the Indian plate through a series of southward ridge jumps at about 65, 54 and 42 Ma. Emplacement of volcanic rocks on the extra crust resulted from rapid northward motion (absolute) of the Indian plate. The Ninetyeast Ridge was originated when the spreading centers of the Wharton Ridge were absolutely moving northward with respect to a relatively stationary Kerguelen hotspot with multiple southward ridge jumps. In the process, the spreading center coincided with the Kerguelen hotspot and took place on-spreading-axis volcanism along the Ninetyeast Ridge.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract Basaltic basement has been recovered by deep-sea drilling at seven sites on the linear Ninetyeast Ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean. Studies of the recovered lavas show that this ridge formed from ~ 82 to 38 Ma as a series of subaerial volcanoes that were created by the northward migration of the Indian Plate over a fixed magma source in the mantle. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios of lavas from the Ninetyeast Ridge range widely, but they largely overlap with those of lavas from the Kerguelen Archipelago, thereby confirming previous inferences that the Kerguelen plume was an important magma source for the Ninetyeast Ridge. Particularly important are the ~ 81 Ma Ninetyeast Ridge lavas from DSDP Site 216 which has an anomalous subsidence history (Coffin 1992). These lavas are FeTi-rich tholeiitic basalts with isotopic ratios that overlap with those of highly alkalic, Upper Miocene lavas in the Kerguelen Archipelago. The isotopic characteristics of the latter which erupted in an intraplate setting have been proposed to be the purest expression of the Kerguelen plume (Weis et al. 1993a,b). Despite the overlap in isotopic ratios, there are important compositional differences between lavas erupted on the Ninetyeast Ridge and in the Kerguelen Archipelago. The Ninetyeast Ridge lavas are dominantly tholeiitic basalts with incompatible element abundance ratios, such as La/Yb and Zr/Nb, which are intermediate between those of Indian Ocean MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt) and the transitional to alkalic basalts erupted in the Kerguelen Archipelago. These compositional differences reflect a much larger extent of melting for the Ninetyeast Ridge lavas, and the proximity of the plume to a spreading ridge axis. This tectonic setting contrasts with that of the recent alkalic lavas in the Kerguelen Archipelago which formed beneath the thick lithosphere of the Kerguelen Plateau. From ~ 82 to 38 Ma there was no simple, systematic temporal variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios in Ninetyeast Ridge lavas. Therefore all of the isotopic variability cannot be explained by aging of a compositionally uniform plume. Although Class et al. (1993) propose that some of the isotopic variations reflect such aging, we infer that most of the isotopic heterogeneity in lavas from the Ninetyeast Ridge and Kerguelen Archipelago can be explained by mixing of the Kerguelen plume with a depleted MORB-like mantle component. However, with this interpretation some of the youngest, 42–44 Ma, lavas from the southern Ninetyeast Ridge which have206pb/204Pb ratios exceeding those in Indian Ocean MORB and Kerguelen Archipelago lavas require a component with higher206Pb/204Pb, such as that expressed in lavas from St. Paul Island.  相似文献   

13.
The Ninetyeast Ridge is one of the longest structures in the World Ocean. Owing to the seismostratigraphic analysis, three seismic complexes are distinguished in the sedimentary cover of this ridge, lower subaerial—shallow-water (SC3), transition (SC2), and upper deep-water (SC1), and nine reflectors: 0, 0a, 1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 5, and F. On the basis of the results of correlation of seismic sections with those of deepwater sites recording the entire period of formation of the sedimentary cover of the Ninetyeast Ridge (Late Cretaceous—Quaternary), several nondepositional hiatuses are distinguished. The following reasons for these hiatuses are proposed. The hiatus in the beginning of the Early Paleocene coincides in time with the general decrease in the World Ocean level and is recorded only within the northern part of the ridge. The first “soft” collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, as well as Paleocene—Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), could have been a reason for the most long-lasting hiatus in the Early—Middle Eocene in the northern and central parts of the Ninetyeast Ridge. The hiatus in the Early Oligocene is also distinguished in these parts of the ridge and is likely associated with underwater erosion. The formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the change in the hydrodynamic regime of the Indian Ocean could have been reasons for the hiatus in the Middle Miocene, which is traced in the sedimentary cover throughout the entire Ninetyeast Ridge.  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents pelagic records of planktic foraminifera, as well as data of stable isotope stratigraphy and carbonate stratigraphy since 3.5 Ma B.P. from site ODP758 in the Ninetyeast Ridge of the Indian Ocean. Based on these data, manifestations and related mechanisms of major tectonic and environmental events such as the rapid uplift of the Himalaya Mountains, “middle Pleistocene climatic transition” and “mid-Brunhes dissolution event” in the region are discussed. According to the analysis and comparison of various indices and changes in terms of foraminifera assemblage, paleotemperature, paleosalinity and themocline from site ODP758, the authors deduce that the paleoclimatic changes might correlate with the mid-Pleistocene transition at 1.4–1.7 Ma B.P. The changes of CaCO3, mass accumulation rates (MAR) of CaCO3 and non- CaCO3 MAR indicate that the loaded terrigenous sediments increased at 1.7 Ma, which is in agreement with the uplift history of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau as shown by the available data. The last two changes coincide with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, hence they are called “Qinghai-Tibet movement” (1.7 Ma), and the “Kunlun-Yellow River movement” (1.2–0.6 Ma). The changes of the CaCO3 content, coarse fraction (> 150 μm) content and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy show that strong dissolution of abyssal CaCO3 occurred in the study region during 0.5–0.4 Ma. The event was consistent with the “mid-Brunhes dissolution event” in the sedimentary records of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Nansha sea area of the South China Sea. __________ Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(12): 1627–1632 [译自: 地质通报]  相似文献   

15.
张朋  梅廉夫  马一行  李任远  尹宜鹏 《地球科学》2014,39(10):1307-1321
为了揭示孟加拉湾盆地的构造特征和中生代以来的动力学演化,对研究区卫星重力数据进行滤波、梯度和延拓等深度处理,对相关地震剖面进行标准化处理,在研究区建立了8条主干剖面.自由空气重力异常及其深度处理结果显示在盆地西部、海岭内部及盆地东部分别发育北西向破碎带、近东西向断裂和北东向线性构造,分别反映了海底北西向扩张、海岭侵位及印度洋洋壳北东向俯冲的影响.主干剖面经标准化处理后划分出上白垩统-第四系5套层系,结合重力异常与地层厚度,将孟加拉湾盆地划分为西部坳陷、85°E海岭隆起、中央坳陷、90°E海岭隆起和若开坳陷5个构造单元.85°E海岭隆起内发育的多个孤立高隆起是热点幕式喷发的响应,控制着碰撞前盆地“西厚东薄”的沉积格局,而碰撞后孟加拉扇体系在始新世至中新世期间一直向南迁移,未受到海岭的明显影响.90°E海岭南段(7°~14°N)的俯冲消减促进了安达曼增生楔的向西生长,北段(14°~20°N)的俯冲作用则控制着若开坳陷、印缅增生楔和孟加拉湾盆地沉积中心的演化.构造特征和动力学演化分析表明盆地经历了原始大洋盆地(晚白垩世-早渐新世)和残留洋盆地(晚渐新世-)2个主要演化阶段.   相似文献   

16.
方念乔 《现代地质》2022,36(1):1-13
通过剖析和总结两个重要的研究经历和学术成果:(1)应用东北印度洋的深海钻心研究喜马拉雅山—青藏高原隆升,(2)应用南海周边陆域的岩浆-沉积记录研究“古南海”的消亡和南海的早期开裂,作者阐释了对于这一特殊的“海陆对比”研究的理解、策划与心得体会。在前一项凭海观山的研究中,首先明确在东北印度洋区存在两类组分、成因各不相同的深海沉积序列,它们分别坐落于孟加拉海底扇和东经90°海岭,在响应山脉隆升的方式上各具优势。经过对两个序列的替代性指标的严格筛选与对比,确定3.6~3.2 Ma和1.0~0.6 Ma是晚中新世以来山脉与高原隆升影响最为深刻的关键时段。在第二项由陆识海的研究中,须要处理的则是较第一项更为复杂的包括岩浆、构造、沉积甚至陆上钻井在内的地质记录,而且其保存条件远逊深海沉积系列。此类研究的优势在于,可以避免单一钻孔记录的局限性,助力研究者在更广阔的区域内综合各种适用的基础材料,构建反映海陆一体化的区域构造演化框架。在华南大陆边缘,存在中生代晚期活动陆缘向新生代被动陆缘的重大构造转换。为建立一个完整的陆缘弧体系,作者于研究区布设了“十字形”考察路线,在东西向追索最初发现于海南的陆缘弧的展布特征,在南北向查明陆缘弧的结构样式,发现在白垩纪中期(110~80 Ma)发生强烈的因板块汇聚而产生的区域隆升,且由南向北隆升强度减弱。经过与同期浙闽陆缘岩浆-沉积记录的综合对比,认为中生代向北俯冲的“古南海”很可能属于业已消亡的特提斯域。中生代末华南陆缘进入全新的发展阶段,三水盆地因展现白垩纪—始新世规模最大且保存最好的岩浆-沉积过程被选为被动陆缘破裂研究的中心地区。古新世晚期(~57 Ma)以碱性玄武岩-粗面岩-钠闪碱流岩为代表的碱性系列双峰式火山喷发活动在研究区兴起,并一直持续到盆地停止发育(42~38 Ma)。实验数据显示:(1)岩浆源区位于软流圈地幔,即使喷发规模最大的粗面岩和碱流岩,也是来自幔源玄武质岩浆的分阶段结晶分异,(2)计算得到的地幔热异常并不明显。作者综合所得结果判断,研究区不存在主导区域构造运动的深源地幔柱,三水盆地发达的火山岩系产出的真实背景在于,中生代晚期的俯冲-碰撞使得岩石圈缩短加厚,于中新生代之交发生拆沉作用和软流圈上涌。这一区域构造环境不仅导致新生代早期的华南裂谷作用,很可能对其后的南海扩张也产生重要影响。现代地球科学将海和陆这两个最大的地理单元紧密地联系在一起,从海洋采集相关的地质信号研究大陆构造,抑或反之,都给我们提供了审视和解决科学问题的新的有效视窗。  相似文献   

17.
The Oligocene Ethiopian continental flood basalt province (ca. 29–31 Ma) contains significant silicic pyroclastic rocks (>60,000 km3 constituting up to 20% of the volcanic stratigraphy). Rhyolitic tephras, synchronous with the Ethiopian silicic pyroclastic rocks, are found in Indian Ocean ODP holes 711A. They are geochemically akin to the Ethiopian silicic pyroclastic rocks. This suggests that the Indian Ocean tephras originated from Ethiopian silicic eruptions and represents more distal fallout of this volcanism. The temporal coincidence of the Ethiopian flood volcanism with the Oligocene global cooling event (Oi2?~?30.3 Ma) and the emplacement of the Ethiopian silicic pyroclastic eruptions on a near-global scale strongly suggest that the Ethiopian continental flood basalt province may have contributed or at least accelerated the climate change that was already underway.  相似文献   

18.
在《印度洋底大地构造图》的基础上,分析了印度洋盆构造格局和洋盆演化重大事件序列,并从印度洋盆初始裂解机制、扩张中心跃迁与热点作用、洋中脊扩展作用等方面讨论了印度洋盆的张开过程,提出以下几点认识:(1)现今印度洋洋中脊可分为两个系统:东南印度洋中脊-中印度洋中脊-卡斯伯格洋脊系统(东支)和西南印度洋中脊系统(西支),前者是太平洋洋中脊扩展作用的产物,后者是太平洋-东南印度洋中脊与大西洋中脊之间构造调节的产物;(2)印度洋盆最初裂解受地幔柱垂向挤压-水平伸展作用控制,沿前寒武造山带等地壳薄弱带发育;(3)印度洋盆经历两次扩张中心的跃迁,其趋向性跃迁方向与热点相对板块的运动方向具有一致性,显示两者存在内在联系。(4)大西洋和太平洋洋中脊在印度洋交汇,于古近纪连通,末端伴随陆块持续发生碎裂化、裂解化,可称为鱼尾构造模式,表明印度洋盆衔接和调节了三大洋盆的发育和演化过程,具有全球洋盆枢纽的关键意义。  相似文献   

19.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的形成与日喀则弧前盆地沉积演化   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩被时代连续的日喀则群沉积覆盖及其形成时代(120-110Ma)与冈底斯弧开始发育的时代(115-100Ma)十分相近的事实使人们有理由提出:雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩是否代表着印度板块与拉萨地块间的特提斯-喜玛拉雅洋残迹的疑问。根据近期的研究,笔者认为雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩不是形成于三叠纪的特提斯-喜玛拉雅洋的残迹,而是特提斯-喜玛拉雅洋向拉萨地块俯冲的初期(阿普第-阿尔必期),由俯冲作用在冈底斯弧前地区引发的海底扩张作用形成的一种俯冲带上叠型蛇绿岩(supra-subduction zone ophiolites).至森诺曼期,弧前海底扩张作用停止,雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩开始向南仰冲,在其南侧形成增生杂岩楔。仰起的蛇绿岩开始向日喀则弧前盆地提供蛇绿质碎屑,如冲堆组。森诺曼期-土仑期,盆地接受了一套深水复理石沉积,沉积物源部分来自南部边缘脊的蛇绿质碎屑,而大部分则来自北侧的弧火山岩和岩浆岩碎屑。森诺期-路坦丁期,盆地逐渐变浅,接受了浅海-滨海沉积,物源均来自北部的岩浆弧。至始新世末期,发育在盆地南侧的增生杂岩楔与印度板块发生碰撞,日喀则弧前盆地闭合。  相似文献   

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