共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
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污水渗滤土地处理系统中的复氧方式及效果 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
复氧是困扰人工快渗、构造湿地等污水渗滤土地处理系统已久的问题。国际上目前采用的方法主要有3种：一是采用干湿交替的工作方式进行系统复氧，一是设置通气管对系统内部进行复氧，再一是利用植物的根系对系统内部进行复氧。研究结果表明，干湿交替的工作方式对系统的复氧条件有明显改善，而小水力负荷周期的工作方式对系统的复氧更为有效。通气管的设置通常与间歇性布水工作方式相结合，其效果通常要明显好于单纯采用干湿交替的工作方式。植物根系对系统的复氧，常因植物不同类型面具有不同的氧传输能力，植物根茎所能到达的范围往往决定了系统有效处理部位的大小。 相似文献
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近年来,济南岩溶水硫酸盐浓度逐年升高,为了对硫酸盐污染区域实施有效的防治措施,保障饮用水安全,识别硫酸盐的污染来源极其重要。在系统分析研究区水文地质条件的基础上,根据实际的采样测试数据,采用硫、氧(S、O)双同位素示踪技术,分析识别了济南趵突泉泉域硫酸盐的主要污染来源,并通过IsoSource质量守恒模型,估算了硫酸盐各污染来源的贡献率。结果表明: 泉域内硫酸盐主要污染来源有大气沉降、污水和土壤; 大气沉降来源贡献率最大,均值达到53.9%; 其次是污水来源,均值为31%; 土壤来源贡献率最小,均值为15.1%。该研究为北方岩溶区地下水硫酸盐来源的定量研究提供了一种新方法,为济南趵突泉泉域硫酸盐污染防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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氧循环是地球系统重要的生物化学循环之一,其变化对地球的宜居性有着重要影响。工业革命以来,由于人类活动的影响,现代氧循环相比地质年代的氧循环发生了巨大的变化。陆地氧循环过程在现代氧循环中具有举足轻重的作用。从陆地植被生态系统产氧、陆地燃料燃烧耗氧等方面对已有陆地氧循环过程研究进行了回顾,表明：(1)陆地过程的变化会直接造成大气氧气浓度的波动,对大气氧气浓度有预测作用;(2)陆地氧循环过程反映了生态系统对人类活动与气候变化的响应,对评估生态安全具有指示作用。通过探究陆地氧循环过程对气候变化与人类活动的反馈,有助于预测未来大气氧气浓度的变化,为未来区域发展政策制定提供参考。 相似文献
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岱海湖水盐度与氧同位素定量关系的建立 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在平衡条件下,从海水或湖水中析出的自生碳酸盐矿物的氧同位素组成是水体温度（ｔ）和水体氧同位素组成的函数,Ｆ,Ｇａｓｓｅ等人在前人研究的基础上给出了相应的关系式Ｔ（℃）＝１６．９－４．３８（＋０．２７）＋０．１＋０．２７（１）对于内陆封闭湖泊而言,湖水的氧同位素组成主要受控于湖区大气降水的氧同位素组成、汇水区大气降水量以及湖面的蒸发量。其中,大气降水的氧同位素组成在一定时间范围内可假设基本保持恒定,而汇水区大气降水量和湖面蒸发量可用湖水盐度指示,因此运用公式（１）计算古湖水温度的难点转化为：１）获… 相似文献
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结合一维圣维南方程及CSTR水质概念模型的机理,开发了平原环状河网非稳态水质模型,并用于温州市温瑞塘河水污染控制规划的编制中。模型由水文子模型和水质子模型两部分构成,描述了水体中COD、氨氮和DO浓度随时间、空间的动态变化。利用新开发的模型,采用试错法,估算了河网的水环境容量,并以此为基础确定了远、近期污染物排放控制目标;通过研究水质恢复的滞后性,提出可以采取引水冲污、人工曝气复氧等非常规措施来改善河网水质;并且利用情景分析方法,分别设定不同流量与不同开闸方式相组合的9种冲污情景,定量化探讨了引水冲污方案;根据曝气复氧对河网水质改善的作用特征,筛选出需要曝气复氧的重点河段和次重点河段。 相似文献
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保新室 《水文地质工程地质》1990,(1)
目前国内污水处理均采用传统方法处理,其工程投资巨大、运转费用昂贵,处理出水还需经一定时间自净,才允许排入地表水体。我们针对上述一系列问题,在保定市郊开展了污水土地处理中的快速入渗法处理,其处理结果,原污水中的污染质SS、COD、BOD_5、色度、氮、磷、等指标均呈几十倍到几百倍的下降。同时, 相似文献
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氮氧同位素在河流硝酸盐研究中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
多年来，世界各地河流普遍存在硝酸盐污染问题。为控制河流的硝酸盐污染，确定河水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究氮的循环过程就显得尤为重要。由于在不同成因下，硝酸盐的δ15N和δ18O存在着较大差异，因此利用氮、氧同位素方法研究河流硝酸盐问题正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。综述了用硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素来研究河流硝酸盐的不同来源(大气沉降、化肥、牲畜粪、土壤硝酸盐等)和示踪其地球化学循环过程，特别是反硝化过程，这两方面的研究进展，并对我国河流硝酸盐研究现状进行了讨论及提出今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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Based on the large scale land and resources survey project--groundwater contamination survey in southeast China, a certain polluted river and its typical sites along its bank were selected as research objectives. Such river is a comprehensive sewage channel for certain provincial capital city, with complicated types of pollutants. Based on the analysis on water level of horizonal and vertical hydrogeologic profile and water quality monitoring data, the impact and range of the polluted river on local groundwater were evaluated. Data show that the polluted river supplies water to underground aquifers throughout the year, which has great impact on groundwater horizontally, but different ions have different responses. Major influential indexes such as inorganic component 3-nitrogen, sulphate, chloride etc. present an obvious relevance, while iron, manganese, fluoride, arsenic and heavy metal and so on are less impacted. The first four indexes in groundwater are less impacted by the surface sewage because of their protogenesis, and heavy metal components become less due to sediment filtration. Data also show that deep groundwater is less influenced, on the contrary, ammonia nitrogen ion is obviously impacted. On the basis of influence degree as well as range of evaluation, some factors that caused the existing influence were discussed and proposes feasible study direction. 相似文献
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拉拉铜矿水环境质量评价及污染因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于矿山开采可持续发展及环境保护的需要,在对四川省拉拉铜矿矿区水环境进行实地调查的基础上,利用水质监测资料,依据国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),采用模糊数学方法对其水环境质量进行了综合评价。认为除尾矿水、生活污水极严重污染(类)外,其它水属清洁(类)。同时筛选出主要污染因子为来自尾矿水中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和来自生活污水中的氨氮及总磷,进一步探讨了污染物的来源、毒性及迁移规律。提出对泄漏的尾矿水可通过吸附、沉淀,除去金属毒物,对生活污水可通过离子交换法和吸附法除氮除磷,同时还应对矿山水环境加强监管的措施。 相似文献
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M. Parween AL. Ramanathan N. J. Raju 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(10):2109-2124
The present study aims at assessing water quality of river Yamuna in one of the world’s most polluted and populated megacities, Delhi. Conductivity, salinity and sodium content were within the permissible categories. Chloride concentration exceeded acceptable levels of drinking water guidelines. Water quality was poor at all locations with respect to heavy metal contamination, especially along the lower section of the Delhi stretch. Heavy metal concentrations were manifold higher than the acceptable limits of drinking water according to the BIS guidelines and reached ~29, 4.9, 10, 31, 27, 83, 7.3 and 27 times higher, respectively, for metals aluminum, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, lead, manganese and nickel. The Najafgarh and the Shahdara drains are major point sources. Low oxidation–reduction potential reflected high organic loads and traces of eutrophication together with significant levels of nitrate and total phosphate. Discharges from agriculture, sewage and power plants could be important sources of high metal concentration. This calls for urgent measures to be taken for prevention of metal contamination in the river, through both, technology as well as implementation of regulations in order to sustain huge populations in megacities like Delhi. Waste water treatment from point sources needs tremendous improvement on the city. Treatment of the entire waste generated up to the tertiary level is required for minimizing dissolved solids, especially toxic metals, and rendering reuse in agriculture suitable. Treatment plants need proper operation, maintenance, uninterrupted power supply and regular monitoring. Various measure and programmes need to be undertaken to ensure safe reuse of wastewater. 相似文献
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利用拉拉铜矿矿区水环境调查和水质监测资料,依据国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),采用模糊数学方法对矿区水环境质量进行了综合评价,认为除尾矿水、生活污水极严重污染(Ⅴ类)外,其他水属清洁(Ⅰ类);同时筛选出主要污染因子为来自尾矿水中的Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd和生活污水中的总氮、总磷,进一步探讨了污染物可能造成的环境危害.提出对泄漏的尾矿水可通过吸附、沉淀,除去金属毒物;对生活污水可通过离子交换法和吸附法除氮、除磷,同时还应对矿山水环境加强监管的措施. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(11):2138-2153
Recent geochemical and hydrological findings show that the water quality of the base flow of the Lower Jordan River, between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, is dependent upon the ratio between surface water flow and groundwater discharge. Using water quality data, mass-balance calculations, and actual flow-rate measurements, possible management scenarios for the Lower Jordan River and their potential affects on its salinity are investigated. The predicted scenarios reveal that implementation of some elements of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty will have negative effects on the Jordan River water salinity. It is predicted that removal of sewage effluents dumped into the river (∼13 MCM/a) will significantly reduce the river water’s flow and increase the relative proportion of the saline groundwater flux into the river. Under this scenario, the Cl content of the river at its southern point (Abdalla Bridge) will rise to almost 7000 mg/L during the summer. In contrast, removal of all the saline water (16.5 MCM/a) that is artificially discharged into the Lower Jordan River will significantly reduce its Cl concentration, to levels of 650–2600 and 3000–3500 mg/L in the northern and southern areas of the Lower Jordan River, respectively. However, because the removal of either the sewage effluents or the saline water will decrease the river’s discharge to a level that could potentially cause river desiccation during the summer months, other water sources must be allocated to preserve in-stream flow needs and hence the river’s ecosystem. 相似文献
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Jinzhu Ma Feng Pan Jiahua He Lihua Chen Sujing Fu Bing Jia 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1769-1782
The possible sources of water pollution and the evolution of water quality in the Malian River Basin of China’s Longdong Loess Plateau were studied based on chemical analysis. Concentrations of major chemicals in the river were related to the distance downstream from the source of the river and the surface water in the upstream had good quality, while the river from Southern Huanxian County to Qingcheng County was seriously polluted. Groundwater quality was generally good in the phreatic aquifer beneath the loess plateau, with bicarbonate and calcium dominant, but salinity was high and petroleum pollution was present in many parts of the study area. Both surface water and groundwater quality have declined rapidly during the past 20 years, leading to much of the water unsafe to drink and unsuitable for use in irrigation. The substances released into the water included industrial wastes, domestic sewage, organic and inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as a range of other substances that are harmful to humans. However, petroleum contamination caused by the oil industry in the Longdong oilfield is the largest source of pollution that infiltrates surface water and groundwater, leading to deterioration of water quality. It is recommended that oilfield management must be improved and the petroleum products and wastes must be disposed carefully to reduce the risk of further spills and pollution. 相似文献
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工业废水和城市生活污水的大量排放,已使安帮河的水质恶化.水质监测结果表明,安帮河水为严得污染水,并已危害地下水水源地,而且还有进一步发展的趋势.因此文中指出,治理安帮河污染已是刻不容缓,否则双鸭山市将成为缺水城市. 相似文献