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[摘 要] IOCG 矿床是近些年来被认知的一种重要矿床类型,因其巨大的经济和理论研究价值受到
国内外矿业界和学术界的重视。海南石碌铁钴铜(金)矿床在构造环境、与岩浆岩的关系、矿体特征、元
素和矿物组合、围岩蚀变等方面与国外典型的IOCG 矿床有相似之处。该矿床处于大陆边缘拉张的裂
谷环境,早期火山沉积岩为成矿提供初始矿源,后期侵入岩对成矿具有重要的改造富集作用,矿体基本
呈层状、似层状及少量脉状产于石碌群第六层中,一般铁矿体在上,钴铜矿体在下,具Fe-Cu-Co( -Au)
多元素组合,铁氧化物主要为赤铁矿,蚀变以透辉石化、透闪石化为主;在成矿时代方面区别于多数产在
元古宙的IOCG 矿床,而是经历了新元古代海相火山喷流沉积阶段、加里东期区域变质阶段、海西-印支
期热液改造阶段和燕山晚期热液改造阶段。文章认为石碌铁钴铜(金)矿床不仅与IOCG 矿床有较多相
似之处,与国内内蒙古白云鄂博铁稀土铌矿床、四川拉拉铜铁金钴钼稀土矿床、新疆乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿
床、云南迤纳厂铁铜稀土矿床和东川稀矿山铁铜矿床等也有相似之处。因此,在中国开展寻找IOCG 矿
床尤其是大型矿床,是很有前景的。 相似文献
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氧化铁型铜-金（IOCG）矿床的地质特征、成因机理与找矿模型 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
氧化铁型铜－金（IOCG）矿床主要指那些铁氧化物含量大于20％的铜－金矿床,其成矿理论研究和找矿勘查倍受国内外地质学家所关注。笔者对国外重要IOCG矿床地质特征进行了总结,同时,对其成矿作用和找矿模型进行了讨论。初步研究结果表明,尽管单一铁矿床和IOCG矿床同属氧化型成矿体系,但是它们分别为该体系的两个端元组分．因此．不应该将单一铁矿床列入IOCG矿床之列。另外,根据对澳大利亚IOCG矿床野外考察时所获经验,笔者对中国新疆、云南、安徽、四川和海南等省（区）铁－铜矿床的产出环境、地质特征和成矿作用进行了对比分析,其中雅满苏、天湖、老山口、乔夏哈拉、大红山、鹅头厂、拉拉、大小岭和石碌矿床与典型IOCG矿床存在许多相似之处,它们是否可划属为IOCG矿床尚值得进一步工作。 相似文献
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对乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿床的成矿构造环境，各研究者尚存在不同意见。其中，认为其产于洋中脊环境，类似于塞浦路斯型的块状硫化物矿床的观点得到了不少学者的认同。文章通过对乔夏哈拉矿床所赋存的中泥盆统北塔山组（D2b）地层中发现的化石、地层的岩石组合和地球化学特征的分析，判断乔夏哈拉矿床的成矿构造环境不是洋中脊环境，类似于塞浦路斯型矿床。 相似文献
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东准噶尔北缘和东天山雅满苏带是中国新疆北部地区两个重要的晚古生代铁氧化物-铜-金矿化潜力区,以老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床作为典型矿床代表。研究表明两区域的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床均产出于盆地闭合的弧盆转化体系下,且具有明显的铁、铜-金两阶段矿化。卤族元素和稀有气体同位素作为可靠的流体示踪剂,被应用于探究这一特定构造环境下的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化和矿床成因。结果显示老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床的成矿流体具有明显的混合流体端员特征:(1)岩浆流体端员,主要参与黑尖山矿床磁铁矿阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和40Ar/36Ar比值分别为(16.3~18.0)×10-6、(1.03~1.06)×10-3和352~437;(2)海水表源蒸发成因盐卤水端员,主要参与老山口矿床铜-金矿化阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和40Ar/36Ar比值分别为(77.1~87.7)×10-6、(1.53~1.80)×10-3和672~883;(3)蒸发岩溶解或者深度水-岩反应成因的盐卤水/沉积岩地层水端员,主要参与到老山口、乔夏哈拉矿床的磁铁矿阶段以及黑尖山、乔夏哈拉矿床的铜-金矿化阶段,综合I/Cl、Br/Cl和40Ar/36Ar比值分别为(477~26 301)×10-6、(0.39~1.28)×10-3和288~510。明显的多阶段矿化和铜-金矿化阶段以非岩浆富Ca高盐度卤水为主的特征与世界范围内的IOCG型矿床极为相似,表明新疆北部的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床应为IOCG型矿床。 相似文献
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云南武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿床成矿流体与成矿作用 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿位于我国云南省中部,在大地位置上处于扬子板块西缘,康滇地轴云南段.其铁-稀土矿体主要以似层状、浸染状产出,铜金矿体以脉状、块状产于角砾岩内部和铁-稀土矿体内.根据围岩蚀变、矿物组合和矿化特征的差异,将其矿化作用划分为矿化前期、主矿化期和矿化后期三个成矿期,其中主成矿期又分为铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段和硫化物-金矿化阶段.流体包裹体岩相学特征、成分特征、同位素特征等研究表明,矿化前期为富含碱质和挥发分的高氧化性岩浆,具有高温(500～600℃)高压(150 ～ 200MPa)的特点并发生了流体不混熔,从而分离出高温高钠的岩浆热液,与围岩发生钠化反应后富铁;主矿化期铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段流体为中高温(170 ～550℃)中高压(75～ 155MPa),与围岩碳酸岩发生降压交代反应,导致铁质和稀土沉淀,并使碳酸岩脱水而演化为变质热液.主矿化期硫化物-金矿化阶段流体由岩浆热液变为变质热液,并与大气降水发生混合作用(均一温度120～360℃,压力31～112MPa),导致pH、Eh、fo2、fs等物理化学条件发生变化,流体中的铜、金不再以络合物的形式稳定与流体中,从而发生沉淀.至矿化后期,主要流体转化为单一低温(95 ～270℃)、低盐度(1.0％～17.9％ NaCleqv)的低温大气降水,矿化结束.武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿在具有铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG型)矿床的成矿环境、矿体特征、矿物组合、蚀变特征以及包裹体特征和流体演化成矿过程,属于滇中地区代表性IOCG矿床,具有重要的成矿理论和区域找矿意义. 相似文献
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铜厂铜-铁矿床是勉略宁矿集区具有代表性的矿床之一,主要由上部的铜厂铜矿床和下部的杨家坝铁矿床(铜厂铁矿床)组成。根据磁铁矿和硫化物的相对含量,铜厂铜-铁矿床的矿石可分为磁铁矿矿石、含硫化物磁铁矿矿石和硫化物矿石三类。系统的岩相学和矿相学研究表明,其矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿;矿石结构包括自形-半自形-他形粒状结构、交代残余结构和包含结构,矿石构造包括块状、浸染状、脉状和条带状构造。铜厂铜-铁矿床的围岩蚀变种类较多,且具有一定的分带性,上部铜矿体围岩蚀变以硅化、碳酸盐化和黑云母化为主,以石英、方解石和黑云母为主的蚀变矿物组合显示钾化特征;下部铁矿体围岩蚀变有钠长石化、蛇纹石化、滑石化、透闪石化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化等,以钠长石、蛇纹石、滑石、透闪石、方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、绿泥石、黑云母和磷灰石等为主的蚀变矿物组合显示钠化特征。铜厂铜-铁矿床中磁铁矿的TiO2含量小于1.72%,Al2O3含量小于1.81%,均显示热液磁铁矿的特征,结合铜矿石脉穿插铜厂闪长岩及二者突变接触的地质特征,说明铜厂铜-铁矿床的形成与热液活动密切相关。同时,铜厂铜-铁矿床形成于早古生代加里东期,勉略宁矿集区在该时期处于大陆裂谷的扩张环境中,与铁氧化物-铜-金(Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold,简称IOCG)矿床的形成环境类似。通过与典型IOCG矿床地质特征、矿化蚀变特征、矿物组合特征、矿物地球化学特征及大地构造背景的系统对比,初步提出铜厂铜-铁矿床应属于IOCG矿床。 相似文献
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国际上对IOCG型矿床的研究如火如荼,中国则刚刚起步。文章全面评述了IOCG型矿床的研究现状,包括IOCG型矿床的定义、全球时空分布特点、成矿环境、与成矿有关的岩浆岩、矿体形态特征及围岩蚀变、矿床的形成过程、找矿评价标志等。最后,文章从IOCG型矿床的角度,对中国某些矿床进行了思考,认为长江中下游宁芜和庐枞盆地内的玢岩铁矿可能属IOCG型矿床,河北邯邢铁矿和湖北大冶铁矿也有IOCG型矿床的某些特点。 相似文献
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Iron oxide-copper-gold deposits: an Andean view 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
Iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits, defined primarily by their elevated magnetite and/or hematite contents, constitute a broad, ill-defined clan related to a variety of tectono-magmatic settings. The youngest and, therefore, most readily understandable IOCG belt is located in the Coastal Cordillera of northern Chile and southern Peru, where it is part of a volcano-plutonic arc of Jurassic through Early Cretaceous age. The arc is characterised by voluminous tholeiitic to calc-alkaline plutonic complexes of gabbro through granodiorite composition and primitive, mantle-derived parentage. Major arc-parallel fault systems developed in response to extension and transtension induced by subduction roll-back at the retreating convergent margin. The arc crust was attenuated and subjected to high heat flow. IOCG deposits share the arc with massive magnetite deposits, the copper-deficient end-members of the IOCG clan, as well as with manto-type copper and small porphyry copper deposits to create a distinctive metallogenic signature.The IOCG deposits display close relations to the plutonic complexes and broadly coeval fault systems. Based on deposit morphology and dictated in part by lithological and structural parameters, they can be separated into several styles: veins, hydrothermal breccias, replacement mantos, calcic skarns and composite deposits that combine all or many of the preceding types. The vein deposits tend to be hosted by intrusive rocks, especially equigranular gabbrodiorite and diorite, whereas the larger, composite deposits (e.g. Candelaria-Punta del Cobre) occur within volcano-sedimentary sequences up to 2 km from pluton contacts and in intimate association with major orogen-parallel fault systems. Structurally localised IOCG deposits normally share faults and fractures with pre-mineral mafic dykes, many of dioritic composition, thereby further emphasising the close connection with mafic magmatism. The deposits formed in association with sodic, calcic and potassic alteration, either alone or in some combination, reveal evidence of an upward and outward zonation from magnetite-actinolite-apatite to specular hematite-chlorite-sericite and possess a Cu-Au-Co-Ni-As-Mo-U-(LREE) (light rare earth element) signature reminiscent of some calcic iron skarns around diorite intrusions. Scant observations suggest that massive calcite veins and, at shallower palaeodepths, extensive zones of barren pyritic feldspar-destructive alteration may be indicators of concealed IOCG deposits.The balance of evidence strongly supports a genetic connection of the central Andean IOCG deposits with gabbrodiorite to diorite magmas from which the ore fluid may have been channelled by major ductile to brittle fault systems for several kilometres vertically or perhaps even laterally. The large, composite IOCG deposits originated by ingress of the ore fluid to relatively permeable volcano-sedimentary sequences. The mafic magma may form entire plutons or, alternatively, may underplate more felsic intrusions, as witnessed by the ore-related diorite dykes, but in either case the origin of the ore fluid at greater, unobserved depths may be inferred. It is concluded that external 'basinal' fluids were not a requirement for IOCG formation in the central Andes, although metamorphic, seawater, evaporitic or meteoric fluids may have fortuitously contaminated the magmatic ore fluid locally. The proposed linkage of central Andean and probably some other IOCG deposits to oxidised dioritic magmas may be compared with the well-documented dependency of several other magmatic-hydrothermal deposit types on igneous petrochemistry. The affiliation of a spectrum of base-metal poor gold-(Bi-W-Mo) deposit styles to relatively reduced monzogranite-granodiorite intrusions may be considered as a closely analogous example.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann 相似文献
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Massive Sulphide Deposits Related to the Volcano-Passive Continental Margin in the Altay Region 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WANG Jingbin DENG Jiniu ZHANG Jinhong QIN KezhangBeijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources State Bureauof Nonferrous Metal Industry Andingmenwai Beijing Zhu Xiling 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(3):253-263
The Devonian volcano-passive continental margin in southern Altay is a significant volcanogenic massive sulphide metallogenic belt. Acidic volcanism has been dominant on the inner side of the volcano-passive continental margin, i.e., near the old land, resulting in a Pb-Zn metallogenic sub-belt, in which the ore deposits are hosted by sedimentary rocks in volcanic series, as represented by the large Koktal Pb-Zn deposits. In the central part of the margin far away from the old land, bimodal volcanic formations are well developed, forming volcanics-hosted Cu-Zn metallogenic sub-belts, e.g., the large-scale Ashele Cu-Zn deposit. The Qiaoxiahala sub-belt on the outer side of the margin near the ocean ridge is located at the spreading central trough, where ophiolite suites are developed. This type of deposits is rich in gold and copper, similar to the Cyprus-type Fe-Cu-Au metallogenic sub-belt in metallogenic environment (represented by the Qiaoxiahala medium-scale Fe-Cu-Au deposit). From the old land to th 相似文献
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智利科皮亚波GV地区侵入岩地球化学及年代学研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
智利北中部科皮亚波GV地区位于中生代铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床与斑岩铜矿过渡带。侵入岩体主要为辉长闪长岩、闪长岩、闪长斑岩、黑云母花岗岩、斑状花岗岩和二长岩。岩石地球化学特征说明该侵入岩体属于钙碱性、I型或磁铁矿系列,来源于深部上地幔。推测这些岩浆岩岩石组合形成于洋壳俯冲带,局部扩张与挤压转换导致弧后盆地萎缩封闭并快速抬升。岩浆侵入具有多期次活动,形成了多期次热液活动中心,并发育面型与脉带型蚀变矿化分带,地表具有寻找大型IOCG矿床前景。地表泥化-绿泥石-多孔状硅化网脉和含金银多金属铁锰碳酸盐化网脉发育,含金银多金属网脉状-带状和面型蚀变区揭示地表有浅成低温热液型金银多金属矿床;深部具有寻找隐伏斑岩型铜金矿床前景。今后需在该区加强蚀变矿化分带规律研究,进行深部找矿预测。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(3)
It is quite evident that it is not anomalous metal transport,nor unique depositional conditions,nor any single factor at the deposit scale,that dictates whether a mineral deposit becomes a giant or not.A hierarchical approach thus is required to progressively examine controlling parameters at successively decreasing scales in the total mineral system to understand the location of giant gold deposits in non-arc environments.For giant orogenic,intrusion-related gold systems(IRGS) and Carlin-type gold deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold(IOCG) deposits,there are common factors among all of these at the lithospheric to crustal scale.All are sited in giant gold provinces controlled by complex fundamental fault or shear zones that follow craton margins or,in the case of most Phanerozoic orogenic giants,define the primary suture zones between tectonic terranes.Giant provinces of IRGS,IOCG,and Carlin-type deposits require melting of metasomatized lithosphere beneath craton margins with ascent of hybrid lamprophyric to granitic magmas and associated heat flux to generate the giant province.The IRGS and IOCG deposits require direct exsolution of volatile-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids,whereas the association of such melts with Carlin-type ores is more indirect and enigmatic.Giant orogenic gold provinces show no direct relationship to such magmatism.forming from metamorphic fluids,but show an indirect relationship to lamprophyres that reflect the mantle connectivity of controlling first-order structures.In contrast to their province scale similarities,the different giant gold deposit styles show contrasting critical controls at the district to deposit scale.For orogenic gold deposits,the giants appear to have formed by conjunction of a greater number of parameters to those that control smaller deposits,with resultant geometrical and lithostratigraphic complexity as a guide to their location.There are few giant IRGS due to their inferior fluid-flux systems relative to orogenic gold deposits,and those few giants are essentially preservational exceptions.Many Carlin-type deposits are giants due to the exceptional conjunction of both structural and lithological parameters that caused reactive and permeable rocks,enriched in syngenetic gold,to be located below an impermeable cap along antiformal "trends".Hydrocarbons probably played an important role in concentrating metal.The supergiant Post-Betze deposit has additional ore zones in strain heterogeneities surrounding the pre-gold Goldstrike stock.All unequivocal IOCG deposits are giant or near-giant deposits in terms of gold-equivalent resources,partly due to economic factors for this relatively poorly understood,low Cu-Au grade deposit type.The supergiant Olympic Dam deposit,the most shallowly formed deposit among the larger IOCGs,probably owes its origin to eruption of volatile-rich hybrid magma at surface,with formation of a large maar and intense and widespread brecciation,alteration and Cu-Au-U deposition in a huge rock volume. 相似文献
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新疆准噶尔北缘乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿床成岩成矿时代 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿位于新疆准噶尔北缘,矿体赋存于中泥盆统北塔山组第三岩性段凝灰质砂岩、粉砂岩、大理岩、凝灰岩、玄武岩及安山岩中。铁矿体呈似层状、扁豆状或透镜状,铜金矿体产于铁矿体内及铁矿体下盘的绿帘石蚀变岩中,空间上与矿区广泛出露的闪长玢岩密切相关。对矿区闪长玢岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及绿帘石磁铁矿矿石、黄铜矿磁铁矿矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄进行了研究,闪长玢岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（377.6±1.4）Ma（MSDW=0.20）,4件样品的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为（377.7±5.9）383.1±5.4Ma,加权平均值为（380.1±2.7）Ma（MSDW=0.66）,等时线年龄为（377.4±4.3）Ma（MSDW=0.36）,表明乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿成矿时代与闪长玢岩侵入时代一致,均为中泥盆世晚期,矿床的形成与闪长玢岩有成因关系。辉钼矿样品的w（Re）为383.11 928μg/g,指示成矿物质主要来源于地幔,可能有地壳物质的加入。 相似文献
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铁氧化物-铜-金(Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold,IOCG)矿床是Hitzman et al.(1992)提出的一个新矿床类型。该概念的提出与澳大利亚Olympic Dam超大型矿床的发现有关,一定程度上促进了世界上同类新矿床的发现,引起工业界和学术界的广泛关注。中国IOCG矿床的研究起步较晚,在IOCG概念提出后很长一段时间内,并没有国内外公认的IOCG矿床报道。近年来,通过对一些Fe-Cu矿床的实例研究,目前已初步确立中国西南康滇地区、东准噶尔北缘和东天山阿齐山-雅满苏等Fe-Cu成矿带具有类似于IOCG的成矿特征,并且在矿床形成时代、机制及构造背景等成因问题上取得诸多进展。成矿时代上,康滇Fe-Cu成矿省形成于元古代,包括有～1. 65和～1. 0Ga两期主成矿事件,分别对应于区域上的两期板内岩浆作用,说明Fe-Cu矿化与大陆裂谷背景相关。东准噶尔北缘和东天山阿齐山-雅满苏成矿带均形成于古生代,分别为295～320Ma和～380Ma,被认为可能与陆缘盆地闭合有关。三个成矿带中Fe-Cu矿床围岩均为火山-沉积地层、均具有早期Fe矿化和晚期Cu矿化为主的特征且大部分矿床与同期侵入岩体没有明显空间关系,但在蚀变矿物组合及金属元素富集程度、流体特征等方面仍存在一些差别。例如康滇成矿省的蚀变组合以成矿前区域Na化、Fe矿化期Fe-Na-(Ca)化及铜矿化期K化和碳酸盐化等为特点;矿体在空间上常与大小不等的热液角砾岩筒共生;各矿床不同程度地富集REE、Mo、Au、Co等金属;成矿流体上早期以高温、中高盐度的岩浆热液为主,而成矿晚期则有更多非岩浆流体(盆地水、地层水或大气降水等)的加入。这些特点与世界上典型的IOCG矿床(特别是前寒武纪矿床)基本一致,因此目前为止,康滇成矿省作为中国的典型IOCG矿床而受国内外认可的程度相对较高。东准噶尔北缘与东天山阿齐山-雅满苏成矿带矿化特征较为相似,最新研究显示这些矿床中非岩浆流体(如盆地卤水、地层水等)对Fe-Cu矿化的贡献更大、成矿发生于陆缘盆地闭合期等,可能与南美中安第斯成矿带IOCG矿床更为类似。但是,部分矿床在成矿前均显示有明显的矽卡岩化,甚至个别矿床中矿体、岩体和矽卡岩具紧密时空关系而类似于矽卡岩矿床;多数矿床除Fe和Cu外,所含金属元素比较单一。这些特点一定程度上导致这两个矿带Fe-Cu矿床归属于矽卡岩还是IOCG矿床的问题上仍存在不少争议,尚待进一步的探索和讨论。基于目前的研究现状,本文也对中国IOCG矿床今后研究中值得关注的问题提出了一些设想和展望,包括不少矿床Fe-Cu矿化空间上分离的原因、不同地球化学行为差异较大的成矿元素(如Co、Ni与REE、U、Mo等)在矿床中均有富集的原因等方面。 相似文献
17.
新疆阿尔泰乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿床,与火山-沉积型铁矿床和矽卡岩型铁铜金矿床具有相似性.铁的主要来源为火山岩浆源,铜的来源为侵入体岩浆源和部分基性火山岩.铁矿石和铜矿石为两期成矿,属于不同的成矿机制,分别与火山-沉积作用和后期的热液叠加改造作用紧密相关.该矿床的成矿模式可概括为:在大量岩浆喷发、喷溢过程中,铁质在海水中富集并发生沉淀,形成似层状磁铁矿矿体;断裂的活动,致使中基性侵入体侵位,热液中的铜在一定环境中形成硫化物矿石,同时发生广泛的绿帘石矽卡岩化;矽卡岩阶段形成的磁铁矿叠加在原来的磁铁矿之上;断裂的再次活动,导致深部岩浆源含铜金矿液的上升,叠加定位于铁矿层及围岩新生裂隙带之中,形成浸染状和块状硫化物铜金矿石.研究表明,在准噶尔北缘向东南具有进一步找矿的潜力. 相似文献