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1.
国内外花岗岩研究的现状 :花岗岩体构造是花岗岩浆和岩体运动的产物。花岗岩体的侵位机制及其派生的构造是当代花岗岩地质学研究的前沿。大陆根 -柱构造是了解大陆动力学的钥匙 ,岩石探针被誉为研究壳幔性质与深部过程的新技术。它是当今大陆动力学研究的前沿科学 ,以往对花岗岩体侵位机制的研究多从岩相学、岩石学和地球化学方面入手 ,并不考虑围岩而只局限于对岩体本身的研究。近年来 ,流变学、现代变形理论和当代构造分析技术 ,尤其是应变分析技术的应用 ,加之把岩体侵位机制和围岩以及区域构造一起综合分析研究 ,国外已使花岗岩体的侵位… 相似文献
2.
为了分析望云山复式花岗岩体侵位时的动力学状态，对该岩体进行了岩石磁组构参数测定，磁化率的变化特征反映了望云山得式岩体侵位过程中构造环境的变化和单元岩石的暗色矿物组成及其性程度的高低；磁面理的产状与岩体形态和岩石单元分布相吻合，清晰地反映了不同构造单元岩浆侵位方式；磁线理指示岩体的侵位中心，线理表现形式不一，标示侵位方式与受构造应力的不同；晚期岩浆对早期岩浆中的磁线理有一定的改造作用，磁线理方向基本上反映了岩浆原始流动状态；从磁化率椭球参数可以看出岩浆侵位的应变状态；岩浆应力场分布体现了岩浆侵位方式及其所处构造环境，岩体岩石磁组构参数佐证了区域构造,围岩构造及岩体内部其他构造所反映的岩体侵位机制。 相似文献
3.
一般认为,在伸展拉张构造环境中花岗岩体“被动”定位,在挤压环境中“主动”定位。而本文研究显示,亚干变质核杂岩同伸展构造花岗岩体仍显示有较强的主动侵位作用。这些岩体发育同心状单元分布型式、边强中弱的应变型式,特别是围岩同侵位变形。围岩的应变分析表明,围岩韧性压缩大约提供了现今岩体16％～24％的定位空 相似文献
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5.
五台花岗－绿岩带中王家会花岗质深成岩体中普遍发育的片麻理、矿物线理等内部构造是岩浆侵位晚期岩体处于宾厄姆体状态下形成的流动变形构造。它们切割了捕虏体中的先存构造，但岩体对围岩的作用较弱，且岩体与围岩间不存在强变形带。围岩至少经历了三期区域变形和两期区域变质作用。研究认为：五台运动末期，阜平古陆与恒山古陆发生的碰撞，造成了深部走滑作用和活动带中地层（五台群）褶皱，为岩浆的形成、演化提供了构造环境，并为其定位提供了空间。因此．我们提出了一种花岗绿岩带中花岗岩定位的新机制──深部地壳块体间走滑作用控制花岗岩体定位模式。 相似文献
6.
采用Rf /φ法对姑婆山-花山花岗岩基及其热接触变质围岩进行了系统的应变测量,共测量了153个三维有限应变测量点、1.5万余个应变标志体。结果表明：（1）姑婆山-花山花岗岩基热接触变质围岩和早期侵位的牛庙、杨梅山独立侵入体及里松和望高单元以压扁型应变为主,晚期侵位的新路单元则为拉长型应变。（2）姑婆山-花山花岗岩基的平均应变强度和平均压缩率均小于热接触变质围岩的平均应变强度和平均压缩率,且岩基内从早期单元到晚期单元（除新路单元外）平均应变强度和平均压缩率均逐渐减小;热接触变质围岩内应变强度和压缩率向岩基接触面方向递增,存在较明显的应变强度梯度和压缩率梯度。另外岩基南侧以碳酸盐岩为主的热接触变质围岩的压缩率远高于北侧以碎屑岩为主的围岩压缩率。（3）姑婆山-花山花岗岩基应变型式表现为近接触变质围岩及各花岗岩单元边部的应变椭圆长轴多与接触界线相协调,最小主应变轴与接触界线多呈大角度相交;各单元中部的应变椭圆展布则比较凌乱、定向性不明显。上述特征表明,姑婆山-花山花岗岩浆的多期脉动侵位在岩体及其围岩内产生较强的应变叠加,而岩浆内部的主动侵位动力应是造成岩体及其热接触变质围岩变形的主要动力,且在岩浆多次脉动侵位过程中,岩体内早期单元及其围岩主要遭受的是径向挤压作用。 相似文献
7.
岩浆动力学与花岗岩研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了花岗岩的岩浆动力学研究的主要方面及基本思路,包括岩体的构造样式与侵位机制、侵位后的热历史和热状态以及岩浆起源和演化的机理等问题。同时表明,对这些问题的研究,还有助于深化对花岗岩形成的构造背景及其与成矿关系的认识。 相似文献
8.
南岭九龙脑矿田淘锡坑钨矿是赣南地区典型的石英脉型黑钨矿床,受断裂构造与花岗岩体控制。本文通过8个中段坑道填图,结合地表钻和坑内钻揭露,对含矿石英脉、矿脉组、矿体以及成矿花岗岩体的几何形态、结构构造进行仔细观测,统计矿脉及成矿后断裂产状并进行构造解析。淘锡坑黑钨矿石英脉矿体整体呈平直长板状,具有尖灭侧现,单脉之间以左行斜列为主,而矿脉组呈菱形网格状排列等特征;花岗岩体呈矩形块状、阶梯状。岩突以顶蚀和岩墙扩展两种方式由南东向北西侵位。矿床为多期多阶段的成岩成矿,断裂对花岗岩的侵位与成矿起到主导控制作用。本文综合分析并构建了淘锡坑钨矿构造-岩浆的成矿演化模式,即区域构造应力作用生成共轭断裂构造网格体系,然后岩浆侵位上拱被共轭断裂切割的"几何体"围岩移位而侵位,并沿共轭断裂体系内充填云英岩脉、含矿石英脉体,完成一次成岩成矿作用;区域构造再次活动使围岩与花岗岩体发生断裂,并再次诱导岩浆侵位,在早期花岗岩体和围岩内断裂中形成矿体和云英岩脉体,从而形成内带和外带含矿石英脉;成岩成矿后区域构造小规模错动、破坏岩脉与矿脉,但未改变岩脉矿脉的整体展布。 相似文献
9.
花岗岩研究与大陆动力学 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
花岗岩是大陆地壳的主要物质组成之一 ,蕴含着探索大陆动力学的重要信息。成因研究特别是混合成因研究可以提供探索大陆结构、生长及壳幔相互作用演化的信息 ;花岗岩形成演化揭示了构造动力学演化、大陆动力学演化及壳幔相互作用演化的某些特点 ;岩浆上升、迁移是大陆内部能量传播、物质迁移和调整的一种形式 ;岩浆的聚集及岩体生产方式与大陆块体运动学、动力学密切相关 ;岩体定时、定位对大陆块体时空定位提供了限制条件 ;变形岩体可作为区域应变标志体和时间标志体 ,研究大陆的变形 ,并有助于古老块体早期构造的解析。这些研究涉及到大陆的形成、演化、内部物质再分配、热动力效应和构造变动等动力学等问题 ,是花岗岩研究与大陆动力学研究的结合点。 相似文献
10.
以前有关深成岩体的侵位研究都试图解释岩体侵位空间如何形成。事实上，幔源岩浆侵位期间在地壳中“制造空间”的途径不外乎；（１）莫霍面降低；（２）地球表面外移。其它的“岩体侵位机制”均是不增加地壳体积的物质迁移作用（ＭＴＰｓ）。得到广泛引用的“同心带状气球膨胀岩体”侵位时的ＭＴＰｓ是岩体附近围岩的韧性流动。这类深成岩体附近可能形成的构造和总应变与岩体的三维形态、接触变质带的宽度以及岩体是否为刺穿底辟有关 相似文献
11.
V. J. Morand 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):339-353
The Wyangala Batholith, in the Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales, is pre‐tectonic with respect to the deformation that caused the foliation in the granite, and was emplaced during a major thermal event, perhaps associated with dextral shearing, during the Late Silurian to Early Devonian Bowning Orogeny. This followed the first episode of folding in the enclosing Ordovician country rocks. Intrusion was facilitated by upward displacement of fault blocks, with local stoping. Weak magmatic flow fabrics are present. After crystallization of the granite, a swarm of mafic dykes intruded both the granite and country rock, possibly being derived from the same tectonic regime responsible for emplacement of the Wyangala Batholith. A contact aureole surrounding the granite contains cordierite‐biotite and cordierite‐andalusite assemblages. Slaty cleavage produced in the first deformation was largely obliterated by recrystallization in the contact aureole. Postdating granite emplacement and basic dyke intrusion, a second regional deformation was accompanied by regional metamorphism ranging from lower greenschist to albite‐epidote‐amphibolite facies, and produced tectonic foliations, termed S and C, in the granite, and a foliation, S2, in the country rocks. Contact metamorphic rocks underwent retrogressive regional metamorphism at this time. S formed under east‐west shortening and vertical extension, concurrently with S2. C surfaces probably formed concurrently with S and indicate reverse fault motion on west‐dipping ductile shear surfaces. The second deformation may be related to Devonian or Early Carboniferous movement on the Copperhannia Thrust east of the Wyangala Batholith. 相似文献
12.
The Old Woman Mountains in south-eastern California are a Late Cretaceous low-pressure metamorphic terrane where multiple magmatic intrusions generated broad regions of elevated metamorphic temperatures. In the Scanlon Gulch area, two sheet-like, Late Cretaceous granitoid plutons are in contact with the Scanlon shear zone, a 1-km-thick sheet of isoclinally folded and transposed metamorphic rocks. The metaluminous Old Woman granodiorite underlies the shear zone and the peraluminous Sweetwater Wash granite overlies it. Both plutons record emplacement ages of ∼74 Ma. Thermobarometry and phase relations in the shear zone suggest that peak metamorphism was at 650 ± 50† C and 4.3 ± 0.5 kbar. Late Cretaceous metamorphic temperatures were less elsewhere in the Old Woman Mountains, away from the intrusions.
One-dimensional thermal models are used to investigate how differences in the time between the emplacement of plutons would affect the thermal evolution of the central Old Woman Mountains. The prediction of a thermal history inferred from petrological and thermochronological data requires the rapid emplacement of the two plutons around the shear zone; simulations with delays of more than 1 Myr in the emplacement of the second pluton failed to predict peak metamorphic temperatures. Calculations which consider only the emplacement of a single pluton yield metamorphic temperatures that are too low. The time separating the intrusions is by far the most sensitive parameter in the calculations; assumptions concerning the treatment of the initial geothermal gradient and the latent heat of crystallization have relatively small effects on the predicted thermal histories. Our results suggest that for certain geometries, relatively short-lived magmatic events involving rapid emplacement of multiple intrusions can produce low-pressure metamorphism. 相似文献
One-dimensional thermal models are used to investigate how differences in the time between the emplacement of plutons would affect the thermal evolution of the central Old Woman Mountains. The prediction of a thermal history inferred from petrological and thermochronological data requires the rapid emplacement of the two plutons around the shear zone; simulations with delays of more than 1 Myr in the emplacement of the second pluton failed to predict peak metamorphic temperatures. Calculations which consider only the emplacement of a single pluton yield metamorphic temperatures that are too low. The time separating the intrusions is by far the most sensitive parameter in the calculations; assumptions concerning the treatment of the initial geothermal gradient and the latent heat of crystallization have relatively small effects on the predicted thermal histories. Our results suggest that for certain geometries, relatively short-lived magmatic events involving rapid emplacement of multiple intrusions can produce low-pressure metamorphism. 相似文献
13.
Abstract Petrological study of highly strained carbonate and pelitic rocks within the contact aureole surrounding the western part of the Papoose Flat pluton yields thermal profiles (plots of metamorphic temperature versus distance) across the aureole that show temperature gradients which are relatively flat and narrow (<100m). The gradients occur close to the contact and indicate a slight decrease in temperature from 500–550°C at the pluton/wall rock contact to 450–500°C at the outer margin of the aureole. One thermal profile across low-strain metasedimentary rocks located in the southern part of the aureole shows that thermal effects from emplacement extend no further than 600 m from the contact. Coexistence of andalusite and cordierite in pelitic rocks of the aureole constrain pressures to <4 kbar. Thermal modelling using an analytical solution of the conductive heat flow equation for a rectangular-shaped pluton reproduces the observed thermal maxima and profile shape. Conductive rather than convective cooling also is supported by isotopic and field evidence for limited fluid flow along the strongly deformed margin of the pluton. Simple thermal models coupled with observed high-temperature deformation features and a measured 90% attenuation of stratigraphic units in the plastically deformed western part of the pluton's aureole indicate that strain rates may have been of the order of 10-12 s-1. Evidence for episodic heating, such as two distinct generations of andalusite growth in pelites from the aureole, alternatively may indicate a longer heating event and, therefore, slower strain rates. Thermal models also indicate that parts of the pluton still may have been above the solidus during deformation of the pluton margin and aureole. 相似文献
14.
The Nisa-Alburquerque granitic batholith (southern Variscan Belt, Iberian Peninsula) has been studied by petrological, structural
and geophysical approaches, obtaining contrasting models for its deep structure and emplacement sequence. In order to test
these models and gain knowledge on the thermal increase induced by the intrusion, we have studied its contact aureole, which
was developed in similar country rock lithologies (mica schists alternating with metasandstones and feldespatic schists) all
along the northern external contact of the batholith. Our results indicate no change in metamorphic grade and some variations
in aureole width, which narrows toward the western sectors of the batholith. Cordierite is the only contact metamorphic mineral
developed together with a high temperature biotite probably related to the granite thermal input. By considering these new
data, together with zircon saturation temperatures within the granite and previous petrological and geophysical studies, we
propose a model in which the feeder zones of the granitic magmas were an eastern main one and a western secondary one. We
have also made comparisons of the metamorphic grade in the country rocks and the xenoliths within the granite. Most of the
xenoliths have the same metamorphic facies as the country rocks (Crd-zone), though some of them contain slightly different
assemblages (And + Crd), which could be explained in different ways: (1) differences in the primary schist compositions, (2)
increased time-span of xenoliths in contact with the melt and (3) xenolith incorporation at slightly higher depths during
final granite ascent. 相似文献
15.
地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过对凤凰山岩体接触带的变质与变形特征、显微构造及变形缩短量的计算 ,分析了凤凰山岩体侵位与接触带变形及区域变形的关系。通过接触带变质矿物变形特征的研究 ,揭示了热变质作用与侵位变形的同时性 ;接触带构造变形研究表明 ,岩体周围发育的流变褶皱、韧性剪切带、压溶缝合线等与岩体左旋上升与汽球膨胀侵位有关 ;围岩缩短量的计算结果表明 ,岩体侵位过程造成强烈的围岩缩短是一种强力侵位机制。研究表明 ,凤凰山岩体侵位是在区域NNE向水平左旋剪切应力场作用下完成的。岩体接触带变形是NNE向水平左旋剪切应力与横向推挤的侵位应力联合作用下形成的。 相似文献
16.
WANG Tao ZHENG Yadong LI Tianbing GAO Yongjun MA Mingbo Department of Geology Peking University Beijing Geological Survey of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Yinchuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(1):81-88
It is generally considered that granitic plutons are forcefully emplaced in a compressional setting and permissively emplaced in an extensional setting. This paper, however, shows that syn-kinematic (extensional) elliptic granitic plutons in the Yagan-Onch Hayrhan metamorphic core complex (MCC) have relatively strong forceful emplacement, which are indicated by (1) concentric distribution of the rock units, (2) a strain pattern with strong strains on the margins and low strains at the centre of a pluton, and particularly (3) syn-emplacement shortening of the host rocks within the aureole. The strain analysis for the host rocks shows that the host-rock ductile shortening, i.e. forceful emplacement, provides about 16-24% of the emplacement space for the present plutons. All these suggest that forceful emplacement occurs not only in a compressional tectonic setting, but also in an extensional setting. This study further demonstrates the significance of the multiple emplacement of granitic plutons and provi 相似文献
17.
北京云蒙山岩浆杂岩体的岩石学和构造变形特征 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
位于北京市东北部的云蒙山岩浆杂岩体由十余个侵入体组成 ,它们普遍遭受了强烈韧性变形改造 ,与太古宇杂岩和变形变质的中 上元古代沉积岩共同卷入了云蒙山背形的构造系统中。野外调查和对岩石薄片的观察表明 ,岩浆杂岩体中各侵入体均具有变形变质特征 ,主要造岩矿物间具有明显的交代关系。虽然各侵入体在形成时代上存在明显的先后关系 ,但它们具有的片麻状构造是共同的 ,并且与围岩的变形是统一而协调的。这表明云蒙山岩浆杂岩体的片麻理不是岩体侵位时形成的 ,而是在岩体冷凝固结后受到构造变形作用改造的结果。即杂岩体侵位与其发育的片麻理构造所反映的变形事件在时间上存在明显差距。根据同位素年代学资料 ,岩浆侵位发生在燕山中期 ;但其与围岩一起卷入云蒙山背形构造系统的变形事件发生得较晚 ,可能形成于燕山晚期。云蒙山杂岩体中长英质侵入体的矿物学特征表明其在侵位后曾经历麻粒岩相区域变质作用 ,而在燕山晚期随变质核杂岩下盘的抬升又经历了角闪岩相退变质作用。云蒙山岩浆杂岩体可以代表燕山造山带新生的中部地壳的部分岩石组合 相似文献
18.
武功山热穹隆,以加里东造山期复式花岗岩为中心,南华一寒武系遭受区域变质形成变质矿物分带,环绕岩体分布,中生代以来伸展形成的韧脆性断裂系统构成外环,共同组合形成穹窿状构造。造山早期（463．2±2．3Ma）,初始重熔岩浆与深埋变质围岩交代形成原地型英云闪长质“混染岩浆”,岩浆上升中,硅铝质组分加入使酸度增加,过渡为花岗闪长质岩浆,并产生岩体边缘混合岩。造山晚期（409．4±5．1Ma）演化为正常花岗岩,构成同源岩浆成分演化序列,并伴有明显构造应力变形。中生代伸展一岩浆作用的复合叠加,进一步强化了热穹窿的构造背景,大致在早白垩世末基本定型。 相似文献
19.
The Cadomian basement of the Teplá–Barrandian unit is characterized by a classic Barrovian-type metamorphism, the degree of which increases considerably towards the west reaching amphibolite facies conditions in the Domaz?lice crystalline complex (DCC). The number and volume of plutons also increases towards the west. The emplacement ages of the Te?s?ovice granite and the Mrac?nice trondhjemite have been determined at 521.7±2?Ma and 523+4/–5?Ma, respectively, applying conventional U–Pb analyses of zircons. Pervasive high-temperature prolate fabrics and north-/northwest-dipping, dextral oblique-slip shear zones within the Mrac?nice trondhjemite suggest a synkinematic melt emplacement within a Lower Cambrian transtensional setting. Transtension is probably related to early-stage rifting that introduced the separation of the Teplá–Barrandian unit (as part of Armorica) from Gondwana. Structural and petrological data of the country rocks show that the Barrovian-type metamorphism and two deformation stages (D1 with unknown kinematics and D2 top-to-the-north shearing) are older than the melt emplacement, and thus can be attributed to the Cadomian orogeny. The intrusion depth of both plutons is nearly the same (ca. 7?km), although the degree of Barrovian-type metamorphism differs significantly within the country rocks. This suggests late Cadomian eastward tilting of the metamorphic isograd planes. The weak post-plutonic, lower-greenschist to subgreenschist facies folding and thrusting result from Variscan northwest/southeast compression. 相似文献