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冀北燕山期三个系列花岗质岩石的地球化学特征及其成因学意义 总被引：21，自引：8，他引：13
燕山期花岗质岩石广泛出露在冀北地区,从中可以识别出碱钙性、过铝质和碱质三个岩石系列。本文系统报道了它们的产状、岩类学、主要元素、痕量元素、稀土元素、年代学和ＩＳｒ资料;重点讨论了它们的地球化学特征和成因类型问题。碱钙性岩石系列主要由石英二长闪长岩元素、二长花岗岩元素、正长花岗岩构成;ＳｉＯ２含量变化范围是６２％～７５％;Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ在７．６３％～８．８８％之间;Ａ／ＣＮＫ＜１．０５,ＣＡ指数５５。过铝质系列由流纹斑岩为代表,具有高硅（ＳｉＯ２＞７３％）、富钾低钠（Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ为１．４４～９．１３）、过铝质（Ａ／ＣＮＫ是１．１７～１．４３）的特点。碱性系列的岩石组合是碱长正长岩（碱长粗面岩）－碱性石英正长岩（碱流岩）－碱性花岗岩（碱性流纹质熔结凝灰岩）。它们的ＳｉＯ２含量变化于５７％～７７％之间,Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２Ｏ分别大于９％、４％、５％,ＮＫ／Ａ为０．９～１．１２。以过铝质、碱钙性和碱性为序,三个岩石系列的Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、ＲＥＥ含量依序增高,显示出明显的区别。上述特征表明,三个岩石系列的性质和特征明显不同,分别属于三种岩石成因类型。 相似文献
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大别山金鸡寨花岗岩体岩石化学特征及侵位机制初步探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
】大别山金鸡寨花岗岩体位于大别山碰撞造山带东端,紧邻郯庐断裂,是由碱长石英正长岩和碱长花岗岩组成。这两种岩石的组成矿物均为碱性长石、石英、斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、磁铁矿及副矿物榍石、磷灰石,但矿物含量不同。它们的岩石化学特征也不相同：（１）碱长石英正长岩中常量元素的平均含量（ｗｔ％）ＳｉＯ２为６７．１１％,Ａｌ２Ｏ３为１７％,Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ为１０．９７％,其中Ｋ２Ｏ＞Ｎａ２Ｏ,微量、稀土元素均较富集,但高场强元素、轻稀土含量及ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ均大于碱长花岗岩中的相应数值。（２）碱长花岗岩中常量元素的平均含量（ｗｔ％）ＳｉＯ２为７５．１３％,Ａｌ２Ｏ３为１３％,Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ为８．２３％,其中Ｋ２Ｏ＞Ｎａ２Ｏ,微量、稀土元素含量较高,但大离子亲石元素、重稀土元素含量则大于碱长石英正长岩中的含量。根据野外调查、岩石学特征及常量、微量、稀土元素研究表明,这两种岩石是同一岩浆不同演化阶段的产物,是于造山后形成的Ａ型花岗岩,其形成经历了部分熔融和结晶分异两个阶段,源岩可能来自于北大别变质杂岩。金鸡寨岩体的侵位是以“半汽球”膨胀机制进行的,并与龙井关断裂密切相关。 相似文献
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吉乃县塔斯特岩体地质地球化学特征及含矿性评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
塔斯特岩体由石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩组成。岩石均具有高Ｎａ低Ｋ,Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｈｆ、Ｋ／Ｒｂ偏高,Ｋ２Ｏ、ＣａＯ、ＦｅＯ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｂ、∑ＲＥＥ、δ＾１８Ｏ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ明显偏低的特点。岩石化学和地球化学特征表明该岩体为形成于火山弧环境的“Ｉ”型花岗岩。岩体中Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ａｓ、Ｂｉ、Ｃｕ等成矿元素明显富集,并与该岩体中金矿床、矿点的元素组合一致,说明该岩体与Ａｕ的成 相似文献
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青藏高原西部喜马拉雅期花岗岩类特征及岩石系列 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
青藏高原西部喜马拉雅期花岗岩类岩石组合为透辉石正长岩－透辉石花岗岩－黑云母（二长）花岗岩,主要造岩矿物有钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母、透辉石和角闪石。岩石化学成分富碱、高钾、Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值大,微量元素富集Ｒｂ,Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ和ＬＲＥＥ,Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成具有幔源特征,岩石属于钾玄岩（ｓｈｏｓｈｏｎｉｔｅ）系列。 相似文献
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嵩山A型花岗岩的地质地球化学特征和构造环境 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、ＲＥＥ等方面讨论了嵩山古元古代钾长花岗岩体的地质地球化学特征，结果表明这些岩体属于Ａ型花岗岩，其ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｆ、Ｇａ、Ｈｆ、Ｒｂ、Ｙ、Ｃｏ、Ｇａ／Ａｌ、ＲＥＥ高，Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｖ、Ｔｈ低，Ｅｕ为０．１５～０．２７，Ａ／ＣＮＫＭ＜１．１０，这些岩体是与古元古代熊耳群火山岩相伴生的钾质侵入岩，两者均形成于非造山的大陆裂谷环境，表明华北陆台南缘在古元古代晚期处于拉张的非造山构造环境。 相似文献
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扬子克拉通北缘的铁船山岩体形成于新元古代，其岩石类型为霓石－钠铁门石花岗岩，岩石富碱质、Ｓｔ、Ｆｅ、ＲＥＥ和高场强元素，而贫Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ等组分，δＥｕ＝０．２０，Ａ／ＫＮＣ＝０．８５，Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝１．０９，Ａ·Ｒ＝９．２８，岩石属典型的Ａ型花岗岩，Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ和Ｏ同位素示踪反映其成岩物质来自于壳幔混合源区。根据区域地质背景的综合分析，岩体形成于活动陆缘的张裂构造环境，属活动板块边缘拉张型花岗岩。 相似文献
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内蒙古宝音图晚二叠世—晚三叠世花岗岩岩石化学特征及其构造环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宝音图花岗岩基位于华北地台北缘西段,针对其中牙马图岩体、罕乌拉岩体及布格道苏绍崩岩体等的岩石地球化学研究与年代学测定,结果表明岩体时代分别为261Ma±1.3 Ma,220.9 Ma±0.3 Ma和204.9 Ma±5.9 Ma,系晚二叠世—晚三叠世侵入岩体,其岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,其中晚二叠世花岗闪长岩Na2O/K2O平均值为2.06,A/CNK为0.96~1.15,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)平均值为1.9,总体属过铝质钙碱性岩;晚三叠世花岗岩Na2O/K2O平均值为0.82,A/CNK为0.92~1.16,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)为2.18,属过铝质钙碱性岩。岩石化学构造环境分析表明,晚二叠世—晚三叠世早期岩浆活动是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧性质的闪长岩类和花岗岩类,而晚三叠世晚期岩浆作用是与之有关的造山晚期陆缘花岗岩类。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献