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普光、元坝和龙岗等多个大、中型天然气田的发现,揭示了川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组环开江-梁平陆棚东西两侧和城口-鄂西陆棚西侧台缘礁、滩带具有巨大油气勘探潜力。勘探实践证实不同部位台缘带的气藏特点及相关礁、滩沉积和储层特征均具有明显差异性。文中在层序地层学、沉积学和储层评价等研究基础上对这些差异性开展了分析工作。川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组识别出两个三级层序,它们均由海侵和高位体系域构成,总体表现为水体向上变浅序列。研究区内不同部位的台缘带沉积和储层具有明显的差异,长兴期环开江-梁平陆棚东西两侧台缘地貌相近,铁厂河-普光-高峰场台缘带具加积为主、台缘斜坡陡、滩薄、生物礁发育的特点,上部白云岩化强;元坝-龙岗台缘带具前积和侧积明显、斜坡略缓、礁和滩均发育的特点,礁滩上部白云岩化强,孔隙型储层发育且物性较好;飞仙关期台缘不对称性明显,铁厂河-普光-高峰场台缘带仍以加积型为主,飞二段鲕滩发育,白云岩化强,孔隙型储层发育,具有储层厚度大和物性好的特点;元坝-龙岗台缘带飞二段发育鲕滩,但滩厚度薄、白云岩化弱,以孔隙型储层为主,储层物性略差。宣汉盘龙洞-见天坝长兴组台缘生物礁滩相及飞二段台缘鲕滩发育,白云岩化强,易于形成较好的储层。通过综合分析研究认为不同部位台缘带沉积及储层分布明显受同沉积古地貌、白云岩化强度、断裂、埋藏期成岩作用和流体活动等综合因素控制。 相似文献
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四川盆地普光气田在近期获得重大突破,普光气田礁滩复合型气藏物质聚集模式及储层特征的深入研究对于川东北地区乃至整个四川盆地的碳酸盐岩有利勘探区的预测具有一定的指导意义。受开江—梁平台盆(inter-platform basin)的控制,普光地区长兴组—飞仙关组在台盆东侧发育了类似于威尔逊相模式的碳酸盐岩沉积体系,主要发育台地蒸发岩、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩、斜坡和台盆沉积相,但陆棚相不甚发育。古地理的分异主要围绕开江—梁平台盆的发育、发展及填平补齐的过程而演化。储层沉积微相及微观地质特征研究表明,台地边缘礁滩相为该区储层发育最有利的相带,海绵障积白云岩、海绵骨架礁灰岩、鲕粒白云岩及残余鲕粒白云岩等为最主要的储集岩类型。优质储层的发育主要受沉积相带展布,后期的白云石化、溶蚀作用以及构造作用的控制。 相似文献
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四川盆地开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组礁白云岩沉积-成岩-成藏系统 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长兴组礁白云岩是川东北地区最重要的天然气储层类型之一。通过对开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组礁白云岩岩石组构、成岩演化序列、铁锰锶微量元素、碳氧锶稳定同位素、流体包裹体、油气性质及来源综合研究,认为古地貌格局控制了开江-梁平台棚东侧不同类型台缘生物礁的展布,古海平面的"升降"控制了生物礁形态及规模,台缘礁坪/礁盖滩微相及部分毗邻发育的骨架礁相带控制了优质储层发育位置和空间展布规律;可将长兴组白云岩划分为准同生白云岩和埋藏白云岩两种成因类型,优质的礁、滩相白云岩储层仅与多期次埋藏白云石化作用有关,推测成岩流体主要来源于封存地层中的早-中三叠世蒸发岩溶解产生的具低Mn含量、较低Fe含量、高Sr含量、较高δ~(13)C值、较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值特点的高盐度埋藏循环海源孔隙水,并有长兴期同生卤水和深部有机酸热液混入;按水文体制,将长兴组白云岩成岩系统划分为4类,分别为海源同生卤水、封存卤水、混源热卤水和深源混合热卤水成岩系统,认为混源热卤水成岩系统埋藏白云石化和溶蚀作用是提高储层质量的关键;论证了开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组存在同一流体输导体系控制的埋藏白云石化作用与油气充注成藏的统一"成岩-成藏"系统,揭示了长兴组白云岩沉积-成岩-成藏耦合关系,为该地区下一步天然气勘探目标优选提供地质依据。 相似文献
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川东北元坝地区生物礁识别 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
四川盆地东部地区龙潭末期形成的"开江—梁平"海槽古地貌与长兴期的持续海侵背景共同控制了该区域长兴组生物礁的生长形态及分布规模,通过数值模拟正演分析,建立了生物礁的地震响应模式,得到了生物礁地震剖面和正演模拟的生物礁模式具有较好相似性的结论。利用三维地震资料和钻井资料,进行地震相与沉积相分析,识别出了长兴组末期"台地边缘生物礁相"相带,据此可推断出生物礁的形态和平面展布特征。另对生物礁的储层预测和测井曲线进行研究,事实表明这两种方法在生物礁滩相储层上也有明显的效果。 相似文献
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元坝气田是四川盆地继普光气田之后所发现的又一大型海相气田,其中,晚二叠世长兴组是元坝气田的主力产层。研究以不同相带钻井为代表,经过岩芯观察、地震资料、测井解释及样品的孔渗数据分析,对元坝地区长兴组所发育的各种沉积相带特征及各沉积相带的物性特征进行对比研究,结果表明:(1)开阔台地、台地边缘浅滩、台地边缘生物礁、台地边缘斜坡及陆棚相在元坝地区长兴期均有发育;(2)在元坝西北部,越靠近台地边缘,其生物礁建隆越明显;(3)长兴组主要可划分出两期成礁旋回,则均发育于长二段;(4)东南部台地边缘斜坡相带窄,坡度陡,西北部则相反;(5)台地边缘暴露浅滩相物性最好,通常形成良好的孔隙型储层;台地边缘生物礁相、台地边缘浅滩相及开阔台地相物性次之,通常形成孔隙-裂缝复合型储层;而斜坡-陆棚相只形成裂缝型储层。 相似文献
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为了指导部署四川盆地白云岩储层中钻井,在油气钻井岩心观察与描述、野外剖面实测和样品采集的基础上,结合镜下薄片鉴定、X衍射、物性和地球化学特征分析,对开江—梁平台内海槽东段长兴组白云岩储层的沉积-成岩系统进行了深入研究。认为台地边缘生物礁和台地边缘浅滩为最重要的储集相带,颗粒白云岩、生物礁白云岩和晶粒白云岩为最主要的储集层岩性,晶间孔、晶间溶孔和超大溶孔为目的层最有效的储集空间,孔洞缝复合型储层为目的层最优质的储集类型。综合分析认为,长兴组沉积-成岩系统与白云岩储层在时空上具有良好的耦合关系,台地边缘生物礁和台地边缘浅滩相控制了白云岩储层的区域分布范围,而不同成岩系统对储层的贡献程度不同。其中:地层封存卤水与混合热卤水成岩系统是储层形成的基础与关键,地层封存卤水形成低孔低渗的孔隙型Ⅲ类储层,混合热卤水形成中孔中渗的孔洞型Ⅱ类储层;构造热液成岩系统对储层贡献最大,并形成高孔高渗的孔洞缝复合型Ⅰ类优质储层。 相似文献
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开江—梁平海槽的形成、发展和消亡过程对川东地区长兴组生物礁分布有着明显的控制作用,因而决定了生物礁气藏的类型、规模及其分布。通过露头、岩心观察和薄片鉴定手段,对台地边缘生物礁内部结构、发育特征的详细研究,表明台地边缘生物礁在海槽周缘的不同部位差别较大,按照生物礁发育规模,可将其分为台缘点礁、台缘丘礁和台缘堤礁,系统总结了这3种生物礁的生长演化阶段。其中台缘点礁主要发育于研究区环开江—梁平海槽的南端,发育于长一或长二到长三期,主要由障积礁组成,礁体发育时间短、发育规模最小,礁体发育最为简单,主要经历了3个演化阶段;台缘丘礁发育于研究区环开江—梁平海槽的中端-北端,发育于长二—长三期,大部分生物礁延续到了长三末期,礁体发育时间相对较长、发育规模相对较大,主要经历了5个演化阶段;台缘堤礁主要发育于鄂西海槽台地边缘或开江—梁平海槽最北端的川东北地区,礁体发育于长一时期或长二初期,一直延续到长三末期,礁体发育时间最长、规模最大,礁体最为复杂,经历了5个演化阶段。 相似文献
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建南地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁地震沉积学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建南地区二叠系长兴组时期沉积相平面展布一直存在较大争议,严重制约生物礁滩发育区带预测。在实际研究中,以碳酸盐岩沉积理论为指导,运用地震沉积学研究思路与方法,利用单井资料对地震相反射特征进行地质意义解析,建立沉积相地震识别模式,并且运用古地貌恢复、属性分析等技术进行沉积相平面分布与演化分析。研究结果表明：生物礁井震结合进行层序标定后,地震相位特征能够较好地反映生物礁滩发育期次;结合地震剖面相与平面相识别,在研究区中部主要为低频、弱振幅反射的陆棚相,能够说明开江-梁平陆棚延伸到研究区;地震多属性分析能够较为真实地对沉积相边界与生物礁滩分布范围进行刻画;等时地层切片反映出三级层序SQ1后期为生物礁主要发育时期,SQ2时期海平面变浅,暴露滩体发育部位产生迁移。 相似文献
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四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局 总被引：64，自引：1，他引：64
四川盆地东北部长兴组（大隆组）为海洋环境的产物，根据沉积特点，可以分为碳酸盐台地沉积体系和盆地沉积体系。碳酸盐台地沉积体系又可进一步分为局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩及缓坡等沉积相。在详细研究分析各沉积体系的沉积特点的基础上，探讨了该期沉积相带的空间分布，提出了不存在“开江一梁平”海槽的认识。笔者等认为在“开江梁平海槽”区域内，长兴组只是水体相对台地较深环境（台棚环境）的产物，为碳酸盐缓坡，不宜称为海槽。指出台地边缘浅滩及生物礁是储层最有利相带，礁白云岩及颗粒白云岩等是储层的有利微相。研究区的生物礁为碳酸盐台地边缘缓坡点礁群，沿着台地边缘断续分布。 相似文献
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The extent of glaciation in northwestern Alaska, the source of sediment supply to the Chukchi shelf and slope, and the movement of sea ice and icebergs across the shelf during the last glacial maximum (LGM) remain poorly constrained. Here we present geophysical and geological data from the outer Chukchi margin that reveal a regionally extensive, heavily ice-scoured surface ∼ 5-8 m below the modern seafloor. Radiocarbon dating of this discrete event yields age estimates between 10,600 and 11,900 14C yr BP, indicating the discharge event occurred during the Younger Dryas. Based on mineralogy of the ice-rafted debris, the icebergs appear to be sourced from the northwestern Alaskan margin, which places important constraints on the ice extent in northern Alaska during the LGM as well as existing circulation models for the region. 相似文献
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冰川裂解与底部消融是南极冰架质量损失的主要部分,这两个过程与全球温度升高密切相关。Getz冰架较阿蒙森海其他冰架对温度的升高更为敏感,开展Getz冰架表面冰流速和结构特征长时间序列分析,对全球气候变化、极地冰川学的发展具有重要意义。基于Landsat系列影像,采用多尺度半自动化影像匹配算法重建了2000—2017年Getz F冰架表面冰流速,进一步通过遥感影像增强处理及人工目视解译,提取了2000年和2017年Getz F冰架表面结构特征,综合分析Getz F冰架长时间序列冰流速与表面特征。结果表明,2000—2017年间,Getz F冰架表面高冰流速区（850~950 m?a-1）逐渐向西部海岸线移动,海岸线向外延伸较大;冰架中西部下游冰裂缝数量明显增多,且冰裂隙呈现由东部上游向东部下游移动的趋势;冰流速总体呈随表面高程的增加而减少的趋势。研究表明Getz F冰架流量由Berry冰川补给较多,且冰流速受变性环极深水消融影响较大;同时,Getz F冰架前缘存在着较大不稳定性。 相似文献
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Architecture and recognition criteria of ancient shelf ridges; an example from Campanian Almond Formation in Hanna Basin,USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Julio Leva López Valentina Marzia Rossi Cornel Olariu Ronald J. Steel 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1651-1676
Shelf ridges are sedimentary bodies formed on the continental shelf due to transgressive reworking (tidal or storm) of lowstand deposits. Common on modern shelves, they are under‐represented in the geological record due to a lack of recognition criteria and facies model. This article proposes a new facies and architectural model for shelf ridges, linked to their inception–evolution–abandonment cycle and the process regime of the basin. The model is mainly based on new outcrop data and interpretations from three sandstone bodies of the Almond Formation, an overall transgressive interval during the infill of the Campanian Western Interior Seaway. Building from the case study, and ancient and modern examples, six characteristics are proposed for the recognition of ancient shelf ridges. Shelf ridges: (i) are encased between thick marine mudstone intervals; (ii) have a basal unconformity that erodes into marine muds or into the remnants of a previous shoreline; (iii) have a non‐erosional upper boundary that transitions into marine muds; (iv) are characterized by clean and well‐sorted sandstones, often cross‐bedded; (v) contain fully marine ichnofauna; and (vi) present compound architectures with large accretion surfaces and lower order structures. Although shelf ridges have been described in previous studies as generated exclusively by either tidal or storm currents, it is clear, from modern examples and the case study, that these two processes can be recorded and preserved in a single shelf ridge. The stratigraphy of these sandstone bodies is therefore much more complex than previously recognized, bearing the signature of changing tidal and storm intensity through time. Because they are developed during transgressions, shelf ridges are commonly subject to strong changes in process regime as sea‐level changes can easily affect the oceanographic conditions and the morphology of the basin. For this reason, shelf ridges can provide the best record of shelf process variability during transgressions. 相似文献
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渝东北地区位于四川中生代前陆盆地和扬子陆块南部被动边缘褶冲带的结合部位,形成东西向密集、大体平行、不对称的背、向斜构造。研究区下寒武统水井沱组发育在克拉通内坳陷形成的滞留盆地沉积环境中,是页岩气富集层位,埋藏深,岩相组合变化大。本文利用地层剖面组合、岩性、标准层、地层厚度和地球化学指标等将水井沱组页岩地层划分为两个三级层序（SQ1、 SQ2）,每个层序又进一步划分为两个体系域,即海侵体系域TST和高位体系域HST。通过野外剖面沉积相分析和沉积相平面展布特征的研究,结合连井剖面、黑色页岩分布规律等分析该区陆棚相黑色页岩沉积演化特征。研究结果表明：该套页岩主要由浅海深水陆棚相、浅水陆棚相和砂质陆棚相组成,为3种陆棚亚相沉积。 相似文献
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Late Holocene sedimentary changes in floodplain and shelf environments of the Tagus River (Portugal)
Geert-Jan Vis Cornelis Kasse Simon Jung Alexander Prick 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(2):203-217
Sedimentary changes during the last ∼2500 years have been reconstructed from cored sedimentary records from the deltaic floodplain of the Lower Tagus Valley and the Tagus mudbelt on the continental shelf offshore Lisbon. We used a multi-proxy approach consisting of sedimentology, grainsize, pollen data and magnetic susceptibility. In the floodplain grainsize coarsened and sedimentation rate and magnetic susceptibility increased during the late Holocene due to an increased flooding frequency and/or intensity. On the Tagus shelf the mudbelt grainsize fined, together with a higher sedimentation rate and increased magnetic susceptibility. The fining grainsize is explained by an increased suspended sediment flux towards the shelf and subdued winnowing. Floodplain and shelf records were correlated by radiocarbon dating and changes in sediment characteristics. We identified four depositional phases (∼2300/∼1600/∼1100/∼670 cal BP) on the floodplain and the shelf. These are tentatively explained by land-use changes in the Tagus catchment. 相似文献
16.
Defining the shelf edge and the three‐dimensional shelf edge to slope facies variability in shelf‐edge deltas 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Shelf‐edge deltas play a critical role in shelf‐margin accretion and deepwater sediment delivery, yet much remains to be understood about the detailed linkage between shelf edge and slope sedimentation. The shelf edge separates the flat‐lying shelf from steeper slope regions, and is observable in seismic data and continuous outcrops; however, it is commonly obscured in non‐continuous outcrops. Defining this zone is essential because it segregates areas dominated by shelf currents from those governed by gravity‐driven processes. Understanding this linkage is paramount for predicting and characterizing associated deepwater reservoirs. In the Tanqua Karoo Basin, the Permian Kookfontein Formation shelf‐slope clinothems are well‐exposed for 21 km along depositional strike and dip. Two independent methods identified the shelf‐edge position, indicating that it is defined by: (i) a transition from predominantly shelf‐current to gravitational deposits; (ii) an increase in soft‐sediment deformation; (iii) a significant gradient increase; and (iv) clinothem thickening. A quantitative approach was used to assess the impact of process‐regime variability along the shelf edge on downslope sedimentation. Facies proportions were quantified from sedimentary logs and photographic panels, and integrated with mapped key surfaces to construct a stratigraphic grid. Spatial variability in facies proportions highlights two types of shelf‐edge depositional zones within the same shelf‐edge delta. Where deposition occurred in fluvial‐dominated zones, the slope is sand rich, channelized with channels widening downslope, and rich in collapse features. Where deltaic deposits indicate considerable tidal reworking, the deposits are thin and pinch‐out close to the shelf edge, and the slope is sand poor and lacks channelization. Amplification of tidal energy, and decrease in fluvial drive on the shelf, coincides with a decrease in mouth bar and shelf‐edge collapse, and a lack of channelization on the slope. This analysis suggests that process‐regime variability along the shelf edge exercised significant control on shelf‐edge progradation, slope channelization and deepwater sediment delivery. 相似文献
17.
Naohisa Nishida Taku Ajioka Ken Ikehara Rei Nakashima Hajime Katayama Tomoyuki Sato Seishiro Furuyama Toru Tamura 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):559-575
Sandy shelf sediments are important elements of clastic sedimentary systems because of their wide distribution in the geological record and their significance as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Although many studies have investigated shelf sediments influenced by waves or tidal currents, little is known about shelf sediments influenced by oceanic currents, particularly their lithofacies characteristics and stratigraphic evolution. This study investigated the stratigraphic evolution of shelf sediments off the Kujukuri strandplain facing the Pacific Ocean, which is influenced by the strong Kuroshio Current. Sediment cores were obtained from six locations on the Kujukuri shelf (34 to 124 m water depth) using a vibrocorer. The dominant lithofacies is mud-free sand with low-angle cross-lamination associated with alternating beds of finer and coarser sand with cross-lamination. These display depositional processes influenced by storm waves and the Kuroshio Current, respectively. This finding is consistent with the previously presented modern and historical observations of the Kuroshio Current and estimates of the storm-wave base. Radiocarbon dates show that the sediment succession formed during the last transgressive and highstand stages after 13·1 ka. The depositional processes during the stages represent a transition from storm waves with abundant sediment supply to both storm waves and the Kuroshio Current with sediment starvation mainly due to its trapping in the strandplain. Comparison to other Holocene–Modern shelf systems suggests that the sandy shelf successions are strongly influenced by oceanic currents under conditions of limited riverine input and open coastal geometry. The resultant sand-dominated succession is characterized by reversal of the proximal to distal grain-size trend compared to the fining for most other recognized wave/storm-dominated shelf successions. This is because of seaward increase in the influence of the Kuroshio Current. Thus, shelf deposits are naturally complex, and these may be further complicated by the additional influence of oceanic currents above the usual wave-dominated and tide-dominated end members. 相似文献
18.
Transition from storm wave‐dominated outer shelf to gullied upper slope: The mid‐Pliocene Orinoco shelf margin,South Trinidad 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Shelf‐edge deltas are a key depositional environment for accreting sediment onto shelf‐margin clinoforms. The Moruga Formation, part of the palaeo‐Orinoco shelf‐margin sedimentary prism of south‐east Trinidad, provides new insight into the incremental growth of a Pliocene, storm wave‐dominated shelf margin. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms of sand bypass from the shelf‐break area of margins, and in particular from storm wave‐dominated margins which are generally characterized by drifting of sand along strike until meeting a canyon or channel. The studied St. Hilaire Siltstone and Trinity Hill Sandstone succession is 260 m thick and demonstrates a continuous transition from gullied (with turbidites) uppermost slope upward to storm wave‐dominated delta front on the outermost shelf. The basal upper‐slope deposits are dominantly mass‐transport deposited blocks, as well as associated turbidites and debrites with common soft‐sediment‐deformed strata. The overlying uppermost slope succession exhibits a spectacular set of gullies, which are separated by abundant slump‐scar unconformities (tops of rotational slides), then filled with debris‐flow conglomerates and sandy turbidite beds with interbedded mudstones. The top of the study succession, on the outer‐shelf area, contains repeated upward‐coarsening, sandstone‐rich parasequences (2 to 15 m thick) with abundant hummocky and swaley cross‐stratification, clear evidence of storm‐swell and storm wave‐dominated conditions. The observations suggest reconstruction of the unstable shelf margin as follows: (i) the aggradational storm wave‐dominated, shelf‐edge delta front became unstable and collapsed down the slope; (ii) the excavated scars of the shelf margin became gullied, but gradually healed (aggraded) by repeated infilling by debris flows and turbidites, and then new gullying and further infilling; and (iii) a renewed storm wave‐dominated delta‐front prograded out across the healed outer shelf, re‐establishing the newly stabilized shelf margin. The Moruga Formation study, along with only a few others in the literature, confirms the sediment bypass ability of storm wave‐dominated reaches of shelf edges, despite river‐dominated deltas being, by far, the most efficient shelf‐edge regime for sediment bypass at the shelf break. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Physical stratigraphy within shoreface‐shelf parasequences contains a detailed, but virtually unstudied, record of shallow‐marine processes over a range of historical and geological timescales. Using high‐quality outcrop data sets, it is possible to reconstruct ancient shoreface‐shelf morphology from clinoform surfaces, and to track the evolving morphology of the ancient shoreface‐shelf. Our results suggest that shoreface‐shelf morphology varied considerably in response to processes that operate over a range of timescales. (1) Individual clinoform surfaces form as a result of enhanced wave scour and/or sediment starvation, which may be driven by minor fluctuations in relative sea level, sediment supply and/or wave climate over short timescales (101?103 years). These external controls cannot be distinguished in vertical facies successions, but may potentially be differentiated by the resulting clinoform geometries. (2) Clinoform geometry and distribution changes systematically within a single parasequence, reflecting the cycle in sea level and/or sediment supply that produced the parasequence (102?105 years). These changes record steepening of the shoreface‐shelf profile during early progradation and maintenance of a relatively uniform profile during late progradation. Modern shorefaces are not representative of this stratigraphic variability. (3) Clinoform geometries vary greatly between different parasequences as a result of variations in parasequence stacking pattern and relict shelf morphology during shoreface progradation (105?108 years). These controls determine the external dimensions of the parasequence. 相似文献
20.
Two vibrocores from the inner shelf off Hong Kong are investigated to compare the contents of organic and inorganic carbon
in postglacial sediments. The compositions of organic elements and carbonate are highly variable in the core sediments, but
overall drop within the compositional ranges of modern seabed sediments in the Zhujiang estuarine and its shelf area. The
Holocene sediments in the inner shelf have never been subject to subaerial exposure and the organic matter and carbonate can
be preserved well. The burial of carbon in river-dominated shelf environments is highly dependent on the river flux with time.
Nevertheless, it is difficult to establish a simple relationship between carbon burial in sediments in relation to climatic
changes of basin-wide scale due to complex controls of production, transport and deposition of organic matter and carbonate.
Our study suggests that the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio can not reliably identify the sources of depositional organic
matters because of selective decomposition of organic matter components during humification and sedimentation. Caution is
therefore needed in using organic elemental compositions as indicators of organic matter sources and paleoenvironmental changes
in the East Asian continental shelves where intense river-sea interaction and variable carbon flux in geologic record occur. 相似文献