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1.
上扬子区灯影组白云岩葡萄体特征及成因初探--以南江杨坝地区灯影组一段为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
上扬子地区晚震旦世灯影组及其相应地层白云岩中广泛发育一种外形奇特的具有圈层结构的肾球状体、椭球体、葡萄体及不规则状的球体(以下统称为葡萄体),宏观上呈钙华状成片产出,沿层面或裂隙分布,大量学者认为其为受大气淡水影响形成的。在详细野外观察描述的基础上,应用偏光显微镜、阴极发光和扫描电镜等分析测试手段,对四川南江杨坝地区灯影组一段白云岩中的葡萄体进行了研究,结果表明:葡萄体为具核心和明暗相间皮壳层的半球体,矿物组分以白云石为主,局部含少量自生石英,为围岩固结成岩后的产物;核心及暗色皮壳层中发育藻黏结集合体,并见大量不规则的微生物丝状体,且矿物组分中含有较高的碳元素,发较亮的红色阴极光,结合海底硬底的存在,说明其为海水环境中的生物-化学沉积物;葡萄体的外层主要为亮色皮壳层,呈等厚亮晶纤状胶结物,多发暗红色阴极光,并造成葡萄体间呈多面体交汇,说明后期葡萄体的形成以胶结作用为主,为海水潜流带的产物;葡萄体的大小和形态与基底上不规则凸起的形态及生长空间特征密切相关,固定的生长质点和规则的结构指示葡萄体形成于稳定的水体中;葡萄状白云岩的原始组构应为文石或高镁方解石,扫描电镜下呈晶粒结构,为白云石化作用的产物;葡萄集合体的组分、阴极发光性与其围岩相似,按照其产状和形态特征,把这种具有固定生长质点且具等厚皮壳层的半球体称作葡萄状构造,应为生物-化学成因的沉积-成岩构造,形成于稳定的海水中。 相似文献
2.
上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组海相页岩是四川盆地下古生界主要的烃源岩和页岩气勘探目标,有机质成熟度不仅是油气生成评价的关键,也是页岩品质评价的重要指标之一.下古生界页岩有机质成熟度一直以来是有机岩石学研究的难点与热点问题.由于下古生界缺乏镜质体,先前的研究多是采用沥青反射率转换为等效镜质体反射率的方法,并且由于沥青的局限性和不确定性,使得五峰-龙马溪组页岩的成熟度缺乏统一的认识和系统研究.通过采集四川盆地及其周缘的岩心和露头样品,系统分析了页岩有机显微组分光学反射率特征.结果表明笔石和固体沥青是最主要的两类有机显微组分.根据固体沥青的显微结构形态和光性特征,将固体沥青大体上分为两类:（1）颗粒状-棱角状的充填在孔隙和微裂缝中高反射率焦沥青;（2）以细小不规则表面的有机质颗粒大量分散于粘土矿物基质中的低反射率基质固体沥青.焦沥青与笔石随机反射率均可以表征下古生界页岩有机质成熟度.但焦沥青反射率略低于笔石反射率,并且随着成熟度的增高,笔石反射率的增速大于焦沥青,各向异性也显著增强.相对于固体沥青反射率,笔石随机反射率分布更为集中,更适合作为含笔石页岩有机质成熟度指标.但是笔石反射率与等效镜质体反射率在过成熟阶段的换算关系需要进一步研究. 相似文献
3.
川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青地球化学特征及其气源指示意义 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
运用有机岩石学、有机地球化学、催化加氢热解、GC—IRMS等方法和技术,深入研究了川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青及可能烃源岩的地球化学特征。研究认为,飞仙关组储层固体沥青反射率高,双反射明显,为非均质结构储层焦沥青;在碳酸盐岩储层的各种孔隙中,呈脉状、球粒状、角片状或块状等他形充填,具有中间相结构和镶嵌状结构特征,反映其高温热变质成因;元素组成有S/C高、H/C低的特点,其固体碳同位素组成与长兴组烃源岩干酪根相似。储层固体沥青的可能烃源岩发育于还原—弱氧化咸水沉积环境,有机质来源于水生藻类;氯仿沥青“A”饱和烃甾萜类生物标志物对比表明,上二叠长兴组烃源岩是主要来源,飞仙关组、下志留统烃源岩亦有贡献;催化加氢产物饱和烃及其正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成显示,坡2井飞仙关组储层固体沥青与罐5井飞仙关组烃源岩具有明显的亲缘关系,这也可作为飞仙关组海槽相烃源岩对飞仙关组气藏有贡献的佐证。 相似文献
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5.
四川南江灯影组白云岩葡萄状构造成因分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
四川盆地南江震旦系灯影组以一套潮坪、台地边缘浅滩环境的白云岩为主,并在灯影组下部普遍发育葡萄状构造。空间上葡萄状构造由下往上呈弱发育→密集发育→交替发育→不发育,产出明显受到孔洞、缝的分布和形态控制。结合该区沉积、成岩演化史,认为灯影组中期存在一定时期的暴露过程和表生岩溶作用,葡萄状构造为表生大气淡水溶蚀-沉淀形成产物,是古暴露和古岩溶的重要标志。 相似文献
6.
川东北地区飞仙关组-长兴组储层沥青反射率及含硫量特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
川东北地区飞仙关组-长兴组储层沥青主要为焦沥青,按光性特征可分为均质沥青、均匀长条状沥青、镶嵌结构沥青、小球体沥青、针状结构沥青、香肠状沥青、微粒状沥青;均匀长条状沥青各向异性强,ΔR大于0.5%,具有强的各向异性小球体沥青的ΔR大于1.2%,它们BR max和BR min的方差往往小于0.08,其平均值可作为成熟度的评价指标;沥青中硫含量高,可能是小球体沥青形成的一个重要因素,研究硫与沥青之间的关系对该区高含硫化氢气藏的成因研究具有重要的意义. 相似文献
7.
四川广安谢家槽剖面早三叠世地层中的时错相沉积及其古生态意义——一个传统地层剖面的重新解读 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
四川广安谢家槽剖面下三叠统夜郎组和嘉陵江组中含有扁平砾石灰岩、蠕虫状灰岩、叠层石、层纹状灰岩、薄层泥晶灰岩、条带状灰岩和水平分布的遗迹化石等类型丰富的时错相沉积,由下至上时错相沉积呈现出逐渐减弱的总趋势。早三叠世晚期,时错相沉积从正常海洋环境沉积中退出,只是出现在高压力环境的沉积物中。时错相沉积的这种时空分布和发育程度的变化,反映二叠纪末生物大灭绝事件后,早三叠世海洋生态系复苏的历程。 相似文献
8.
川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩生物礁滩相储层中普遍存在着固体沥青.本文以普光气田上二叠统长兴组和下三叠统飞仙关组储层中固体沥青为研究对象,在显微镜下观察固体沥青的产状特征,测定固体沥青含量和计算固体沥青与储层孔隙的体积比率,分析固体沥青的成因及形成期次,推算古油藏的密度.普光气田飞仙关组固体沥青主要呈环边状附于鲕粒白云岩、残余鲕粒白云岩晶间溶孔,溶蚀孔壁,沥青含量在1.11%～5.73%之间,均值2.92%;长兴组生物礁储层固体沥青多呈团块状充填于各种溶蚀孔洞中,沥青含量0.31%～11.72%之间,均值3.57%.两套储层中的固体沥青含量都有随埋深而减少的趋势.飞仙关组储层中固体沥青与储层孔隙的体积比约为22%,长兴组为43%～56%.普光气田储层固体沥青为热演化成因并为两期形成,飞仙关储层固体沥青为轻质油古油藏裂解形成,长兴组储层固体沥青为稠油古油藏裂解形成. 相似文献
9.
《海相油气地质》2015,(4)
四川盆地震旦系灯影组"葡萄花边"状白云岩横向分布范围广,纵向发育层位局限,仅在灯影组二段中下部出现,可以作为野外露头以及井下岩心的地层识别标志。以钻井岩心与野外露头样品的宏观、微观特征为基础,阐明了"葡萄花边"状白云岩的命名依据,镜下微观视域内该类岩石包括围岩、"葡萄花边"纹层、亮晶白云石三种结构组分。结合对"葡萄花边"状白云岩不同结构组分微区取样的多参数实验分析,认为成因机制上,围岩沉积于正常海水环境,"葡萄花边"是在岩石已存在的缝-洞空间中生长的胶结物,灯影组二段沉积时期海平面经历了多期次的升降运动,当海平面下降时,刚固结不久的地层暴露受到溶蚀并形成规模不等的岩溶缝洞体以及岩溶角砾,当海平面再次上升时,在缝洞体中以及角砾周缘开始形成多期次的纤状白云石胶结物,当地层埋深到一定程度时,深部热液流体会在残余缝洞系统中形成一些亮晶白云石。"葡萄花边"状白云岩不但可以成为灯影组一种重要的储集岩类型,而且可以作为灯影组沉积古地貌研究的一种辅助性标志。 相似文献
10.
根据储层中沥青的产状、元素组成、固体碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、生物标志化合物以及芳烃色谱-质谱等,对磨溪地区龙王庙组储层固体沥青的地球化学特征、成因及来源进行了剖析。研究结果表明,其总体上具有低H/C原子比值、高反射率的特征,是古油藏原油经裂解形成的残留物。储层沥青的正构烷烃分布较为完整,碳数在C16-C31范围,没有受到明显的生物降解作用。其可能的烃源岩发育于还原环境,有机质来源于低等水生生物,为海相泥页岩。固体沥青碳同位素值介于-33.1‰~-35.4‰之间,与下寒武统烃源岩干酪根碳同位素具有很好的可比性,同时,其生物标志化合物组成也与下寒武统烃源岩相似,表明其烃源来自于下寒武统筇竹寺组。 相似文献
11.
ZOU Huayao HAO Fang ZHU Yangming GUO Tonglou CAI Xunyu LI Pingping ZHANG Xuefeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3)
Detailed geochemistry studies were conducted to investigate the origin of solid bitumens and hydrocarbon gases in the giant Puguang gas field. Two types of solid bitumens were recognized: low sulfur content, low reflectance (LSLR) solid bitumens in sandstone reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation and high sulfur content, high reflectance (HSHR) solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan and Upper Permian Changxing formations. Solid bitumens in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation correlate well with extracts from the Upper Triassic to Jurassic nonmarine source rocks in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and biomarker distribution. Solid bitumens in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations are distinctly different from extracts from the Cambrian and Silurian rocks but display reasonable correlation with extracts from the Upper Permian source rocks both in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and in biomarker distribution, suggesting that the Permian especially the Upper Permian Longtan Formation was the main source of solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations in the Puguang gas field. Chemical and isotopic composition of natural gases indicates that the majority of hydrocarbon gases originated from sapropelic organic matter and was the products of thermal cracking of accumulated oils. This study indicates that source rock dominated by sapropelic organic matter existed in the Upper Permian and had made major contribution to the giant Puguang gas field, which has important implication for petroleum exploration in marine sequences in South China. 相似文献
12.
Source Rocks for the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin:Implication for Petroleum Exploration in Marine Sequences in South China 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
ZOU Huayao HAO Fang ZHU Yangming GUO Tonglou CAI Xunyu LI Pingping ZHANG Xuefeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):477-486
Detailed geochemistry studies were conducted to investigate the origin of solid bitumens and hydrocarbon gases in the giant Puguang gas field. Two types of solid bitumens were recognized： low sulfur content, low reflectance （LSLR） solid bitumens in sandstone reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation and high sulfur content, high reflectance （HSHR） solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan and Upper Permian Changxing formations. Solid bitumens in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation correlate well with extracts from the Upper Triassic to Jurassic nonmarine source rocks in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and biomarker distribution. Solid bitumens in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations are distinctly different from extracts from the Cambrian and Silurian rocks but display reasonable correlation with extracts from the Upper Permian source rocks both in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and in biomarker distribution, suggesting that the Permian especially the Upper Permian Longtan Formation was the main source of solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations in the Puguang gas field. Chemical and isotopic composition of natural gases indicates that the majority of hydrocarbon gases originated from sapropelic organic matter and was the products of thermal cracking of accumulated oils. This study indicates that source rock dominated by sapropelic organic matter existed in the Upper Permian and had made major contribution to the giant Puguang gas field, which has important implication for petroleum exploration in marine sequences in South China. 相似文献
13.
南盘江盆地古油藏沥青地球化学特征及成因 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
南盘江地区生物礁古油藏的储层沥青主要分布在上二叠统和中上泥盆统。古油藏的储集层均为生物礁滩灰岩,沥青的主要储集空间以洞、缝为主,其次为基质孔隙和生物体腔内。南盘江古油藏沥青的成熟度很高, H／C原子比小于0．4,主要由残碳构成,这是沥青的非极性和极性抽提无抽提物的直接原因。在古油藏沥青地球化学特征研究的基础上,综合分析认为南盘江古油藏沥青主要源自泥盆系烃源岩,其次可能与下二叠统烃源岩有关。南盘江古油藏沥青与生物降解沥青和沉淀沥青质有很大的区别,其成因是油藏深埋时在高温、高压的作用下原油裂解成气后的焦沥青。 相似文献
14.
It is concluded that there are three hydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes in northeastern Sichuan on the basis of the characteristics of solid bitumen, gas-light oils-heavy oils, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions and diagenesis for beach- and reef-facies dolomite gas- bearing reservoirs in the Puguang Gas Field, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southern China. The first hydrocarbon generation and accumulation episode occurred in the Indosinian movement （late Middle Triassic）. The sapropelic source rocks of the O3w （Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation）-S1l （Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation） were buried at depths of 2500 m to 3000 m with the paleogeothermal temperature ranging from 70℃ to 95℃, which yielded heavy oil with lower maturity. At the same time, intercrystalline pores, framework pores and corrosion caused by organic acid were formed within the organic reef facies of P2ch （Upper Permian Changxing Formation）. And the first stage of hydrocarbon reservoir occurred, the level of surface porosity of residual solid bitumen {solid bitumen/ （solid bitumen ＋ residual porosity）} was higher than 60%. The second episode occurred during the Middle Yanshanian movement （late Middle Jurassic）. During that period, the mixed organic source rocks were deposited in an intra-platform sag during the Permian and sapropelic source rocks of O3w-S1l experienced a peak stage of crude oil or light oil and gas generation because they were buried at depths of 3500 m to 6800 m with paleogeothermal temperatures of 96-168℃. At that time, the level of surface porosity of residual solid bitumen of the T1f shoal facies reservoirs was between 25% and 35%, and the homogenization temperatures of the first and second stages of fluid inclusions varied from 100℃ to 150℃. The third episode occurred during the Late Yanshanian （Late Cretaceous） to the Himalayan movement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs formed during the T1f and P2ch had the deepest burial of 7700 m to 8700 m and paleogeotemperatu 相似文献
15.
Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen. 相似文献
16.
西藏西部狮泉河地区二叠纪和三叠纪牙形石的发现及其意义 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
西藏西部阿里狮泉河地区的昂杰组、下拉组和左左组中发现牙形石化石。昂杰组的牙形石组合大致对比于中二叠世空谷期早中期Mesogondolella idahoensis-Vjalovognathus shindyensis组合带。下拉组顶部的牙形石组合大致对比于晚二叠世长兴期晚期Clarkina changxingensis带。左左组中含有早三叠世的Neospathodus sp.和Gladigondolella sp.,左左组和下拉组整合接触,左左组主体时代为三叠纪。狮泉河地区在早二叠世末期就开始由冈瓦纳相碎屑岩沉积转变为特提斯相碳酸盐岩沉积,在晚二叠世长兴期和早三叠世依然维持在海相沉积环境中。冈底斯西部在晚二叠世和三叠纪为古陆的观点有待于重新审视。 相似文献
17.
新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷牛圈湖构造带马25井石炭系火山岩储层中发现了原油和固体沥青共存,通过储层多级分离抽提和原油地球化学分析,并对这些原油(或固体沥青)的形成过程与其勘探意义进行了研究,结果表明这些原油和沥青可能主要来自下石炭统烃源岩,具有较低姥植比和伽玛蜡烷含量、高丰度三环萜、高Ts/Tm比值和重族组分碳同位素(δ13C-28.0‰)特征;现今油藏原油富含生物降解标志物(25-降藿烷),同时却无明显其它生物降解特征(正构烷烃、甾藿烷等保存完整),反映多期充注特征,即二叠纪中晚期成藏后遭受生物降解,白垩纪后期又再次充注形成;下石炭系有效烃源岩的存在预示着本区具有深部下石炭统源岩贡献的油气藏勘探前景。 相似文献
18.
通过铸体薄片、物性测试、扫描电镜等资料,对黔南坳陷平塘甘寨二叠系茅口组沉积相与储层特征进行深入分析,认为贵州平塘甘寨茅口组主要的岩石类型为亮晶-微晶生屑灰岩、生物灰岩、微晶灰岩、内碎屑亮晶灰岩、硅质岩、瘤状灰岩和含燧石灰岩等。茅口组生物种类较多,有介形虫、腹足、腕足、三叶虫、藻类、棘屑、蜒、珊瑚、海百合茎等。上述岩石学特征和生物组合指示平塘甘寨地区中二叠统茅口组为开阔碳酸盐台地沉积环境,包括台内滩和滩间两个亚相。储层特征分析结果表明,茅口组储集空间以晶间溶孔和晶间孔为主,具有明显的低孔低渗特征。局部溶蚀孔、构造裂缝相对较发育,对改造储层的孔渗性有重要的贡献。储层类型为碳酸盐岩裂缝-孔隙型储层,储层质量及发育部位受沉积相、成岩作用和构造活动多因素的控制。 相似文献
19.
目前虽认为元坝气田长兴组天然气主要为原油裂解气,但尚未进行该气田的古油藏的定量恢复并计算原油裂解气的资源量,并系统分析古油藏原油的来源.长兴组储层普遍可见固体沥青,是原油裂解的直接产物,且原油裂解在本区构造抬升变形前就已经完成,因此储层沥青可用来识别古油层的分布.根据储层沥青的纵向和平面分布,确定了7个可靠的古油藏和4个可能的古油藏,并运用容积法恢复出本区聚集的古原油为6.14×108 t,计算出相应的原油裂解气为3 807.08×108 m3,远大于现今气田的天然气探明储量,表明原油裂解气可以提供充足的气源,进一步证明了天然气主要为原油裂解气.通过长兴组储层沥青与不同层系烃源岩干酪根的碳同位素δ13C值对比,并结合烃源层分布和TOC等资料,确定古油藏原油主要来源于有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主的上二叠统吴家坪组烃源岩,其次为长兴组/大隆组烃源岩.后者主要分布在广元-南江-通江地区,该区的天然气勘探不能忽视该套烃源岩的生烃潜力与成藏贡献. 相似文献