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1.
文章主要通过电子探针、扫描电镜、激光拉曼光谱、透射电镜等微区微分析技术研究GRV 022115球粒陨石的基础矿物学特征和冲击变质矿物学特征，探讨陨石冲击熔融脉的形成机制和界定其母体的冲击条件。陨石主岩主要由橄榄石、辉石、熔长石、铁镍金属和硫化物等矿物组成。根据主岩的硅酸盐矿物学特征，确定GRV 022115是风化程度较低（W1） 的L6型普通球粒陨石，与前期分类结果一致。根据熔融脉内含有大量林伍德石的现象，修正GRV 022115陨石的冲击级别为S6，比原定的S5高一个级别。GRV 022115球粒陨石中有多条冲击熔融脉，熔融脉由基质和主岩碎块包裹体两类岩相组组成。熔融脉基质的主要组成是微米级粒状镁铁榴石与纳米级的含铁方镁石，是在平衡冲击压力下结晶的产物。冲击熔融脉主岩碎块包裹体中的橄榄石、低钙辉石、长石碎块已部分或全部转为相对应的高压相。橄榄石相变为林伍德石；个别低钙辉石相变为钙钛矿结构布里奇曼石微晶的集合体；长石主要相变为熔长石与玲根石。几乎所有的主岩碎块都有高温熔融的圆滑边界。熔融脉内外同类矿物的主量和微量元素具有一定的差异性，该差异性可以反映高温高压下混溶作用和扩散作用的影响。结合陨石冲击熔融脉形成机制和结晶模型，根据熔脉基质中镁铁榴石+方镁石矿物组合及静态高温高压实验相图，界定该陨石经受的冲击压力为23~27 GPa。  相似文献   

2.
随州陨石母体在30 Ma前遭遇一次其他星体的撞击后,矿物发生了冲击变质作用,产生了几条宽度仅为0.02～0.09 mm的冲击熔脉.我们在随州陨石熔脉内和熔脉边部先后发现了多种冲击成因的高压相矿物,如粗粒的、由固态相变形成的林伍德石、低钙辉石的镁铁榴石相、钛铁矿相和钙钛矿玻璃相、NaAlSi3O8-锰钡矿相、涂氏磷钙石和铬铁矿的两种后尖晶石高压多形—CaFe2O4结构相和CaTi2O4结构相（其中后三种为首次发现的高压相新矿物）,以及细粒的、在高压下从硅酸盐熔体结晶的镁铁榴石-镁铝榴石固溶体、镁方铁矿和林伍德石微晶集合体.此外,在陨石主体中还见有斜长石的高压熔体相—熔长石.熔长石和多种高压相矿物的存在,限定了随州陨石主体所受压力、温度分别为20 GPa和1100℃,熔脉内则高达23～25 GPa和2000～2300℃.上述撞击产生的压力与地球内部地幔转换带下部到下地幔顶部的压力相当.大量天然产出的高压相矿物在随州陨石中的发现,对了解深部地幔的矿物组成和元素地球化学行为具有重要理论意义.  相似文献   

3.
对南苏鲁青龙山榴辉岩的扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜的详细观察表明，其峰期矿物组合为石榴石 绿辉石Ⅰ 蓝晶石 金红石( 柯石英)，基本无含水矿物，并被第二期矿物(或组合)逐步替代，形成后成合晶或冠状体假像，即：绿辉石Ⅰ→绿辉石Ⅱ 钠长石 铁氧化物后成合晶，金红石→金红石 钛铁矿，蓝晶石→钠云母。第二期矿物又被第三期矿物(组合)替代：绿辉石Ⅱ( 钠长石 铁氧化物)→角闪石( 斜长石 铁氧化物)，石榴石→韭闪石 铁氧化物。绿帘石与石英是最晚期流体沿微裂隙活动的产物。详细的矿物成分分析及成分迁移估算结果显示，早期后成合晶的形成过程产生多余的Fe、Mg、Na，但消耗部分Ca、Si。产生的Mg、Fe迁移到石榴石边部，引发石榴石内部的(Mg，Fe)／Ca交换，在石榴石颗粒中形成向边部Ca降低、Mg和Fe升高的成分环带。交代产生的Ca被后成合晶消耗，而后成合晶产生的Na被替代蓝晶石的钠云母消耗。在退变质作用晚期，更多流体进入榴辉岩，引发流体渗滤交代反应，无水的早期后成合晶被含水后成合晶(角闪石 斜长石 铁氧化物)替代，同时在石榴石边部形成角闪石 少量铁氧化物反应边。成分迁移估算显示，上述两个过程的成分变化具有一定程度的耦合性。矿物反应曲线、THERMOCALC计算确定的P-T轨迹显示，青龙山榴辉岩的退变质过程主要发生在高压条件(低地温梯度)下，明显不同于北苏鲁地区榴辉岩。这种热演化特点的差异暗示南北苏鲁超高压变质块体可能具有不同的回返历史。  相似文献   

4.
动态高压下斜长石的熔融和玻璃化研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
斜长石在冲击波产生的动态高温高压作用下较易熔融和淬火为非晶态物质，其矿物学名为熔长石。在随州陨石冲击变质特征的研究中，发现橄榄石、辉石等矿物除出现微裂隙外均保存完好，而多数斜长石颗粒则已熔融和玻璃化。可区分出两种形态的熔长石，一种是保持了原有矿物颗粒外形的‘继形熔长石’，另一种则以熔池状和脉状体形式产出的‘改形熔长石’。两种熔长石的光学和物理性质相似，它们的化学成分与晶质斜长石也基本相同，说明斜长石在高压下熔融时没有与周围物质发生明显的组分交换。在吉林陨石的人工冲击实验产物中，斜长石是最先熔融的硅酸盐矿物，也多以填隙的他形颗粒或脉状体和熔池的形式产出。经与其它陨石的静态高压淬火实验研究结果的比较，推定继形和改形熔长石的形成条件为≈20GPa和≤1100℃。本研究结果对了解地幔橄榄岩和俯冲的大洋板片部分熔融作用，以及地球火山岩玻璃和超基性岩中铬尖晶石的玻璃相岩浆包襄体物理化学性质有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

5.
闫艺洪  胡森  张婷  计江龙 《地质学报》2021,95(9):2866-2877
NWA 11288 是一块2015 年发现的玄武岩质辉玻无球粒陨石,具有典型的次辉绿结构,主要由辉石(面积比68. 6%)和熔长石(面积比28. 1%)组成,含少量磷酸盐(面积比 1. 35%)、不透明矿物(面积比 1. 45%)和二氧化硅等副矿物.通过扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和拉曼光谱等实验分析方法,对NWA 11288 进行了岩相学、矿物学及冲击变质作用研究.基于辉石核部的Ti/Al 比值,推测其结晶压力为 930 MPa,结晶深度约为50 km,接近火星壳幔边界.NWA 11288 经历过强烈的冲击变质作用,其中长石全部熔长石化,发育冲击熔脉及熔融囊并出现重结晶的辉石和柯石英.柯石英具有一种前人未报道的新产状:以柯石英-石英-二氧化硅玻璃三相集合体共生,柯石英和石英主要分布在集合体的边部,包裹着核部的二氧化硅玻璃,指示柯石英是在卸压阶段从熔体中结晶形成,且在后续的卸压阶段部分柯石英转变为石英.此外,熔融囊中可见自形的斯石英形态的二氧化硅玻璃;粒间区域可见具有斯石英/赛石英典型特征的二氧化硅颗粒.这些冲击变质特征说明NWA 11288 经历的峰值温度至少为1600℃,峰值压力或可高达15～20 GPa.通过对比NWA 11288 和NWA 8657/8656 的岩石结构、矿物化学成分以及冲击变质特征,本文认为NWA 11288 很可能是NWA 8657/8656 的成对陨石.  相似文献   

6.
NWA 12279为2016年发现的一块斜长岩质月球陨石,由86%的斜长岩和14%的冲击熔融角砾岩组成。斜长岩具嵌晶结构,矿物组成主要为斜长石(70. 6%)、橄榄石(11. 3%)、辉石(10. 0%)、镁铝尖晶石(7. 0%),含少量石英、铬铁矿和钛铁矿;冲击熔融角砾岩具角砾状结构,主要由岩屑(斜长岩、辉长-橄长-斜长岩、微斑熔融角砾岩、辉长岩)、晶屑(橄榄石、辉石、斜长石、尖晶石)、玻屑和基质组成。斜长岩和角砾岩的矿物组成基本一致,主要为斜长石(An_(92. 9～98. 4))、紫苏辉石(Fs_(15. 5～32. 2)Wo_(2. 98～4. 22))、易变辉石(Fs_(27. 9～53. 1)Wo_(7. 19～14. 7))、普通辉石(Fs_(8. 42～38. 9)Wo_(17. 0～44. 1))、橄榄石(Fo_(53. 7～89. 4))、尖晶石[(Mg_(4. 97)Fe_(0. 86))_(5. 83)(Al_(11. 4)Cr_(0. 61))_(12. 0)O_(24)]。通过对陨石的矿物组成、碎屑组成、矿物成分、全岩成分和冲击变质特征进行研究,并和已发现的月球斜长岩进行了对比,认为该陨石可能起源于一个新的富含尖晶石的辉长橄长斜长岩高地。该陨石的斜长岩和角砾岩具有不同的冲击特征,斜长岩区域发育橄榄石面状破裂、斜长石熔长石化及含未熔融的辉石和橄榄石晶屑的冲击熔脉;角砾岩区域发育玻璃质熔脉、冲击熔体及岩石角砾化,这些特征限制了斜长岩区和角砾岩区经历的冲击压力峰值分别约为45 GPa和78 GPa,温度峰值分别约为1 100℃和1890℃,冲击变质阶段为S_5～S_6。  相似文献   

7.
王鹤年  梁英  徐伟彪 《岩石学报》2006,22(2):491-502
GRV 99027陨石是二辉橄榄岩质辉玻无球粒陨石(L-S)的火星陨石新成员,具有嵌晶、非嵌晶和冲击熔融袋结构。矿物模式组成以橄榄石(55%)、辉石(37．5%)为主,有少量熔长石(6%)、铬铁矿(1．5%)以及微量白磷钙石、陨硫铁等。其矿物的化学成分较为均一,无分带现象。橄榄石组分为Fo_(69．1～76．6)Fa_(23．4～30．9),平均Fo_(72．4)Fa_(27．6),低钙易变辉石为En_(59．3～75．1) Fs_(20．5～26．9)Wo_(3．1～14．9),平均En_(68．6)Fs_(23．5)Wo_(8．0),普通辉石为En_(46．6～53)Fs_(13．1～16．1)Wo_(31．9～37．8),平均En_(50．7)Fs_(14．5)Wo_(34．8),熔长石为An_(43．6～59．3) Ab_(40．2～54．6)Or_(0．5～1．8),平均An_(52．4)Ab_(46．7)Or_(0．8)。该陨石的结晶顺序是：亏损的火星幔源区部分熔融形成的原始母岩浆最先结晶的是嵌晶区的橄榄石和铬铁矿,随后易变辉石晶出,呈主晶包裹橄榄石和铬铁矿；此后,橄榄石、易变辉石、普通辉石持续结晶,直到残余熔体在晶隙形成斜长石和白磷钙石等。在这陨石中的易变辉石和普通辉石共存,二辉石温度计显示平衡温度为1000～1190℃(平均≈1146℃)。GRV 99027经历的亚固相再平衡,其程度为ALH 77005≈GRV 99027＞LEW 88516＞Y 793605。GRV 99027经受的冲击压力为30～45 GPa,,局部达到60～80GPa,冲击后温度可能＜600℃。  相似文献   

8.
GRV020022是第19次中国南极科学考察队在南极格罗夫山地区蓝冰上发现的一块陨石,为了解其矿物化学成分,对该陨石进行了扫描电镜观察和电子探针分析。结果显示,GRV020022陨石的主要组成矿物为橄榄石、低钙辉石、铁镍金属、陨硫铁、长石等,且矿物成分不均一,如橄榄石Fa _(8.9-25.6)(平均Fa_(18.3))和低钙辉石Fs _(15.9-21.6)(平均Fs _(17.9)),具球粒结构,基质有一定程度的重结晶,岩石类型属于4型。根据GRV020022陨石的橄榄石平均Fa值、低钙辉石平均Fs值、Fe-Ni合金含量及铁纹石中的Co含量(4.8 mg/g),将该陨石划归H群。另外陨石的冲击变质程度和风化等级分别为S3和W1。  相似文献   

9.
本文研究了2个富钙长石-橄榄石型包体和2个富黄长石-尖晶石型和富尖晶石-辉石型包体（分别来自宁强和南极格罗夫山碳质球粒陨石）的矿物岩石学特征,并对它们进行了对比。富钙长石-橄榄石型包体的矿物模式组成具有富橄榄石和缺失黄长石的特征,其可能是球粒和典型难熔包体之间的中间产物,是认识它们之间相互关系的钥匙。矿物岩石学特征表明富黄长石-尖晶石型和富尖晶石-辉石型包体可能是星云直接凝聚的产物,而富钙长石-橄榄石型包体经历过熔融结晶过程。富钙长石-橄榄石型包体的初始物质可能是富Al的球粒或含难熔组分的蠕虫状橄榄石集合体。矿物化学组成对比研究发现,GRV 022459-RI6中的尖晶石具有最富FeO的特征,表明包体的蚀变可能发生在高氧逸度的星云环境。  相似文献   

10.
李超  仝来喜  刘兆  黄小龙 《岩石学报》2020,36(3):871-892
云开地块早古生代的构造背景至今仍存有争论。对云炉-龙修一带出露的含石榴石紫苏花岗岩进行研究可为该区构造-变质演化提供重要制约。详细的岩相学研究表明紫苏花岗岩中存在两种成因的石榴石(石榴石Ⅰ和石榴石Ⅱ),并识别出该岩石保留了三阶段演化的矿物组合(M_1-M_3)。峰期前矿物组合(M_1)由紫苏辉石变斑晶中的包裹体矿物石榴石+黑云母+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英组成。峰期变质-深熔矿物组合(M_2)由基质中平衡共生的斑晶矿物石榴石Ⅰ+紫苏辉石+黑云母+石英+斜长石+钛铁矿构成。退变质矿物组合(M_3)以紫苏辉石和黑云母以及钛铁矿边部降温生成石榴石Ⅱ+石英冠状体("红眼圈")和黑云母+石英后成合晶为特征。传统地质温压计、平均温压法及在NCKFMASHTO模式体系下的相平衡模拟结果表明,紫苏花岗岩峰期前矿物组合形成条件为720℃/70kbar(M1),峰期变质-深熔结晶条件为835～810℃/65～58kbar(M_2),退变质条件为740℃/56kbar(M_3)。岩相观察和P-T计算结果表明紫苏花岗岩的形成可能反映了一条顺时针的P-T轨迹,且以峰期前略微减压并伴随明显的升温和峰期后具有近等压冷却(IBC)过程为特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学结果显示锆石核部加权平均年龄为～431Ma,锆石边部加权平均年龄为～243Ma。我们认为峰期深熔作用和岩浆结晶石榴石Ⅰ的形成可能发生于早古生代(加里东期),而晚期退变质作用和变质重结晶石榴石Ⅱ的形成可能发生在早中生代(印支期)。本研究也表明云开地区含石榴石紫苏花岗岩的形成与早古生代扬子和华夏陆块碰撞后抬升过程有紧密联系,并遭受了早中生代印支期构造热事件的明显叠加。  相似文献   

11.
The texture of Los Angeles (stone 1) is dominated by relatively large (0.5−2.0 mm) anhedral to subhedral grains of pyroxene, and generally subhedral to euhedral shocked plagioclase feldspar (maskelynite). Minor phases include subhedral titanomagnetite and ilmenite, Fe-rich olivine, olivine+augite-dominated symplectites [some of which include a Si-rich phase and some which do not], pyrrhotite, phosphate(s), and an impact shock-related alkali- and silica-rich glass closely associated with anhedral to euhedral silica grains. Observations and model calculations indicate that the initial crystallization of Mg-rich pigeonitic pyroxenes at ≤1150 °C, probably concomitantly with plagioclase, was followed by pigeonitic and augitic compositions between 1100 and 1050 °C whereas between 1050 and 920 to 905 °C pyroxene of single composition crystallized. Below 920 to 905 °C, single composition Fe-rich clinopyroxene exsolved to augite and pigeonite. Initial appearance of titanomagnetite probably occurred near 990 °C and FMQ-1.5 whereas at and below 990 °C and ≥FMQ-1.5 titanomagnetite and single composition Fe-rich clinopyroxene may have started to react, producing ilmenite and olivine. However, judging from the most common titanomagnetite compositions, we infer that most of this reaction likely occurred between 950 and 900 °C at FMQ-1.0±0.2 and nearly simultaneously with pyroxene exsolution, thus producing assemblages of pigeonite, titanomagnetite, olivine, ilmenite, and augite. We deem this reaction as the most plausible explanation for the formation of the olivine+augite-dominated symplectites in Los Angeles. But we cannot preclude possible contributions to the symplectites from the shock-related alkali- and silica-rich glass or shocked plagioclase, and the breakdown of Fe-rich pigeonite compositions to olivine+augite+silica below 900 °C. Reactions between Fe-Ti oxides and silicate minerals in Los Angeles and other similar basaltic Martian meteorites can control the T-fO2 equilibration path during cooling, which may better explain the relative differences in fO2 among the basaltic Martian meteorites.  相似文献   

12.
Miller Range (MIL) 05035 is a lunar gabbroic meteorite. The mineralogy, Fe/Mn ratios in olivine and pyroxene, bulk-rock chemical composition and the bulk oxygen isotope values (δ17O = 2.86-2.97‰ and δ18O = 5.47-5.71‰) are similar to those of other mare basalts, and are taken as supporting evidence for a lunar origin for this meteorite. The sample is dominated by pyroxene grains (54-61% by area mode of thin section) along with large plagioclase feldspar (25-36% by mode) and accessory quartz, ilmenite, spinel, apatite and troilite. The bulk-rock major element composition of MIL 05035 indicates that the sample has a very low-Ti (VLT) to low-Ti lunar heritage (we measure bulk TiO2 to be 0.9 Wt.%) and has low bulk incompatible trace element (ITE) concentrations, akin to samples from the VLT mare basalt suite. To account for these geochemical characteristics we hypothesize that MIL 05035’s parental melt was derived from a mantle region dominated by early cumulates of the magma ocean (comprised principally of olivine and orthopyroxene). MIL 05035 is likely launch paired with the Asuka-881757 and Yamato-793169 basaltic lunar meteorites and the basaltic regolith breccia MET 01210. This group of meteorites (Y/A/M/M) therefore may be a part of a stratigraphic column consisting of an upper regolith environment underlain by a coarsening downwards basalt lava flow.  相似文献   

13.
<正>GRV 020175 is an Antarctic mesosiderite,containing about 43 vol%silicates and 57 vol% metal.Metal occurs in a variety of textures from irregular large masses,to veins penetrating silicates, and to matrix fine grains.The metallic portion contains kamacite,troilite and minor taenite.Terrestrial weathering is evident as partial replacement of the metal and troilite veins by Fe oxides.Silicate phases exhibit a porphyritic texture with pyroxene,plagioclase,minor silica and rare olivine phenocrysts embedded in a fine-grained groundmass.The matrix is ophitic and consists mainly of pyroxene and plagioclase grains.Some orthopyroxene phenocrysts occur as euhedral crystals with chemical zoning from a magnesian core to a ferroan overgrowth;others are characterized by many fine inclusions of plagioclase composition.Pigeonite has almost inverted to its orthopyroxene host with augite lamellae, enclosed by more magnesian rims.Olivine occurs as subhedral crystals,surrounded by a necklace of tiny chromite grains(about 2-3μm).Plagioclase has a heterogeneous composition without zoning. Pyroxene geothermometry of GRV 020175 gives a peak metamorphic temperature(～1000℃) and a closure temperature(～875℃).Molar Fe/Mn ratios(19-32) of pyroxenes are consistent with mesosiderite pyroxenes(16-35) and most plagioclase compositions(An_(87.5_96.6)) are within the range of mesosiderite plagioclase grains(An_(88-95)).Olivine composition(Fo_(53.8)) is only slightly lower than the range of olivine compositions in mesosiderites(Fo_(55-90)).All petrographic characteristics and chemical compositions of GRV 020175 are consistent with those of mesosiderite and based on its matrix texture and relatively abundant plagioclase,it can be further classified as a type 3A mesosiderite.Mineralogical, penological,and geochemical studies of GRV 020175 imply a complex formation history starting as rapid crystallization from a magma in a lava flow on the surface or as a shallow intrusion.Following primary igneous crystallization,the silicate underwent varying degrees of reheating.It was reheated to 1000℃,followed by rapid cooling to 875℃.Subsequently,metal mixed with silicate,during or after which,reduction of silicates occurred;the reducing agent is likely to have been sulfur.After redox reaction,the sample underwent thermal metamorphism,which produced the corona on the olivine, rims on the inverted pigeonite phenocrysts and overgrowths on the orthopyroxene phenocrysts,and homogenized matrix pyroxenes.Nevertheless,metamorphism was not extensive enough to completely reequilibrate the GRV 020175 materials.  相似文献   

14.
Three genetically unrelated magma suites are found in the extrusivesequences of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. A stratigraphicallylower pillow lava suite contains andesite and dacite glassesand shows the crystallization order plagioclase; augite, orthopyroxene;titanomagnetite (with the pyroxenes appearing almost simultaneously).These lavas can in part be correlated chemically and mineralogicallywith the sheeted dikes and the upper part of the gabbro complexof the ophiolite. The second magma suite is represented in astratigraphically upper extrusive suite and contains basalticandesite and andesite glasses with the crystallizaton orderchromite; olivine; Ca-rich pyroxene; plagioclase. This magmasuite can be correlated chemically and mineralogically withparts of the ophiolitic ultramafic and mafic cumulate sequence,which has the crystallization order olivine; Ca-rich pyroxene;orthopyroxene; plagioclase. The third magma suite is representedby basaltic andesite lavas along the Arakapas fault zone andshows a boninitic crystallization order olivine; orthopyroxene;Ca-rich pyroxene; plagioclase. One-atmosphere, anhydrous phaseequilibria experiments on a lava from the second suite indicateplagioclase crystallization from 1225?C, pigeonite from 1200?C,and augite from 1165?C. These experimental data contrast withthe crystallization order suggested by the lavas and the associatedcumulates. The observed crystallization orders and the presenceof magmatic water in the fresh glasses of all suites are consistentwith evolution under relatively high partial water pressures.In particular, high PH2O (1–3 kb) can explain the lateappearances of plagioclase and Ca-poor pyroxene in the majorityof the basaltic andesite lavas as the effects of suppressedcrystallization temperatures and shifting of cotectic relations.The detailed crystallization orders are probably controlledby relatively minor differences in the normative compositionsof the parental magmas. The basaltic andesite lavas are likelyto reach augite saturation before Ca-poor pyroxene saturation,whereas the Arakapas fault zone lavas, which have relativelyless normative diopside and more quartz, reached the Ca-poorpyroxene-olivine reaction surface and crystallized Ca-poor pyroxeneafter olivine.  相似文献   

15.
The crustal history of volcanic rocks can be inferred from the mineralogy and compositions of their phenocrysts which record episodes of magma mixing as well as the pressures and temperatures when magmas cooled. Submarine lavas erupted on the Hilo Ridge, a rift zone directly east of Mauna Kea volcano, contain olivine, plagioclase, augite ±orthopyroxene phenocrysts. The compositions of these phenocryst phases provide constraints on the magmatic processes beneath Hawaiian rift zones. In these samples, olivine phenocrysts are normally zoned with homogeneous cores ranging from ∼ Fo81 to Fo91. In contrast, plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene phenocrysts display more than one episode of reverse zoning. Within each sample, plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene phenocrysts have similar zoning profiles. However, there are significant differences between samples. In three samples these phases exhibit large compositional contrasts, e.g., Mg# [100 × Mg/(Mg+Fe+2)] of augite varies from 71 in cores to 82 in rims. Some submarine lavas from the Puna Ridge (Kilauea volcano) contain phenocrysts with similar reverse zonation. The compositional variations of these phenocrysts can be explained by mixing of a multiphase (plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene) saturated, evolved magma with more mafic magma saturated only with olivine. The differences in the compositional ranges of plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene crystals between samples indicate that these samples were derived from isolated magma chambers which had undergone distinct fractionation and mixing histories. The samples containing plagioclase and pyroxene with small compositional variations reflect magmas that were buffered near the olivine + melt ⇒Low-Ca pyroxene + augite + plagioclase reaction point by frequent intrusions of mafic olivine-bearing magmas. Samples containing plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts with large compositional ranges reflect magmas that evolved beyond this reaction point when there was no replenishment with olivine-saturated magma. Two of these samples contain augite cores with Mg# of ∼71, corresponding to Mg# of 36–40 in equilibrium melts, and augite in another sample has Mg# of 63–65 which is in equilibrium with a very evolved melt with a Mg# of ∼30. Such highly evolved magmas also exist beneath the Puna Ridge of Kilauea volcano. They are rarely erupted during the shield building stage, but may commonly form in ephemeral magma pockets in the rift zones. The compositions of clinopyroxene phenocryst rims and associated glass rinds indicate that most of the samples were last equilibrated at 2–3 kbar and 1130–1160 °C. However, in one sample, augite and glass rind compositions reflect crystallization at higher pressures (4–5 kbar). This sample provides evidence for magma mixing at relatively high pressures and perhaps transport of magma from the summit conduits to the rift zone along the oceanic crust-mantle boundary. Received: 8 July 1998 / Accepted: 2 January 1999  相似文献   

16.
Deccan volcanism with a tremendous burst of volcanic activity marks a unique episode in Indian geological history and covers nearly two third of Peninsular India. Occurrences of mafic sill in the continental basalts are rather rare throughout the flood basalt provinces and only few sporadic reports have been described from different Continental Flood Basalts of the world. In the present article, petrology of mafic sill from the Narshingpur-Lakhnadon section of Eastern Deccan province of India has been presented. The mafic sill in the field is found to occur in a relatively deep valley amidst Gondwana rocks, which occur as the basement of the extrusion. The sill is spatially associated with three initial flows viz. flow I, II and III of adjacent Narshingpur-Harrai-Amarwara section. The sill in its central part is a medium grained rock and petrographically corresponds to dolerite containing augite, plagioclase and rare olivine grains; the chilled facies of the sill is characterized by phenocrysts of olivine, plagioclase and augite that are set in groundmass consisting predominantly of plagioclase, olivine and glass. Mineral chemistry indicates that olivine phenocrystal phase is magnesian (Fo61). Plagioclase phenocrystal composition ranges from An 51 to An 71 whereas the same variation of the groundmass plagioclase composition corresponds to An 31 to An 62. The overlap in the compositions for groundmass and phenocrystal plagioclase may be explained due to fluctuating PH2O condition. The pyroxene compositions (both groundmass and phenocryst) in majority of the cases are clubbed well within the augite field, however, in a few cases, groundmass compositions are found to fall in the sub-calcic augite and pigeonite field. Some zoned pyroxene phenocrysts, characteristically display different types of zoning patterns. Opaque minerals in the mafic sill are found to be magnetite and ilmenite and this coexisting iron-oxide composition helps to constrain the prevalent fO2 condition in the parent magma. The geochemistry of the mafic sill and associated basaltic lava flows indicates close genetic link amongst them. Critical consideration of trace elements indicates a distinct enriched mantle source (EM-I/EM-II/HIMU) for the parental magma. Trace element modeling indicates that equilibrium batch-melting of plume source followed by fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase and subsequent heterogeneous mixing of melt and settled crystals can very well explain the genesis of the mafic sill and the associated basaltic flows.  相似文献   

17.
Petrogenesis of Franciscan pillow basalts from the Franciscan Complex of western Marin County California entails both dynamic crystallization of tholeiitic magma and subsequent low-temperature metamorphism. Brittle deformation during tectonic emplacement of pillow basalts into a chert greywacke terrain is manifested by the shearing of interpillow matrix and polishing of pillow rims, but the igneous textures within pillows are well preserved.The cooling history of pillow basalts can be understood through analysis of morphologic variations of primary olivine and plagioclase from rim to core of the pillow. Crystal sizes and plagioclase dendrite spacings are consisted with a cooling rate which generally decreases inward. Some pillows show a marked asymmetry in plagioclase and olivine morphology suggesting lower cooling rates caused by asymmetric cooling of the pillows. Olivine morphologies, primarily hopper and chain forms, are consistent with cooling rates of 2–10 °C/h for pillow cores and 50–75 °C/h for pillow rims.Low temperature hydrothermal alteration has produced secondary minerals indicative of zeolite facies conditions. Pillow matrix is either chloritic or zeolitic (in part laumontized). Pillow rims display incomplete replacement of calcic palagonite by pumpellyite (Fe2O3=9–21 wt%), prehnite (Fe2O3=5–7 wt%), sphene and quartz. Metamorphism of pillow interiors, manifested by: (1) veins of quartz, pumpellyite, calcite, or harmotome (BaO=15 wt%); (2) amygdules containing analcime, chlorite or quartz; and (3) replacement of olivine by pumpellyite or smectite/illite, of plagioclase by albite (An3)+sericite, and of glassy groundmass by fine-grained chlorite. Primary augite (Wo339En13Fs48) was not altered. The described paragenesis may be attributed to oceanfloor and/or Franciscan-type metamorphism.  相似文献   

18.
Approximately 150 km west of Mexico City in the central part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB) near Zitácuaro, Mexico, young volcanism has produced shield volcanoes, large volume silicic deposits, and fault-related basalt and andesite lava flows and cinder cones. This paper concerns a small cluster of Pleistocene andesite cones and flows which can be separated into two distinct groups: high-magnesium andesites (>6% MgO, 57–59% SiO2), conveniently called basaltic andesites, with phenocrysts of orthopyroxene and augite, or augite and olivine; and andesites (60–62% SiO2, <4.6% MgO), which have phenocrysts of orthopyroxene and augite, and ghosts of relict hornblende. Remarkably, plagioclase phenocrysts are absent, and evenly distributed but sparse (0.5–3.5%) quartz xenocrysts are present in all the lavas. In order to establish the conditions under which early crystallizing plagioclase is suppressed in these lavas, water saturated experiments up to 3 kbars were performed on one of the basaltic andesites. The conditions required to reproduce the phenocryst assemblages (either olivine + augite or opx + augite) are temperatures in excess of 1000 °C, with water saturated liquids (>3 wt%) at pressures of about 1 kbar. Compared to basaltic andesites of western Mexico, the Zitácuaro basaltic andesites have ∼2 wt% lower Al2O3 concentrations, which causes plagioclase to precipitate at significantly lower temperatures, and it therefore follows the crystallization sequence: olivine, augite, and orthopyroxene. Based on ubiquitous quartz xenocrysts, with glassy rhyolitic inclusions, a reasonable conclusion is that substantial mixing of a quartz-bearing rhyolitic magma with a parental basaltic andesite has occurred at low pressure (shallow depth), and this would account for the low Al2O3 concentrations in the Zitácuaro basaltic andesites. Whatever the mechanism of incorporation, the quartz xenocrysts are evidence of contamination of basaltic magma with more siliceous material, thus making it difficult to use these magmas as indicators of mantle melting processes. Received: 29 July 1997 / Accepted: 29 January 1998  相似文献   

19.
Luna 20 soil 22003,1 (250–500 μ) is similar to Apollo 16 soil 61501,47 (250–500 μ) in terms of the percentage of different types of particles. However, among the lithic fragments, the Apollo 16 sample contains a greater percentage of fragments with more than 70 wt. % modal plagioclase and a significantly greater proportion of KREEP-rich particles. Modal analyses of non-mare lithic fragments in Luna 20 and Apollo 11, 14, 15 and 16 indicate that the KREEP-poor highland regions (the bulk of the lunar terrae), though relatively feldspathic, are compositionally inhomogeneous, ranging in plagioclase content from approximately 35 to 100 wt. %. The average plagioclase content lies in the range 45–70 wt.%. Luna 20 pyroxene analyses cluster in two groups, one more magnesian than the other. The groups persist when pyroxene analyses from KREEP-poor noritic, troctolitic and anorthositic lithic fragments from Apollo 11, 14, 15 and 16 and Luna 20 are included. Olivine compositions mimic these pyroxene groups.Within each pyroxene group Cr2O3 and TiO2 decrease as Fe(Fe + Mg) increases, suggesting a relationship by fractional crystallization. The two groups suggest that at least two magma compositions were involved. To account for these observations we envisage a Moon-wide magma system in which initial accretionary heterogeneities were imperfectly erased by diffusion and convection. During the cooling of this magma system fractional crystallization was effected by the flotation of plagioclase and sinking of pyroxene, olivine and perhaps ilmenite. The endproduct was an upper layer enriched in plagioclase and a lower layer enriched in mafic silicates. KREEP-rich rocks, which are predominantly noritic in major element composition, may be mechanical mixtures of KREEP-poor norite and material residual after fractional crystallization of the surface magma system.  相似文献   

20.
Mid-Oceanic Ridge Basalt (MORB) samples collected from southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) have been investigated. These highly phyric plagioclase basalts (HPPB) and moderately phyric plagioclase basalts (MOPB) show rare cumulate and vitrophyric textures with plagioclase (>10% as phenocryst) and abundant glass (>72%). Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) showed large compositional variations in the megacrysts as well as microcrysts of plagioclase (An62 to An82), olivine (Fo78 to Fo87), pyroxene (ferroaugite to augite) and iron oxides, mostly titaniferous magnetite. Olivine grains show high Mg# (>80%) and distinctly low in NiO (0.01–0.2%). Ferroan trevorite (NiO =16.22 and FeO(t) =83.06) a characteristic meteoritic mineral has been identified from the olivine megacrysts of MORB, possibly attributed to Ni-enrichment, resulted from heterogeneity of the lower mantle. Wide range of An composition in plagioclase is indicative of large pressure range of crystal nucleation under decompression at a depth of ∼70 km (An82) up to the ocean spreading centre. Absence of zoning observed in all the minerals present in the MORB samples, possibly attributed to unmixing and dominant fractionation process.  相似文献   

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