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1.
东准噶尔贝勒库都克铝质A型花岗岩的厘定及意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
初步研究表明,长期以来被认为S型花岗岩的贝勒库都克黑云母花岗岩应为铝质A型花岗岩.该岩体以富硅(SiO2=75.25%～76.67%)和碱(Na2O+K2O=8.08%～8.97%),贫镁(MgO=0.02%～0.18%)和钙(CaO =0.39%～0.89%),氧化指数变化较大(W=0.02～0.15)以及高FeOT/MgO比值(12.71～84.51,平均34.55)为特征.其K2O＞Na2O,NK/A=0.86～0.95(平均0.92),A/CNK=0.97～1.02(＞0.95),属偏铝-过铝质钙碱-弱碱性岩石.在微量元素和稀土元素组成上,岩石富Ga、Zr和Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr等元素.10 000 Ga/Al比值(2.97～4.20)均大于A型花岗岩的下限值(2.6),明显高于I型和S型花岗岩的平均值(分别为2.10和2.28).在Zr、Ce、Nb对10 000 Ga/Al以及FeOT/MgO对(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)、SiO2等A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点均落在A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的I、S型花岗岩明显不同.这些特征表明,贝勒库都克黑云母花岗岩与国内外铝质A型花岗岩(如福建沿海、东西准噶尔和澳大利亚Lachlan褶皱带铝质A型花岗岩)十分相似.在Nb-Y-Ce、R1-Ga/Al和R1-R2构造环境判别图上,显示出造山后花岗岩的特征.贝勒库都克铝质A型花岗岩的厘定,不仅对探讨卡拉麦里地区地壳物质组成及构造演化有着重要的地质意义,还为我国新疆北部寻找与铝质A型花岗岩有关的锡矿资源开辟了方向. 相似文献
2.
湖南金鸡岭铝质A型花岗岩的厘定及构造环境分析 总被引：47，自引：4，他引：43
湘南九嶷山中生代金鸡岭复式花岗岩体出露面积约 390 km2,由螃蟹木和金鸡岭岩体组成.该岩体以富 Si(SiO2 75.00%～ 76.86% )、富碱 (ALK 6.60%～ 8.88% )、贫 Mg (MgO 0.01%～ 0.19% )和 Ca (CaO 0.30%～ 0.93% )以及高 FeO /MgO比值 (7～ 86,平均 39)为特征.其 K2O/Na2O > 1、 NK/A=0.70～ 0.92(平均 0.86),A/CNK=1.00～ 1.20,属偏铝-过铝质钙碱-弱碱性岩石. 在微量元素和同位素组成上,岩石富 Ga、 Th、 Y、 Zr、 U和 Nb等高场强元素及亏损 Ni、 Cr、 Eu、 Ti、 V、 P和 Sr等元素. 10 000× Ga/Al比值 (2.9～ 4.9,平均 3.3)较高, Isr值 (0.713 01～ 2.957 41)变化大.在 Zr、 Nb、 Ce和 Y对 Ga/Al以及 FeO /MgO 和 (Na2O K2O)/CaO对 (Zr Nb Ce Y)等 A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点主要落在 A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的 I、 S型花岗岩明显不同.上述特征表明,金鸡岭复式花岗岩与国内外铝质 A型花岗岩 (如广东南昆山、江苏苏州和澳大利亚 Lachlan褶皱带铝质 A型花岗岩 )十分相似.与一般 A型花岗岩相比,金鸡岭复式花岗岩的ε Nd(t)(- 6.7～- 7.5)较低, Nd模式年龄 (1 486～ 1 556 Ma)小于区域上变质基底和中国东南部中生代花岗岩类的平均 Nd模式年龄,表明其主要来源于地壳物质的熔融,但可能有少量新生地幔物质加入.区域岩石地球化学和岩石组合特点显示 ,研究区铝质 A型花岗岩形成于大陆边缘裂谷环境. 相似文献
3.
广东南昆山 A型花岗岩出露面积约 2 0 0 km2 ,中粒等粒结构、块状构造 ,由铁叶云母、钠长石、微斜条纹长石和石英组成。弱过铝质 ,强亚碱质 ,富氟 (5 5 36× 1 0 - 6 ～ 90 5 4× 1 0 - 6 )贫氯 ,高的锆石饱和温度 (81 0～ 84 7℃ ) ,高 1 0 4 Ga/ Al比值 (4.37～ 7.2 6 )和高 Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量 (45 0× 1 0 - 6 ～ 5 85× 1 0 - 6 )等 ,均与澳大利亚铝质 A型花岗岩相似。岩石内普遍发育环带云母 ,电子探针分析表明 ,复杂环带云母通常由若干黑云母条带 (铁叶云母 )和白云母条带组成 ,可识别出 3个构成部分 :核部带 ,幔部带和边部带。核部带形成于原岩浆处在深位时结晶的 ,幔部带形成于岩浆自深位快速上升到浅位时结晶的 ,而边部带形成在岩浆冷凝终结时。它们之间不同的边界形态说明了岩浆经历过铁钛氧化物的分离结晶作用、外来岩浆注入作用和去气作用等。环带云母是岩浆结晶历史的极好指纹。花岗岩锆石 U- Pb定年为 1 4 7± 0 .8Ma,应为中侏罗世—晚侏罗世侵入的。 相似文献
4.
赣南燕山早期岩浆作用强烈,岩石成因以I型花岗岩为主,见少量S型花岗岩及A型花岗岩。在赣南兴国地区新识别了晚侏罗世永丰和隆市A型花岗岩,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为155 Ma和157～154 Ma,具有铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,如富硅(70.22%～77.08%)、高(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)(189×10~(-6)～348×10~(-6))、高FeO~T/MgO值(3.39～11.57);具相对较高Ga/Al值(2.4×10~(-4)～2.9×10~(-4));富集Th、U、Hf等高场强元素和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb和Ta元素。在赣南厘定出了一条北东向晚侏罗世铝质A型花岗岩带(162～152 Ma),它们具有相似的Hf同位素组成,T_(DM2)大部分集中在2.0～1.8 Ga之间,平均为1.9 Ga,暗示它们可能形成于相似的古老地壳物质的部分熔融。根据地球化学特征,并结合邻近的赣南全南地区存在同时代的"裂谷型"黄埠正长岩,认为赣南晚侏罗世铝质A型花岗岩带形成于板内拉张环境,可能与古太平洋板块俯冲-后退有关。 相似文献
5.
孔吾萨依花岗岩体位于新疆西天山阿拉套山南坡东侧,岩体主要由碱长花岗岩、粗粒钾长花岗岩、细粒钾长花岗岩组成。碱长花岗岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄值为293.1±3.6Ma,细粒钾长花岗岩的年龄为293±3.7Ma。三类花岗岩具相似的地球化学特征,属准铝质—弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩。从碱长花岗岩到粗粒钾长花岗岩再到细粒钾长花岗岩,其Eu负异常程度越来越高,元素Ba、Sr、P、Ti等的亏损及Rb、Th、U等的富集程度逐步增高,显示三者的岩浆之间具有结晶分异趋势。碱长花岗岩、粗粒钾长花岗岩及细粒钾长花岗岩均富Ga(10~4Ga/Al比值2.6～3.5)、高Fe~*值(=FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO),0.88～0.97)和具较高的TiO_2/MgO比值(0.51～1.25),显示出典型A型花岗岩的特征。研究区A型花岗岩具有高的锆石饱和温度(853.86～931.56℃)和低的锆石Ce(Ⅳ)/Ce(Ⅲ)比值(1.9～77),暗示该A型花岗岩岩浆形成于高温和低氧逸度条件下。三类花岗岩具较高的Y含量(43.3×10~(-6)～106×10~(-6))、较高的ε_(Nd)(t)(+3.0～+5.2)和较低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值(0.7027～0.7069),表明孔吾萨依A型花岗岩可能源于玄武质地壳的部分熔融。但与西天山石炭纪玄武岩相比,孔吾萨依花岗岩的ε_(Nd)(t)值较低,而(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值较高,因此孔吾萨依花岗岩的岩浆源区应有古老地壳物质的加入。 相似文献
6.
湘南地区燕山期成矿花岗岩的主元素地球化学特征可划分为3种类型,不同成矿花岗岩形成的岩浆演化机理有明显差异:(1)成矿花岗岩的K_2O/Na_2O比值较高,均显示高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列特征。(2)MC型与CM型早期次单元花岗岩相对贫硅、碱.富钙、镁、铁,铝质指数(A/KNC)较低,碱度指数(KN/A)都不高,属镁质-铁质准铝质的高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类,总体显示出I型花岗岩的特征。C型和CM型晚期次单元花岗岩相对富硅碱、贫镁钙,属铁质弱过铝质-过铝质钾玄岩系列-高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类:岩石的FeO~T/MgO值明显高于一般I型和M型花岗岩.较高的FeO~T值又与高分异的I型花岗岩相区别,总体显示出S型花岗岩的特征。(3)成矿花岗岩的F或Cl含量高.岩浆向过铝质方向或过碱性方向演化,晚期岩浆中的高场强元素浓度增大,导致MC型与CM型的花岗岩的早期次单元多有Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb等多金属化,C型和CM型的晚期次单元花岗岩则常有大型Sn、W、Pb、Zn、Nb、Ta和稀土等矿化。(4)成矿花岗岩的形成与壳幔岩浆混合作用有关.形成MC型和CM型早期次单元花岗岩的岩浆演化主要是岩浆混合作用.而CM型花岗岩晚期次的花岗岩类和C型花岗岩类的岩浆演化可能还存在分离结晶作用。 相似文献
7.
西准阿克巴斯陶铝质A型花岗岩厘定及意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岩石学和元素地球化学研究表明,阿克巴斯陶岩体属铝质A型花岗岩.该岩体以富硅(SiO2=74.51%～78.39%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.87%～8.53%)和铝(Al2O3=11.8%～13.33%)、贫镁(MgO=0.15%～0.46%)、贫钙(CaO=0.45%～1.02%)和磷(P2O5=0.01%～0.06%),氧化指数变化较大(W=0.22～0.57),高FeOt/MgO比值(2.76～9.24,平均5.83)为特征.其K2ONa2O,NK/A=0.60～0.68,A/NCK=1.00～1.06,均大于1,属弱过铝质岩石.微量和稀土元素组成上,岩石富高场强元素(Zr和Hf等),亏损Ba,Nb,Ta,Y等元素.Zr+Nb+Ce+Y元素组合平均值(368.3×10-6)大于A型花岗岩下限值(350×10-6).在FeOt/MgO-Zr+Nb+Ce+Y和Rb/Ba-Zr+Ce+Y两类地球化学判别图解上均落入A型花岗岩区.δEu为0.038～0.130,铕强烈亏损,稀土分布曲线为"V"字型.上述特征表明,阿克巴斯陶岩体与国内外铝质A型花岗岩十分相似.在Nb-Y-Ce、AR-R1和R1-R2构造环境判别图上,显示出后造山花岗岩特征.阿克巴斯陶铝质A型花岗岩的厘定,对探讨西准噶尔地区构造演化问题具有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
琼北地区花岗岩出露较少,多零星分布在翁田镇至大致坡镇一带。本次研究选取该区域的翁田岩体为研究对象,通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,限定该岩体形成时代为245.1±2.4 Ma,属于中三叠世。翁田岩体主要岩性为中粒斑状黑云母正长花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列,具有高SiO2(74.57～76.15 wt%)、高碱(Na2O+K2O=7.15～8.48 wt%)、低MgO(0.19～0.31 wt%)的特征,属于准铝质-过铝质花岗岩。岩石轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具强的负Eu异常,富集大离子亲石元素如Rb、Th、U、K等,明显亏损Nb、Ta,强烈亏损Ba、Ti、Sr、P,具高104Ga/Al、FeOt/MgO、K2O/Na2O比值和高(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量,具有铝质A型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料,翁田铝质A型花岗岩的出现,表明海南岛在中三叠世处于伸展环境。 相似文献
9.
初步研究表明,以往被认为是典型的S型花岗岩或改造-重熔型花岗岩的泗岭岩体应为铝质A型花岗岩。该岩体高硅、碱、钾而明显贫钙、镁;高(K2O Na2O)/CaO值(平均16.79)和AKI指数(平均0.92);FeO*/MgO比值大(平均13.95),高于M型、S型和I型花岗岩,而与世界A型花岗岩平均值(13.4)相近;岩石为弱碱性、准铝-弱过铝质,富含稀土元素、HFSE元素,高Rb、F和Nb,反映其具A型花岗岩的成分特征。泗岭岩体氧同位素δ18O为 8‰～ 9‰,反映岩浆主要起源于下地壳。该岩体侵位于拉张的构造环境,是晚白垩世早期一次重要的构造-岩浆热事件,同时也反映了区域性孝丰—三门湾大断裂与学川—湖州大断裂在晚白垩世早期处于拉伸阶段。 相似文献
10.
在华北克拉通陆续发现有大量的古元古代末-中元古代早期A-型花岗岩,它们具有独特的地球化学特征和特定的形成条件,可为进一步了解A-型花岗岩的岩石成因以及华北克拉通由结晶基底的形成向稳定盖层发育时期构造环境的转折提供重要依据。本文对华北克拉通南缘产出的垣头花岗岩体进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和Nd-Hf-O同位素研究。结果表明,垣头岩体岩石类型主要为正长花岗岩,形成时代为1841±4Ma;全岩样品具有较高的铁(FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)=0. 75～0. 86)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=8. 11%～9. 13%,K_2O/Na_2O 1)、低MgO (0. 28%～0. 56%)、P_2O_5(0. 04%～0. 08%)和MnO(0. 03%～0. 04%),富含大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Th、U、K)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),具有Eu、Sr负异常,高10,000Ga/Al比值( 2. 76)、准铝质-弱过铝质且不含碱性暗色矿物,属于铝质A-型花岗岩;全岩εNd(t)=-4. 68、tC DM=2. 70Ga,锆石εHf(t)=-12. 0～-4. 71、tC8DM=3. 22～2. 78Ga,锆石δ1O=5. 4‰～6. 5‰(加权平均值为6. 1‰),指示它们是古老基底物质部分熔融的产物。结合区域上的地质特征和研究资料,我们认为垣头A-型花岗岩体形成于碰撞后的伸展环境,标志着华北克拉通1. 85Ga前后的造山运动的结束。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
16.
17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献