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1.
埃达克岩:关于其成因的一些不同观点   总被引:171,自引:57,他引:114  
埃达克岩的概念是十多年前提出来的,指由俯冲的年轻洋壳熔融形成的火成岩。自从最初在现代岛弧近十几个地方报道埃达克岩以来,新近又在几个地方发现有埃达克岩(如日本西南部,外墨西哥火山岩带,等等)。但是,过去十 多年的研究也表明,埃达克岩可以由俯冲期间的其它过程产生(例如,沿俯冲板片的撕裂边,留在上地幔中的板片残余等)。另外,埃达克岩似乎与一些岩石呈共生组合,这些岩石包括高镁安山岩、富Nb的弦玄武岩(NEAB),还可能有玻安岩(几个研究者已在玻安岩中发现有埃达克岩的组分)。高镇安山岩不是来自埃达克与地幔的相互作用(Adak-type),就是来自此相互作用期间地幔的熔融(Piip-type);富Nb的弦玄武岩,据认为是来自一种被埃达我岩广泛交代的地幔的部分熔融。作为一个新的岩套,埃达克岩交代火山岩系列已被建议用来解释各种岩石组合。此外,大量的富Pb弧玄武岩也已被发现包含有超镁铁质的地幔包体,而这些包体有高亏损地幔与埃达克反应的明显证据。关于主要与下地壳熔而不是冲板片有关的埃达克岩的起源已提出几种假说,一个模型认为,下地壳熔融出现在玄武质岩浆底侵下地壳时。但是,有许多理由似乎可以排除这种模式。另一种模型认为,在大陆地壳很厚的区域,下地壳可能变成榴辉岩,从而拆离并下沉到地幔中(拆沉)。这个拆沉过程将导致下地壳下中拆沉的下地壳的上部与相对热的地幔接触,进而可引起下地壳熔融和埃达克岩的形成。这使我们认为,在中国东部发现的与俯冲作用无关的白垩纪埃达克可能是下地壳熔融与拆沉作用的产物。我们 还要强调,如果下地壳熔融与拆沉作用真能形成埃达克岩,那么埃达克岩这一术语不应该仅仅局限于与板片熔融有关的过程,而应包括那些与下地壳熔融有关的过程。太古宙的大陆地壳主要由奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩和英安岩(TTD)组成。这种大陆地壳是来自板片熔融还是下地壳熔融仍是有争议的。然而,我们认为,太古宙期间地幔的较高温度会导致较多的洋中脊的形成,从而产生比今天“更多”的年轻洋壳的俯冲。据此,我们认为,太古宙TTD大陆地宙主要由板片熔融形成。我们也注意到,太古宙是广泛金矿化的时期。有些研究者还发现,金和铜的矿化与埃达克质交代火山岩系列有关。因此,该火山岩系列可能会寻找金属矿床的一个重要标志。  相似文献   

2.
埃达克质岩的金属成矿作用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
介绍了“埃达克质岩”的术语、与成矿有关的埃达克质岩的分布、成矿背景,讨论了埃达克质岩有利于成矿的控制因素。“埃达克质岩”是指那些具有与俯冲洋壳熔融形成的“埃达克岩”类似地球化学特征,如SiO2≥56%,Al2O3≥15%,亏损Y(≤18×10-6)和重稀土元素(如Yb≤1.9×10-6),高Sr(很少样品的Sr含量低于400×10-6),无-正Eu,Sr异常,贫高场强元素等,但可以形成于不同构造背景并可有不同成因的岩浆岩。埃达克质岩具有重要的金属成矿意义,其有利成矿背景主要包括岛弧、大陆板内伸展和大陆活动碰撞造山带环境。世界上许多(包括三个最大的)斑岩铜矿都与埃达克质斑岩密切共生,因此埃达克质岩的成矿潜力巨大。在岛弧和大陆板内伸展环境中,来自俯冲玄武质洋壳或洋壳沉积物或拆沉的大陆地壳产生的熔体或释放的超临界流体与地幔的相互作用,一方面可能导致熔体被地幔橄榄岩混染,另一方面可能导致高Fe2O3含量的熔体或超临界流体对地幔的交代作用,地幔氧逸度升高,地幔金属硫化物被氧化分解,有利于铜、金等的矿化。  相似文献   

3.
深部过程对埃达克质岩石成分的制约   总被引:45,自引:18,他引:27  
埃达克岩、太古宙TTG和中国东部广泛出露的燕山期埃达克质中酸性火山-侵入岩在岩石地球化学特征方面有许多相似之处,也有一些显著的差异。与典型的埃达克岩相比,太古宙TTG具有相对高Si和低Mg^#的特点:中国东部埃达克质岩石多表现为低Mg^#贫A120,和高K特征。埃达克岩相对高Mg^#是由于俯冲洋壳部分熔融产生的原生埃达克岩熔体受到了地幔橄榄岩的混染,太古宙TTG多无明显的地幔混染印记,反映其可能主要形成于下地壳底侵玄武岩的部分熔融,而与洋壳俯冲没有直接联系。中国东部埃达克质岩石相对低Mg^#畜K,暗示其可能是下地壳底侵玄武岩部分熔融或拆沉-熔融的产物,而幔源富钾熔体的混合、壳内分异和混染过程都有可能影响其成分特征中国东部部分地区的高镁埃达克质岩石可能揭示了下地壳拆沉一熔融和地幔混染过程。钾质埃达克岩的源区可能是被小比例软流圈熔体交代富集的底侵玄武岩层(增厚的下地壳)。结合燕山期岩浆作用和构造转换的特点来看,埃达克岩的形成是中国东部晚中生代岩石圈强烈减薄和大规模岩浆作用产物的一部分,这一重大构造体制的转换可能与地幔柱上涌对岩石圈的侵蚀和导致的伸展作用有关。  相似文献   

4.
埃达克质岩的构造背景与岩石组合   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
本文介绍了埃达克质岩形成的构造背景与岩石组合。埃达克质岩可以形成于不同的构造背景并与不同类型的岩石同时出现:1)火山弧环境中常出现埃达克质岩一高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合,它的形成可能与板片熔融以及熔体一地幔橄榄岩的相互作用有关;2)大陆活动碰撞造山带环境(如羌塘)中埃达克质岩常与同期钾质或橄榄玄粗质岩共生,这可能与俯冲陆壳熔融和俯冲陆壳熔体交代的地幔橄榄岩熔融有关;3)造山带伸展垮塌环境(如大别山)中埃达克质岩会伴随有镁铁质一超镁铁质岩浆出露,增厚下地壳产生埃达克质岩浆后的榴辉岩质残留体拆沉进入地幔,与地幔橄榄岩的混合可能形成后期镁铁质一超镁铁质岩浆的源区;4)大陆板内伸展环境中埃达克质岩常与同期橄榄玄粗质的岩石共生,增厚、拆沉下地壳,以及富集地幔的熔融或岩浆混合在岩石的成因中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

5.
位于华北克拉通东南缘、郯庐断裂带西侧的利国岩体形成于白垩纪,由闪长玢岩及少量花岗闪长斑岩组成.与之伴生有一些铜-铁矿化.利国岩体的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似如,SiO2>56%,较高Al2O3(13.69%~15.15%)、Sr(452×106~617×106)、Sr/Y(30~93)与La/Yb(8~24),但低Y(4.84×106~15.55×106).Vb(0.48×106~1.45×106),无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.87~0.98).另外,根据其Mg4/5、FeOT/MgO值,又可以分为高锾、较高镁和低镁三类岩石.高镁的岩石类似于赞岐岩.利国埃达克质岩的(87Sr/86Sr)I=0.7055~0.7071,εNd(t)=-11.46~-4.64.不同于俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩.我们认为,利国较高镁和低镁埃达克质岩的形成可能与拆沉榴辉质下地壳熔融产生的熔体受到地幔橄榄岩不同程度的混染有关,但是高镁埃达克质岩可能由被拆沉下地壳熔融产生的熔体交代的地幔橄榄岩熔融形成.利国岩体可能是中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄的产物,并可能与郯庐断裂带的活动有关.拆沉榴辉质下地壳熔融产生的熔体与地幔橄榄岩的强烈相互作用可能导致地幔中金属硫化物的分解,并最终导致区内铜矿化.  相似文献   

6.
埃达克质岩与成矿:困惑与探索   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据起源于下地壳的中酸性岩浆岩的成分变化,可以约束其源区深度以及地壳最小厚度,为大陆板内成矿作用的深部过程研究提供重要信息。全球范围内,许多世界级斑岩铜矿和浅成热液矿化系统与同期的埃达克质岩存在密切的时空与成因联系,在国内主要成矿区带也识别出与金属成矿作用有关的埃达克(质)岩。与俯冲过程无关的埃达克质岩的识别,使我们有可能结合其他地质证据构建完全不同于Sillitoe(1972)B型俯冲环境的斑岩铜矿成矿模式的大陆板内斑岩(夕卡岩)型金属矿床成矿模式。对于规模巨大、矿质主要源自地幔的热液矿床的形成,埃达克(质)岩可能是必要条件,但不是充分条件。埃达克(质)岩的成矿潜力通过地幔物质加入而获取,埃达克(质)岩的成矿专属性由上地幔成矿元素分布特征决定。与俯冲有关的埃达克质岩浆之所以有利于成矿,重要的原因是存在大量来自俯冲板片的高压、高温流体以及俯冲板片熔融形成高氧逸度(fO2)的熔体,但产出在大陆板内背景、与俯冲无关的埃达克(质)岩的成矿机制还不清楚。根据现代资源勘查理念,结合综合地质信息分析,埃达克质岩具有实际找矿意义。  相似文献   

7.
埃达克岩与埃达克质岩在中国的研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
综述了从2000年至现今中国科学家研究板片熔融形成的埃达克岩与非板片熔融产生的埃达克质岩所取得的代表性研究进展和重要贡献。作者提出埃达克质岩的4种成因类型:(1)下地壳部分熔融的埃达克质岩;(2)拆沉下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质岩;(3)基性岩浆高压分异的埃达克质岩;(4)混合成因的埃达克质岩。并总结出拆沉下地壳部分熔融、岩石圈拆沉、岩浆混合机制形成埃达克质岩是中国科学家提出的新成因模型,最后讨论了埃达克质岩与非俯冲环境的斑岩Cu-MoAu矿床的成因联系。  相似文献   

8.
新疆天山北部地区存在有石炭纪的埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合,并且其中许多岩石与铜(金)矿床伴生(如达巴特、阿希、土屋-延东、赤湖,等等)。埃达克岩富钠、高Sr但亏损Y与Yb,无明显Eu-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常与Nb、Ti亏损。高镁安山(闪长)岩是本次研究首次报道的,这些岩石无明显Eu-正Eu异常以及Nb、Ti亏损,普遍具有高的MgO和Cr、Ni含量,其中阿希金矿区一些样品类似于日本西南新生代Setouchi弧火山岩带中的赞岐岩类。富Nb玄武质岩富钠贫钾,具有微弱负.正Ba、Nb和Ti异常以及高的Nb/La比值,不同于大多数正常岛弧玄武岩。天山北部地区石炭纪埃达克岩具有高的8Nd(t)(+3.4-+9.0)和低的(^87Sr/^86Sr)i(0.7032—0.7043)。富Nb玄武质岩具有变化的εNd(t)(+3.6-+11.6)和(^87Sr/^86Sr);(0.7007—0.7067)。我们的研究表明,天山北部地区石炭纪埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合可能是“埃达克岩交代的岛弧岩浆岩系列”。埃达克岩最有可能由石炭纪北天山洋的年轻洋壳在俯冲过程中熔融形成。另外,俯冲板片产生的熔体以及所释放的少量流体在上升过程中可能交代地幔楔橄榄岩或与其发生反应:一方面,触发地幔楔橄榄岩发生熔融形成富Nb岛弧玄武质岩;另一方面,地幔组分迅速进入到板片熔体中,导致其地幔组分增加,乃至形成高镁安山岩。因此,天山北部地区石炭纪埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合表明:(1)天山北部地区石炭纪可能为岛弧环境而非裂谷环境;(2)天山地区石炭纪的地壳生长可能以侧向增生为主;(3)除了亏损地幔之外,俯冲洋壳的熔融可能也在地壳的生长中发挥了重要的作用;(4)俯冲板片产生的埃达克质岩浆具有高的氧逸度,而其与地幔楔橄榄岩的强烈相互作用将导致地幔中的金属硫化物分解,成矿金属元素进入到岩浆中。这可能是新疆北部铜金矿化与一些埃达克岩、高镁安山(闪长)岩或富Nb岛弧玄武质岩密切共生的基本原因。  相似文献   

9.
延吉地区古新世埃达克岩成因的岩浆混合证据   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文通过年代学、矿物学、主量元素、微量元素和同位素的研究,指出延吉地区古新世富镁埃达克岩起源于被俯冲板片熔体交代的地幔楔。单斜辉石和角闪石斑晶所显示的反环带结构为幔源富镁埃达克熔体于壳源中酸性岩浆混合的结果,而非前人普遍认为的熔体—地幔的反应产物;其地球化学特征表现出的岩浆演化趋势可以很好地用地壳混染/AFC过程来解释。延吉古新世埃达克岩形成于俯冲后岩石圈伸展作用背景,与太平洋板块的俯冲后撤作用有关。因此,我们认为富镁埃达克岩的形成不必强调同期洋脊的俯冲作用,只要早先或同时有俯冲板片熔体交代,在合适的p-t条件下交代地幔并发生熔融作用,就能形成这一类岩石。  相似文献   

10.
中国东部埃达克岩及成矿作用   总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6  
埃达克岩(adakite)最初是指与俯冲洋壳部分熔融有关的一类高铝的中酸性侵入岩或火山岩。主要地球化学特点有:高Sr、低Y和Yb,轻重稀土元素强烈分异,不具有明显的Eu负异常,K2O/Na2O比值低。埃达克岩从发现、命名以来,一直是国际地学界关注的前沿课题之一。埃达克岩研究之所以方兴未艾,一则是其特殊的地球化学性质,二则是其成矿专属性。中国东部是目前国内发现埃达克岩最多的地区,主要为中生代侵入岩和火山岩,分布在长江中下游区、胶东地区及晋京辽区(或京冀区、东北区)。其中,长江中下游是重要的铜金多金属成矿带,胶东是重要的金矿带。目前,对中国东部埃达克岩成因的解释有四种模式:加厚古老下地壳的直接部分熔融、底侵玄武质下地壳部分熔融、拆沉下地壳部分熔融以及洋中脊俯冲。埃达克岩与铜金成矿的机制目前的研究还不是很透彻。一般认为埃达克质岩浆富流体、高氧逸度和基性源岩,这些特点均有利于Cu、Au等深源金属元素的萃取与富集成矿。  相似文献   

11.
Melting of subducting oceanic lithosphere and associated melt-mantle interactions in convergent plate margins require specific geodynamic environment that allows the oceanic slab to be abnormally heated. Here we focus on the Early Mesozoic mafic rocks and granite porphyry, which provide insights into slab melting processes associated with final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The granite porphyry samples are calc-alkaline and distinguished by high Sr contents, strong depletion of heavy rare earth elements, resulting in high (La/Yb)N and Sr/Y ratios, and negligible Eu anomalies. Based on their high Na2O and MgO, low K2O contents, positive εHf(t) and εNd(t) and low (87Sr/86Sr)i values, we propose that the granite porphyry was likely derived from partial melting of subducting Paleo-Asian oceanic crust. The Nb-enriched mafic rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, Pb and K, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ba, P and Ti, corroborating a subduction-related origin. Their heterogeneous Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic compositions and other geochemical features suggest that they were likely derived from partial melting of peridotitic mantle wedge interacted with oceanic slab-derived adakitic melts. Trace element and isotope modeling results and elevated zircon δ18O values suggest variable subducting sediments input into the mantle wedge, dominated by terrigenous sediments. Synthesizing the widely-developed bimodal rock associations, conjugated dikes, thermal metamorphism, tectonic characteristics, paleomagnetic constraints, and paleogeographical evidence along the Solonke-Changchun suture zone, we identify a slab window triggered by slab break-off, which accounts for slab melting and formation of the Nb-enriched mafic rocks and associated adakitic granite porphyry in southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.  相似文献   

12.
The origin of adakite magmas remains controversial because initially the term adakite had petrogenetic significance implying an origin by direct melting of the eclogitized subducting oceanic crust. Many models have been produced for their origin, and until now there has not been a straightforward method to discriminate between these models in a given adakite suite. Here, we use detailed chronological and geochemical studies of selected adakitic edifices that allows for the determination of the magmatic output rate parameter (Qe), which has been correlated with the rates of magma generation deep within subduction zones. By providing temporal and eruption rate estimates, we provide constraints on the possible petrogenetic processes involved in the generation of adakite-like signatures. Adakite magmas derived from the melting of the subducting slab should be volumetrically insignificant when compared to the adakite-like magmas produced by typical arc magma generation processes. In this study, we use this observation and the extraordinary stratigraphic exposure from Miocene to present in an adakitic volcano in Panama and to study the temporal and chemical variation in erupted magmas to estimate rates of magma generation. Detailed chemical and geochronological analyses of Baru volcano indicate that the volcanic edifice was constructed in its entirety during the Quaternary and magmas display adakite-like features such as steep rare earth elements patterns, pronounced depletions in the heavy rare earth elements, low Y, high Sr, and high Sr/Y. The magmatic output rates (Qe) that we have calculated show that compared to other typical adakitic volcanoes, most of the volcanic edifice of Baru volcano was constructed extremely rapidly (<~213 k.a.) and in time frames that are similar to typical arc volcanoes. The observed chemical and mineralogical variation, coupled with the high magma production rates, indicate that Baru volcano is more representative of a typical arc volcano than a small-volume melt of the subducting oceanic crust. The technique we outline may have broader application in determining the petrogenetic conditions of other adakite suites.  相似文献   

13.
俯冲带部分熔融   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
张泽明  丁慧霞  董昕  田作林 《岩石学报》2020,36(9):2589-2615
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼,是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度,因此,一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融,而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是,也有研究认为,在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下,俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时,洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融,基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构,俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比,俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量,较难发生部分熔融,但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融,形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。  相似文献   

14.
西天山特克斯北中酸性火成岩地球化学特征及成因意义   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
朱志敏  赵振华  熊小林 《岩石学报》2012,28(7):2145-2157
新疆西天山特克斯县城北部伊特公路沿线和库勒萨依出露大量中酸性火成岩,伊特公路沿线为石英钠长斑岩,库勒萨依为石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩。岩石地球化学和同位素组成研究表明,前者为典型的岛(陆)弧带火成岩,而后者具有埃达克岩的成分特征,两者均为古亚洲洋壳在俯冲过程中岩浆活动的产物。早先俯冲的较冷洋壳板片在深处脱水诱发上覆地幔楔熔融,熔体上升并经历壳幔相互作用等过程引发伊特公路一带弧岩浆活动; 由于洋壳持续俯冲,后来新形成的靠近洋脊的年轻板片由于高热在较浅处直接发生部分熔融形成埃达克岩浆,并上侵至库勒萨依一带。库勒萨依斑岩体SIMS锆石 U-Pb年龄为342.5±2.3Ma,属于早石炭世。两组中酸性火成岩的地球化学特征表明,古亚洲洋(南天山洋)在早石炭世还未完全闭合,洋壳向北的持续俯冲过程造成伊犁-中天山板块南缘广泛的岩浆活动,此时西天山陆壳增生方式主要为侧向增生,增生物质主要为洋壳板片(埃达克岩)和洋壳板片流体交代的地幔楔成分。  相似文献   

15.
孙渺  陈伟  曲晓明  马旭东  丁吉顺 《地球科学》2018,43(9):3234-3251
江巴组火山岩是西藏雄梅地区近年来发现的火山岩,但其岩石成因尚不明确.通过开展系统的岩相学、地球化学、同位素定年示踪研究,结果表明英安质火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为85.1±1.0 Ma,为晚白垩世.安山质和英安质火山岩显示出明显的埃达克质岩特征,主量元素显示出较高的SiO2和Al2O3含量及Mg#值;稀土元素整体呈轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素强烈亏损,轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)N值较高,无明显Eu异常;微量元素具有明显的高Sr,低Y、Yb和高Sr/Y值,相对富集Th、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti的特点;英安质火山岩锆石εHf(t)值均为正值,在+2.7~+7.1之间,指示有亏损地幔物质参与成岩作用;以上表明安山质和英安质火山岩可能形成于加厚新生下地壳拆沉的部分熔融并有亏损地幔物质的加入.流纹质火山岩具相对低的MgO、TiO2含量;LREEs富集、HREEs亏损,但轻重稀土元素分馏明显较安山质和英安质火山岩弱,微量元素富集Rb、Th和K,强烈亏损Eu,Sr,Ba,P和Ti,明显的负Eu异常,表明流纹质火山岩为地壳发生深熔而形成.综合对比江巴组火山岩的地球化学性质,表明班公湖-怒江缝合带中段昂龙岗日-班戈弧地区在晚白垩世期间存在一期板内加厚下地壳拆沉减薄事件.   相似文献   

16.
Both adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the Luzong area, Anhui Province, eastern China are associated with Cretaceous Cu–Au mineralization. The Shaxi quartz diorite porphyrites exhibit adakite-like geochemical features, such as light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment, heavy REE (HREE) depletion, high Al2O3, MgO, Sr, Sr / Y and La / Yb values, and low Y and Yb contents. They have low εNd(t) values (− 3.46 to − 6.28) and high (87Sr / 86Sr)i ratios (0.7051–0.7057). Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon analyses indicate a crystallization age of 136 ± 3 Ma for the adakitic rocks. Most volcanic rocks and the majority of monzonites and syenites in the Luzong area are K-rich (or shoshonitic) and were also produced during the Cretaceous (140–125 Ma). They are enriched in LREE and large-ion lithophile elements, and depleted in Ti, and Nb and Ba and exhibit relatively lower εNd(t) values ranging from − 4.65 to − 7.03 and relatively higher (87Sr / 86Sr)i ratios varying between 0.7057 and 0.7062. The shoshonitic and adakitic rocks in the Luzong area have similar Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb / 204Pb = 17.90–18.83, 207Pb / 204Pb = 15.45–15.62 and 208Pb / 204Pb = 38.07–38.80). Geological data from the Luzong area suggest that the Cretaceous igneous rocks are distributed along NE fault zones (e.g., Tanlu and Yangtze River fault zones) in eastern China and were likely formed in an extensional setting within the Yangtze Block. The Shaxi adakitic rocks were probably derived by the partial melting of delaminated lower crust at pressures equivalent to crustal thickness of > 50 km (i.e., 1.5 GPa), possibly leaving rutile-bearing eclogitic residue. The shoshonitic magmas, in contrast, originated mainly from an enriched mantle metasomatized by subducted oceanic sediments. They underwent early high-pressure (> 1.5 GPa) fractional crystallization at the boundary between thickened (> 50 km) lower crust and lithospheric mantle and late low-pressure (< 1.5 GPa) fractional crystallization in the shallow (< 50 km) crust. The adakitic and shoshonitic rocks appear to be linked to an intra-continental extensional setting where partial melting of enriched mantle and delaminated lower crust was probably controlled by lithospheric thinning and upwelling of hot asthenosphere along NE fault zones (e.g., Tanlu and Yangtze River fault zones) in eastern China. Both the shoshonitic and adakitic magmas were fertile with respect to Cu–Au mineralization.  相似文献   

17.
There is a broad consensus that the extensive late Mesozoic igneous rocks in NE China were generated in an extensional setting. However, the timing and mechanism of the lithospheric extension remain controversial. To address this, we carried out an integrated study involving LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical analyses (major elements, trace elements, and Hf isotopes) for the Early Cretaceous adakitic lavas and A-type rhyolites of the Songliao Basin. The adakitic lavas are andesites and dacites. The U–Pb dating of zircons from the adakitic lavas and A-type rhyolites yielded ages between 115 and 102 Ma. Geochemically, the adakitic lavas are characterized by high Sr contents (515–1610 ppm) and low Y (0.98–17.58 ppm) and heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents, and they therefore have high Sr/Y (51–112) ratios. They also exhibit high Mg# values (36–57) and high contents of MgO (0.56–3.53 wt%), Cr (15.7–87.3 ppm), and Ni (6.7–44.7 ppm) that are comparable with those of high-Mg adakitic rocks. The A-type rhyolites show an affinity with aluminous A-type magmatic rocks, and they are metaluminous to peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.98–1.35), enriched in alkalis, Ga, Zr, Nb, and Y, depleted in Sr and P, and exhibit fractionated REE patterns with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.05–0.77). All the primary zircons from the adakitic lavas and A-type rhyolites have positive εHf(t) values of +3.6 to +12.1 and juvenile two-stage model (TDM2) ages of 934–392 Ma. The adakitic lavas probably resulted from the partial melting of a delaminated region of the lower continental crust, with the magmas subsequently interacting with mantle materials upon ascent, while the A-type rhyolites were probably generated by the partial melting of a dehydrated charnockitic middle–lower crust. The data suggest that the adakitic lavas and the A-type rhyolites formed in an extensional environment related to the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate. The upwelling of asthenospheric mantle and local delamination of the lithosphere, which were induced by rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate, extended from the Great Xing'an Range southeastward through the Songliao Basin to eastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, giving rise to the southeastward migration of lithospheric extension and extension-related volcanism after ca. 140 Ma.  相似文献   

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