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1.
This paper presents a novel dynamical model to analyze the long‐term response of a percussive drilling system. This departs from existing approaches that usually consider a single activation and bit/rock interaction cycle for the analysis of the process performance. The proposed model integrates the axial dynamics of an elastic piston and an elastic drill bit, a motion‐dependent pressure law to drive the piston, and a generalized bit/rock interaction law representative of the dynamic indentation taking place at the bit/rock interface. It applies to down‐the‐hole percussive drilling as well as top‐hole, with minor modifications. The model does not account for the angular motion or the hole cleaning, however. The model is first formulated mathematically; then, a finite‐dimensional approximation is proposed for computations. Numerical analyses of the model response, for a low‐size down‐the‐hole percussive system, follow. The period‐1 stationary response for the reference configuration is studied in detail, and parametric analyses assessing the influence on the rate of penetration of the bit/rock interaction parameters, the feed force, and the percussive activation parameters are conducted. These analyses reveal that the multiscale nature of the process is well captured by the model and recover expected trends for the influence of the parameters. They also suggest that a significant increase of the penetration rate can be achieved by increasing the percussive frequency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Quantitative assessment of rock texture and correlation with drillability and strength properties 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
Summary A dimensionless quantitative measure of rock texture, describing grain: —shape, orientation, degree of grain interlocking and relative proportions of grains and matrix (packing density) has been developed. Data required for the model are obtained by image analysis of thin sections and concerns percentage areas of grains and matrix, length, breadth, perimeter, orientation and area of each grain in the viewing window. The results of rock strength, diamond and percussion drillability tests in eleven sandstones, marbles and igneous rocks are reported, and correlated with the developed texture coefficient. The texture coefficient returns highly statistically significant correlations with rock strength and drillability data. Sandstones have low texture coefficients and high drillability whereas igneous rocks have high texture coefficients and low drillability. With particular reference to percussive drillability it is suggested that extensional crack propagation in the sandstones in an energy efficient process since fracture paths propagate through the weak phyllosilicate matrix. Extensional crack propagation in the igneous rocks is an energy intensive process since a significant proportion of the available drilling energy is consumed in the formation of intra-granular fracture paths. Observational and correlated data are supportive of the suggestion that the texture coefficient is a measure of the resistance of the microstructure of a rock to crack propagation, whether it be inter-or intra-granular. The texture coefficient can be used as a predictive tool for the assessment of drillability and rock strength properties. The technique offers a useful approach in understanding fracture initiation and growth as controlled by the texture of intact rock samples. 相似文献
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针对煤矿井下穿层钻孔硬岩钻进效率低的难题,基于冲击回转钻进机理和Wassara高压液动冲击器主要特点,分析柱齿在冲击荷载下形成的破碎坑形态,并将其划分为崩解区、密实区、开裂区和弹性区。在此基础之上,对柱齿连续破岩的大间隔冲击和小间隔冲击2种情况进行过程分析,结合淮南潘三矿现场试验条件讨论高压液动冲击回转钻进工艺参数,优选高压液动冲击回转钻进配套钻机、冲击器、钻杆、钻头和清水泵,及主要技术参数。试验结果表明:当清水压力在15 MPa以上时,高压液动冲击回转钻进的平均机械钻速为24.67 m/h,与采用该技术之前的8.48 m/h机械钻速相比提高了约1.9倍;并采用回归分析拟合得到机械钻速与水压之间的线性关系,经过数理统计的F检验,F=8.82大于F0.05(1,7),验证了回归结果是显著的,机械钻速随水压的增大而线性增大。高压液动冲击回转钻进技术可有效提高煤矿井下硬岩层钻进效率,保障煤矿安全高效生产。 相似文献
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Anurag Gupta Somnath Chattopadhyaya Sergej Hloch 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(1):169-177
Mining and petroleum drill bits are subjected to highly abrasive rock and high-velocity fluids that cause severe wear and erosion in service. To augment the rate of penetration and minimize the cost per foot, such drill bits are subjected to increasing rotary speeds and weight. A rotary/percussive drill typically hits the rock 50 times per second with hydraulic impact pressure of about 170–200 bar and feed pressure of about 90–100 bar, while rotating at 75–200 rpm. The drill rig delivers a high-velocity flow of drilling fluid onto the rock surface to dislodge cuttings and cool the bit. The impingement of high-velocity drilling fluid with entrained cuttings accelerates the erosion rate of the bit. Also, high service temperature contributes to softening of the rock for increased penetration. Hence, there is a need to optimize the drilling process and balance the wear rate and penetration rate simultaneously. This paper presents an experimental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of electroplated (nickel-bonded) diamond drills for different wear modes. 相似文献
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近年来,南海西部海域部分油田的下第三系地层机械钻速较慢,严重影响了勘探开发进度,为了降低钻井成本,增加钻井时效,必须掌握该海域难钻地层的特征及破碎机制。首先开展了岩屑矿物组分测定,结合录井资料,掌握了南海西部海域难钻地层的岩性特征。在对难钻地层的破坏强度、硬度、塑性系数、可钻性、研磨性等相关参数室内试验的基础上,建立了该地层岩石力学参数的预测模型,并基于30口测井的资料建立了难钻地层抗钻特性剖面和南海西部海域三维可钻性剖面,揭示了区域难钻地层的分布情况及抗钻特性;为解决难钻地层的工艺技术难题,还进行了难钻地层PDC钻头的破岩机制试验研究,研究了PDC钻头牙齿齿形、钻压和转速对破岩效率的影响。研究发现：北部湾盆地建议提高钻头的攻击性,并采用高转速的动力钻具复合钻进方式;珠江口盆地应提高钻头复合片的耐磨性,采用较高钻压和合理顶驱转速,为更好地控制钻井成本和提高钻井综合经济效益提供技术指导。 相似文献
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钻机钻进过程中钻头旋转产生的扭矩以及作用于钻头的轴推进力是破碎岩石的能量来源,当钻进条件确定时,可用破碎单位体积岩石的实际能耗来反映岩石的物理力学性质。基于此原理在青岛胶州湾海底隧道FK4+375.5的上断面进行了超前地质探孔作业,得到凝灰岩地层中的钻进参数及钻进能量随钻头位移的变化曲线,并利用能量理论对钻进过程中监测的钻机参数进行分析,研究发现：在凝灰岩中,数字钻机参数与围岩岩性响应程度较高,围岩完整、坚硬、无裂隙水时,整体钻进参数值较高;围岩裂隙发育、含水或有断层、夹泥层时,钻进速度、推进力、转速、扭矩、打击能等数据会突变,其值变小。分析所得结果与钻孔取芯、TSP超前预报等物探手段得到的结果基本一致。并采用能量法对围岩进行分析,利用钻进比能划分相应的岩体区段,判断出围岩等级。通过对能量曲线的分析发现,在凝灰岩地层中,当钻进能量小于0.95 kJ时会出现断层或较大的节理裂隙区。 相似文献
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煤系钻探岩石可钻性分级方法的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了煤系中采用硬质合金钻进工艺时岩石可钻性分级的指标体系及测试方法;研制了一套能在野外流动条件下进行岩石可钻性分级测试的轻便仪器及工具。在7项分级指标体系中,压入强度、研磨性、塑性系数和用微型针状硬质合金钻头测试“微钻钻速”是首次应用,尤以用小试样测试“压入强度”及用微型针状硬质合金钻头测试“微钻钻进速度”两项指标能有效地反映煤系软岩石分级档次,可以弥补用微型孕镶金刚石钻头在6级以下较软岩石中无法钻进或达不到钻进指标的不足。 相似文献
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潜孔锤的钻进过程是一个高度非线性、大变形、破碎岩石的过程,利用非线性有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DY-NA研究了在凿岩过程中,球齿凿入不同空隙率（塑性体积应变）岩石的冲击力特性。结果表明,岩石空隙率对钻头球齿与岩石之间的凿入冲击力幅值有很大影响,随着空隙率的增大,球齿凿入的冲击力显著减小,而对活塞与钻头间冲击力幅值影响甚微。通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA瞬态冲击数值模拟,形象地再现了潜孔锤钻凿系统冲击岩石发生侵入破坏的物理过程,为冲击碎岩瞬态研究提供了一个有效的分析方法。 相似文献
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钻头胎体硬度是一项重要技术指标,应与所钻岩石的硬度（可钻性）和研磨性相适应。胎体硬度直接影响钻探技术经济指标的提高和钻进工艺参数的选择。试验研究表明,钻头胎体硬度分布很不均匀,差别很大。首先应从胎体烧结工艺上找原因,烧结压力偏小（5 MPa）可能是首要原因。钻头、工艺参数、操作技术等都很重要,缺一不可。钻进技术经济指标低,不一定都是钻头质量问题,要从多方面进行研究。提倡把经验打钻提高到科学打钻上来。 相似文献
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岩石可钻性的分级是确定生产定额、设计钻头和选择最佳参数的依据。本文论述了作者在实验台上用微钻法进行岩石分级的研究成果。该实验台是自行设计并可以同时自动记录9个钻进参数的一种装置,微钻法可以很好地表示在两向力同时作用下,岩石破碎过程的主要力学特征。岩石抗破碎阻力是岩石机械性质的综合反映,因此,以往用单一的性质来进行分级并不完善,用微钻法进行分级、经野外实践,符合率可达85％以上。 相似文献
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K. Thuro 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1997,86(2):426-438
Usually the main subject in preliminary site investigations prior to tunnelling projects is the prediction of tunnel stability.
During the past years in conventional drill and blast tunnelling, problems have occurred also connected to the accurate prediction
of drillability in hard rock. The drillability is not only decisive for the wear of tools and equipment but is – along with
the drilling velocity – a standard factor for the progress of excavation works. The estimation of drillability in predicted
rock conditions might bear an extensive risk of costs. Therefore, an improved prediction of drilling velocity and bit wear
would be desireable. The drillability of a rock mass is determined by various geological and mechanical parameters. In this
report some major correlations of specific rock properties and especially geological factors with measured bit wear and drilling
velocity are shown.
Drilling velocity is dependent on a lot of geological parameters: Those principal parameters include jointing of rock mass,
orientation of schistosity (rock anisotropy), degree of interlocking of microstructures, porosity and quality of cementation
of clastic rock, degree of hydrothermal decomposition and weathering of a rock mass. Drilling bit wear increases with the
equivalent quartz content. The equivalent quartz content builds the main property for the content of wear-relevant minerals.
For various groups of rock types different connections with the equivalent quartz content could be detected. In sandstone
bit wear is also dependent on porosity or the quality of the cementation. Finally, an investigation program is submitted,
which helps to improve the estimation of rock drillability in planning future tunnel projects.
Received: 14 June 1996/Accepted: 10 January 1997 相似文献
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松辽盆地青山口组和嫩江组含油页岩系,夹有数十层白云岩透镜体或条带。在对该油页岩系进行钻探时,由于经常遇到硬度较大的白云岩层,使用普通的硬质合金钻头不仅进尺极其缓慢,而且钻头损坏严重,寿命短。为解决此钻探难题,研制开发具有高耐磨性和穿透能力强的钻头势在必行。为此,研发了尖齿状金刚石复合片钻头,并进行了现场钻进实验。结果表明,这种钻头在含白云岩层的油页岩地层钻进时,不仅钻进速度高,而且具有高耐磨性、寿命长,其综合技术经济指标远远优于常规硬质合金钻头。 相似文献
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热熔钻进工艺是一种通过熔化岩石来破碎岩石的新的钻进方法.在圣彼得堡矿业学院钻探实验室对这种新型钻进方法进行了试验研究.介绍了所用的钻进试验台、热熔钻头、所钻的岩石和钻进工艺.试验表明,钻头电热功率和钻头轴载是决定钻进效果的2个主要工艺参数.对于同一种岩石,钻进速度随钻头电热功率的增大而增大;当钻头电热功率不变时,根据所钻岩石岩性的不同,钻进速度随钻头轴载的增大而不同程度地增大,增加钻头轴载有利于提高玻璃状孔壁的质量,但不宜过大.热熔钻进工艺在无套管固井和工程施工中有很好的应用前景. 相似文献
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干热岩具有硬度大、研磨性弱、可钻性差和钻进难度大等特点,常规孕镶金刚石钻头钻进时打滑严重、寿命短。针对此技术难题,根据干热岩岩性和设计的井身结构特点,引入仿生高效耐磨技术,以穿山甲爪趾为仿生原型,结合孕镶金刚石钻头的结构和制备工艺方法,研制了与该类地层相对应的仿生异型齿钻头。在青海共和县干热岩现场的钻进试验结果表明：仿生异型齿钻头未出现打滑现象,相比于打滑不严重的常规软胎体孕镶金刚石钻头,仿生异型齿钻头的钻进速度提高97.5%,寿命（仿生钻头寿命为推算寿命）提高1.268倍。进一步证明了仿生异型齿钻头在坚硬打滑的干热岩地层中钻进能够提高效率、缩短钻井周期、节约钻井成本。 相似文献
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传统的超前钻探地质预报常以某个钻进参数的变化率作为地层识别的主要依据。钻头破岩是一个复杂的力学过程,应考虑多个参数的协同作用,仅采用单钻进参数识别地层的不确定性较大。首先,对超前钻探数据进行预处理,包括标准化、频数分布分析和敏感性分析,筛选出对地层变化敏感的关键钻进参数;其次,基于能量守恒、二元无序逻辑回归分析和多参数变异性分析原理分别建立了破岩能量、逻辑回归概率和地层硬度3种地层识别综合指标;最后,采用基于贝叶斯原理的概率分类方法建立地层识别模型,利用ROC分析方法得到模型参数,实现基于多钻进参数和概率分类方法的地层识别。以地质条件复杂的隧道工程为例,介绍了该地层识别方法的应用,结果表明：3种地层识别综合指标均具有较好的跨孔地层识别能力,识别准确率超过80%;破岩能量和逻辑回归概率指标适用于较近距离的跨孔地层识别,平均识别准确率分别为86.3%和84.1%;逻辑回归概率指标对软弱夹层识别能力较强,准确率达到94.2%;地层硬度指标适用于较远距离的跨孔地层识别;灰岩识别准确率最大达到93.2%。 相似文献
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通过机械比能对煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔过程中的围岩进行可钻性分级,可为钻机调整钻进参数提供依据。针对瓦斯抽采钻孔过程中人工判层难度大、效率低的问题,提出一种以机械比能为可钻性评价指标,结合极限学习机的煤岩可钻性分级方法。采用ABAQUS建立了PDC钻头破岩仿真模型,从材料类型、钻头转速和钻压力三个方面研究了PDC钻头破岩过程中钻进速度和机械比能的变化规律。同时,获得了钻进参数及机械比能的训练数据,采用极限学习机分别对钻进参数和机械比能数据进行学习,最后,对这两种可钻性分级指标下的分级准确率进行对比。结果表明:以机械比能作为可钻性指标时的分级准确率达到90%以上,高于以钻进参数作为可钻性指标时的准确率。分级结果可以为钻机调整钻进参数、实现自适应钻进提供理论依据。 相似文献