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1.
稀有气体是地球流体源区信息的有效示踪剂.利用热熔融法对山东地区幔源巨晶、包体全岩及其单矿物以及寄主玄武岩等幔源样品中稀有气体的测试表明,不同类型样品具有明显不同的稀有气体同位素组成,特别是He同位素比值差异明显.巨晶和包体单矿物中的n(3He)/ n(4He)值分别为0.87～11.31Ra、0.911 ～10.11Ra,均值分别为6.1Ra和3.73Ra,主体介于地幔一大气一地壳源区之间;包体全岩中n(3He)/ n(4He)值0.19 ～ 2.30Ra(均值为1.05 Ra),且均低于相应单矿物中该比值;而玄武岩中n(3He)/ n(4He)值全为10-8数量级,与地壳均值无异.各类幔源样品中n(4Ar)/n(36 Ar)值无明显差异,介于296.4～864.3,高于大气但远低于典型地幔值.所获有限数据中,不同类型样品中n(2Ne)/n(2Ne)值均高于大气,具幔源特征,其中包体全岩及其单矿物n(2Ne)／n(22Ne)值分别为10.19 ～12.42和10.55～11.80,无明显差异;玄武岩中该值介于11.07～13.10,总体高于包体全岩及其单矿物.上述比值特征的差异反映了不同类型幔源样品各自不同的成因和演化特征:巨晶和包体单矿物中的轻稀有气体同位素组成主要反映了由于古板块俯冲所导致的岩浆源区地幔一大气／地壳的昆合特征,个别样品中可能存在宇宙成因3He;除单矿物中所体现的源区混合特征外,包体全岩还存在放射成因4He;而玄武岩在喷出地表后丢失大量地幔稀有气体信息,其同位素组成主要体现了放射成因4He的影响. 相似文献
2.
CCSD中HP-UHP岩石稀有气体同位素地球化学及其对板块折返过程的示踪意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高真空气相质谱系统测定了CCSD中HP-UHP变质岩中主要造岩矿物流体包裹体的稀有气体同位素组成,得出其3He/4He为(0.004~0.775)×10-6,相应R/Ra为0.003~0.553,40Ar/36Ar变化较大,为316.2~11358.8,高于大气40Ar/36Ar(295.5);20Ne/22Ne和21Ne/22Ne分别为9.47~12.4和0.026~0.051,而134Xe/132Xe和136Xe/132Xe分别为0.376~0.484和0.324~0.416,均高于其相应大气值。CCSD中HP-UHP岩石主要造岩矿物的He-Ar、Xe和Ne等同位素组成清楚显示其中流体包裹体主要由地壳变质流体和少量大气饱和水组成,而深源地幔流体组分很低,其中He主要来自地壳,Ar主要由壳源放射性成因40Ar*和少量(平均32.6%)大气Ar混合组成,少量Ne和Xe可能来自地幔。CCSD中HP-UHP岩石具有F40Ar相似文献
3.
作为塔里木大火成岩省形成最晚的火成岩,新疆巴楚瓦吉里塔格霞石岩的岩浆源区性质的确定对于揭示塔里木大火成岩省的深部地质过程具有重要的约束作用。对瓦吉里塔格霞石岩的铂族元素地球化学特征进行了研究,铂族元素(PGE)分析结果显示,原始地幔标准化的PGE呈正斜率型分布,且Pd/Ir值高于原始地幔比值,说明霞石岩的铂族元素发生了分异。霞石岩全岩的PGE与Mg O呈正相关,Pd/Ir、Cu/Pd与Mg O则呈负相关,说明PGE的分异主要受到橄榄石的结晶分异作用控制,也是其Cu/Pd值极高及岩浆S饱和的因素之一,同时Cu/Pd值说明霞石岩岩浆为硫饱和岩浆,但是没有因素导致岩浆S过饱和进而发生硫化物的熔离。与其他大火成岩省岩石相比,瓦吉里塔格霞石岩极度亏损PGE,SCSS(硫承载量)计算结果表明母岩浆在形成之初就发生S过饱和,主要是地幔低程度部分熔融造成的,据此认为地幔源区的部分熔融程度在塔里木大火成岩省Cu-Ni硫化物铂族元素矿床形成过程中起着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
4.
稀有气体同位素在示踪成矿作用流体来源方面具有独特优势。本文应用熔融质谱法测定了金川Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床23个硅酸盐矿物和金属硫化物单矿物的He、Ne和Ar丰度和同位素组成。结果表明,硅酸盐矿物的3He/4He比值(0.239Ra)略低于硫化物(平均0.456Ra),且从橄榄石(平均0.291Ra)、斜方辉石(0.215Ra)到单斜辉石(0.174Ra)逐渐降低,20Ne/22Ne-21Ne/22Ne分布于MORB与大陆地壳演化线之间,扣除放射性成因4He*和40Ar*后橄榄石和辉石中3He/4He和40Ar/36Ar接近岩石圈地幔组成。He、Ne和Ar同位素组成示踪表明成矿岩浆中存在岩石圈地幔(SCLM)、地壳(CC)和大气饱和流体(ASW)三种端元成分,硫化物熔体的分离发生在岩浆结晶分异的早期。岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的成矿初始岩浆经历了两阶段的演化。在深部岩浆房高温成矿岩浆同化围岩引入地壳混染组分,促使硫饱和及硫化物熔体的熔离,同时形成具有壳幔混合特征的混合岩浆组分(MC),上升至上部岩浆房后混入较高比例的大气饱和流体,进一步促使硫饱和及浸染状硫化物就地熔离堆积。 相似文献
5.
通过对宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成的分析，认为不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的^3He／^4He值较低，可能是地幔流体交代作用造成的；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混合。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象，是核成因造成的。 相似文献
6.
辽宁宽甸新生代火山岩和地幔包体He-Ar同位素组成 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成和流体含量分析表明，不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、Xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的3^He／^4He值较低，可能与地幔上隆过程中富集地幔流体的交代作用或地幔塑性变形作用丢失了部分原始He有关；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混入。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象。 相似文献
7.
江西相山沙洲铀矿床位于中国华南赣杭铀成矿带南西段、华南中生代陆相火山岩带西缘。本次工作系统采集了矿区内成矿期黄铁矿、方解石,开展了稳定同位素和稀有气体同位素研究。研究表明方解石的δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-SMOW值分别为-3.2‰~-7.4‰,8.5‰~15.2‰,成矿流体中的碳主要源自地幔;黄铁矿样品流体包裹体的n(40Ar)/n(36Ar)值为303~326,n(3He)/n(4He)值为0.193~2.946 Ra;成矿流体的He—Ar同位素组成是地壳流体[n(3He)/n(4He)值较低,n(40Ar)/n(36Ar)值与大气近似]和地幔流体[高n(3He)/n(4He)和n(40Ar)/n(36Ar)值]两端元的不同比例混合产物。 相似文献
8.
稀有气体同位素对岩浆侵入方向的制约:以夏日哈木镍铜硫化物矿床为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东昆仑造山带新发现的夏日哈木镍铜硫化物矿床是造山带环境产出全球镍资源最大的岩浆镍铜矿床。含矿岩体不同类型岩石中橄榄石和辉石的He、Ne和Ar同位素组成表明:~3He/~4He(0.39~0.03Ra)和~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值(292.0~316.9)较低,~(20)Ne/~(22)Ne和~(21)Ne/~(22)Ne沿放射性成因Ne及大陆地壳线分布,表明岩浆起源演化过程中有大陆地壳组分和大气饱和流体在橄榄石结晶前加入。He和Ar同位素混合模型计算表明岩浆中有7.8%再循环洋壳组分和87.7%大气饱和流体的加入,再循环洋壳可能带入了大气及地壳组分。~3He/~4He和~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值的自西向东系统性降低,以及微量元素、成矿元素和稀有气体同位素的空间协同变化特征表明地壳物质的逐步加入,即岩浆可能自西向东方向侵入,侵位过程中地壳流体的加入促使硫饱和及硫化物的熔离成矿。 相似文献
9.
应用热爆裂质谱测量和高温熔融样品释气技术分别测定了山旺、栖霞和鹤壁新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体中的橄榄石颗粒的流体和稀有气体组成。结果表明,鹤壁方辉橄榄岩具低于大气的~3He/~4He 比值0.778Ra 和大气成因的 Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe 组成。三个地区饱满地幔样品均以还原性流体为主,CO_2/~3He、N_2/~3He、N_2/Ar 比值分别为(0.62～4144)×10~9、(2631～64482)×10~6、269～73467。这些还原型流体偏离典型的幔源流体组成而表现出明显的碳和氮元素过剩,具有大气-地幔-壳源组份混合的特点,反映了大气和富含有机质的壳源组份在新生岩石圈上地幔中的影响。同时,这些饱满地幔样品的 Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe 具有大气属性,反映了大气型稀有气体在上地幔源区的广泛混染。其中,山旺和栖霞的~3He/~4He 比值分别为(2.91～3.07)Ra、(1.79～4.01)Ra,均高于大气低于 MORB,具有交代富集地幔的特点,而鹤壁则具有类似 MORB 的~3He/~4He 比值(7.03～7.05)Ra。这样的流体和稀有气体组成差别显示华北东部新生岩石圈地幔具亏损 MORB 型的特点并含壳源组份, 且其东缘所含壳源组份比例高于中部,说明华北东部新生岩石圈地幔中有俯冲洋壳组份的记录。 相似文献
10.
《西北地质》2016,(2)
采用稀有气体同位素质谱方法,通过分析萨日达拉金矿载金黄铁矿中流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素组成,对成矿流体进行示踪研究。结果表明,萨日达拉金矿黄铁矿流体包裹体中He同位素组成变化范围较大,R/Ra值为0.34~1.59,显示壳幔混合特征,二元混合模型计算结果显示以地壳放射性成因氦为主,并有地幔氦的加入;Ar同位素组成较均一,~(40)Ar/~(36) Ar值为305~359,平均336,~(36)Ar/~(38)Ar值为5.34~5.44,平均5.40,显示叠加有部分放射性成因~(40)Ar的大气降水成因氩同位素组成。综合分析结果表明,萨日达拉金矿成矿流体为由大气降水深循环改造而成的地壳流体,其所具有的地幔He同位素组成应继承自下部地壳中隐伏的壳幔混合成因地质体。 相似文献
11.
华南石英脉型黑钨矿的形成一直被认为是与地壳沉积物质重熔形成的S型花岗岩有关。然而,近年来对南岭中生代成岩成矿机制的研究发现,地幔组分可能参与了钨、锡成矿作用。本文对淘锡坑石英脉型钨多金属矿床与黑钨矿共生的黄铁矿和毒砂中流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素进行了研究。结果显示,上述矿物中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He值为0. 37～2. 11Ra(Ra为空气的~3He/~4He值,1Ra=1. 39×10~(-6)),介于地幔与地壳的~3He/~4He值之间;~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar值为309. 5～383. 6,平均335. 4,略高于大气的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值(295. 5)。研究表明,成矿流体具有壳-幔两端元混合的特征。其中,地壳端元的流体为经过地下循环的低温饱和大气水,地幔端元的流体为矿区隐伏花岗岩体成岩过程中分异出的岩浆流体。结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床的形成与华南中生代燕山期发生的软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄、地壳伸展等地球动力学作用有密切联系。这种动力学过程为地幔组分带来的热引起地壳沉积物质重熔形成钨多金属成矿花岗岩浆提供了条件。 相似文献
12.
新疆坡北镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体由一个辉长岩体以及二十多个超镁铁质侵入体组成,其中坡一超镁铁质岩体稀有气体同位素组成揭示存在地幔柱的贡献。坡北杂岩体西端的坡一、坡四、坡十和坡十四等几个超镁铁质岩体的稀有气体同位素对比分析结果表明,岩浆矿物的3He/4He值（0.26~2.79Ra）分布于地壳与地幔值之间,较高的20Ne/22Ne和较低的21Ne/22Ne值分布于Ne质量分馏线（MFL）和L-K线之间,40Ar/36Ar=295~598。3He/4He与40Ar/36Ar比值揭示坡北杂岩体西端不同超镁铁质岩体形成过程中地幔（柱）、地壳和大气组分的贡献不同,岩体成因也可能不同。其中,坡一岩体具有地幔柱作用的贡献,其他三个岩体的岩石圈地幔及地壳流体组分的贡献较大。岩浆地幔源区由深部地幔柱物质叠加俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔物质所组成,大气与地壳物质组分可能由俯冲再循环洋壳带入到岩浆地幔源区以及围岩物质的混入。 相似文献
13.
粤北诸广南部铀矿田流体包裹体的氦氩同位素组成及成矿流体来源示踪 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
粤北诸广南部铀矿田是我国重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地之一,有关诸广南部花岗岩型铀矿田的成因,多年来一直存在较大的争议。本文以诸广南部铀矿田典型铀矿床成矿期萤石、方解石和黄铁矿中流体包裹体为测试对象,研究了成矿流体的He、Ar同位素地球化学。研究表明,萤石流体包裹体的~3He/~4He比值为0. 021～0. 186Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为298. 4～2515. 7;方解石流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0. 027～0. 209Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为295. 9～327. 2;黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0. 021～1. 543Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为326. 9～1735. 1; He-Ar同位素系统显示成矿流体的3He/4He比值略高于地壳氦同位素特征值(0. 01～0. 05Ra),但低于幔源氦同位素特征值(6～9Ra),~(40) Ar/~(36)比值接近或高于大气氩的同位素组成(~(40) Ar/~(36)=295. 5),成矿流体为壳-幔混合来源。结合H-O、He-Ar、C和Sr等多元同位素证据表明,成矿流体由两个端元组成:一是含有一定放射性成因Ar的大气降水的地壳流体,二是含幔源He的地幔流体。进一步研究表明,受NNW向断裂控制的棉花坑、书楼丘、长排等铀矿床受地幔流体影响比较大,而受NE向断裂控制的蕉坪、东坑、烟筒岭铀矿床受大气降水影响比较大。 相似文献
14.
Mantle-derived noble gases in ore-forming fluids of the granite-related Yaogangxian tungsten deposit,Southeastern China 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
More than 90% of the tungsten resources of China are in the Nanling region of South China, and the Yaogangxian vein deposit is the largest tungsten deposit in this region. The tungsten deposits have ages of 150–160 Ma, and are spatially, temporally and genetically related to granites which were previously believed to be produced by crustal anatexis. This paper provides He and Ar isotope data of fluid inclusions in pyrite and arsenopyrite from the Yaogangxian W veins. 3He/4He ratios range from 0.41 to 3.03 Ra (where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio of air?=?1.39?×?10?6), and 40Ar/36Ar ratios from 328 to 1,191. Moreover, there are excellent correlations between He and Ar isotopic compositions. The results suggest that the ore-forming fluids are a mixture between a crustal fluid containing atmospheric Ar and crustal 4He and a fluid containing mantle components. It is likely that the former is a low temperature meteoric fluid, and the later is a fluid exsolved from the W-associated granitic magma, which formed by crustal melting induced by intrusion of a mantle-derived magma. 相似文献
15.
Noble Gas and Stable Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Ag–Cu Polymetallic Ore Deposits in the Baiyangping Area,Yunnan Province,SW China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zhichao Zou Ruizhong Hu Xianwu Bi Liyan Wu Jinrang Zhang Yongyong Tang Na Li 《Resource Geology》2016,66(2):183-198
The Lanping basin, Yunnan province, SW China, is located at the juncture of the Eurasian and Indian Plates in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The Lanping basin, in the Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic province, is a significant Cu–Ag–Zn–Pb mineralized belt in China that includes the largest sandstone‐hosted Zn–Pb deposit in the world, the Jinding deposit, as well as several Ag–Cu deposits (the Baiyangping and Jinman deposits). These deposits, with total reserves of over 16.0 Mt Pb + Zn, 0.6 Mt Cu, and 7,000 t Ag, are mainly hosted in Meso‐Cenozoic clastic rocks and are dominantly controlled by two Cenozoic thrust systems developed in the western and eastern segments of the basin. The Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing ore deposits are representative of the epithermal base metal deposits in the Lanping basin. The microthermometric data show that the ore‐forming fluids for these deposits were low temperature (110–180 °C) and had bimodal distribution of salinity at moderate and mid to high salinities (approximately 2–8 wt.% and 18–26 wt.% NaCl equivalent). The C and O isotope data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were related to hot basin brines. We present new He and Ar isotope data on volatiles released from fluid inclusions contained in sulfides and in barite in these three deposits. 3He/4He ratios of the ore‐forming fluids are 0.01 to 0.14 R/Ra with a mean of 0.07 Ra (where R is the 3He/4He ratio and Ra is the ratio for atmospheric helium). This mean value is intermediate to typical 3He/4He ratios for the crust (R/Ra = 0.01 to 0.05) and the ratio for air‐saturated water (R/Ra = 1). The mean ratio is also significantly lower than the ratios found for mantle‐derived fluids (R/Ra = 6 to 9). The 40Ar/36Ar ratios of the ore‐forming fluids range from 298 to 382 with a mean of 323. This value is slightly higher than that for the air‐saturated water (295.5). The 3He/4He ratios of fluids from the fluid inclusions imply that the ore‐forming fluid for the Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing deposits was derived from the crust and that any mantle‐derived He was negligible. The content of the radiogenic Ar ranges between 0.2 to 20.4%, and the proportion of air‐derived 40Ar averages 94.1%. This indicates that atmospheric Ar was important in the formation of these deposits but that some radiogenic 40Ar was derived from crustal rocks. Based on these observations coupled with other geochemical evidence, we suggest that the ore‐forming fluids responsible for the formation of the Ag–Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic ore deposits in the Baiyangping area of the Lanping basin were mainly derived from crustal fluids. The fluids may have mixed with some amount of air‐saturated water, but there was no significant involvement of mantle‐derived fluids. 相似文献
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文章利用黄铁矿流体包裹体惰性气体同位素,探讨了广西栗木锡铌钽矿田成矿流体的来源.黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0.14～0.97 Ra,远远低于地幔流体的比值,接近饱和大气水的比值,并与地壳流体的比值处在相同的数量级上;40 Ar/36 Ar比值为555.98～ 855.11,平均705.55,显然偏离大气氩的同位素组成;40Ar*/4He比值为0.08～0.27,平均值为0.153,接近地壳值;20Ne/22 Ne=9.671～9.748和21Ne/22 Ne=0.0306～ 0.0330,具有饱和大气水的Ne同位素比值特征.结果表明,广西栗木锡铌钽矿田老虎头、牛栏岭和金竹源3个矿床的成矿流体是大气水和地壳流体的混合流体;水溪庙矿床的成矿流体也主要是大气水和地壳流体的混合流体,但可能有少量地幔流体的加入. 相似文献
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The abundances and isotopic compositions of Helium and Argon have been analyzed in a suite of fresh spinel peridotite xenoliths in Cenozoic basalts from the eastern North China Craton (NCC) by step-wise heating experiments, to investigate the nature of noble gas reservoirs in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath this region. The xenoliths include one harzburgite collected from Hebi in the interior of the NCC, two lherzolites from Hannuoba at the northern margin of the craton, and three lherzolites from Shanwang and Nushan on the eastern margin. 3He/4He ratios in most of the xenoliths are similar to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) or slightly lower (2–10.5 Ra, where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio of the atmosphere), suggesting mixing of MORB-like and radiogenic components. One olivine separate from Nushan has a helium value of 25.3 Ra, probably suggesting cosmogenic 3He addition. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios vary from atmospheric value (296) to 1625, significantly lower than the MORB value. Available data of the peridotite xenoliths indicate the He and Ar isotopic systematics of the mantle reservoirs beneath the NCC can be interpreted as mixtures of at least three end-members including MORB-like, radiogenic and atmospheric components. We suggest that the MORB-like noble gases were derived from the underlying asthenosphere during mantle upwelling, whereas the radiogenic and recycled components probably were incorporated into the lithospheric mantle during circum-craton subduction of oceanic crust. Available data suggest that the MORB-like fluids are better preserved in the interior of the NCC, whereas the radiogenic ones are more prevalent at the margins. The Paleo-Asian ocean subduction system probably was responsible for the enriched and recycled noble gas signatures on the northern margin of the craton, while the Pacific subduction system could account for the observed He–Ar isotopic signatures beneath the eastern part. Therefore, integration of helium and argon isotopes reflects heterogeneous metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle and demonstrates the critical importance of lithospheric mantle modification related to both circum-craton subduction of oceanic crust and asthenospheric upwelling beneath the eastern NCC. 相似文献
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贵州晴隆锑矿床成矿流体He-Ar同位素地球化学 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
晴隆锑矿床是华南中生代低温成矿域右江盆地Au-Sb-As-Hg矿集区内的大型锑矿床,成矿时代约150Ma。本文以该矿床矿石矿物辉锑矿中的流体包裹体为测试对象,研究了成矿流体的He和Ar同位素地球化学。研究表明,成矿流体的~3He/~4He为0.13~0.46Ra(Ra为空气的3He/4He值,1.4×10~(-6)),~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为305~327,He、Ar同位素组成具有一定程度的正相关;成矿流体由两个端元组成:一是含地壳He的低温饱和空气的雨水,二是含地幔He的高温流体。含地幔He的高温流体可能来自右江盆地下部的侏罗纪壳幔混合成因花岗岩浆,这种岩浆的形成机制与华夏地块侏罗纪与钨锡成矿有关的花岗岩具有相似性。晴隆锑矿床以大气降水为主的成矿流体的加热、循环并浸取矿床围岩"大厂层"下伏地层中的成矿元素而成矿,受深部壳幔混合成因花岗岩浆释放出的含幔源He和岩浆S的热流所驱动。 相似文献
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Helium trapped in arsenopyrite and wolframite from the Panasqueira hydrothermal deposit in central Portugal is overwhelmingly—≈ 75%—derived from the mantle. This is surprising as the W-Cu(Ag)-Sn vein deposits are spatially and temporally associated with an S-type granite. It is difficult to reconcile 3He/4He ratios > 5Ra (where Ra is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio) with a granite produced by crustal anatexis, therefore it seems likely that mantle derived fluids unrelated to the granite were the source of the magmatic component in the ore fluids.The mantle appears to transport 3He and heat to the surface in relatively constant proportions (3He/Q = 0.1-1 x10−12 cm3 STP J−1). However, the 3He/heat ratios in the Panasqueira fluids (1-10 x10−12 cm3 STP J−1, calculated using the 3He/36Ar ratio) are considerably higher. Therefore, it does not seem likely that gradual cooling of the pluton supplied heat to the hydrothermal system (as this would result in low 3He/Q ratios). Therefore, both He and heat in this collision related, granite-associated hydrothermal deposit were supplied from the mantle. 相似文献