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1.
D.J. Evans G.A. Kirby A.G. Hulbert 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):764-780
High quality seismic reflection data acquired during hydrocarbon exploration activities provide evidence for the subsurface structure and evolution of one of England's most well known structures at outcrop: the Isle of Wight Monocline. It is generally seen as a major northerly verging monoclinal structure linked to the Purbeck Monocline to the west. The Isle of Wight Monocline is the result of the interplay between two inverted east-west trending, southerly dipping and overlapping down-to-the-south major syndepositional normal faults that were active during Triassic and Jurassic times: the Needles and Sandown faults. The area between the two faults tips forms an easterly-dipping relay ramp, down which sequences of all ages thicken. Both of these major normal faults were inverted during Cenozoic (Miocene: Alpine) compressional events, folding the overlying post-rift sequences of early Cretaceous to early Cenozoic (Palaeogene) age. Interpretation of the seismic reflection data suggest that previously unknown high angle, down-to-the-north reverse faults cut the northern limbs of both anticlines forming the composite monocline and are likely to come to crop in the steeply-dipping Chalk and/or the drift-covered Cenozoic sequences. Their identification marked a period of discussions and testing of the model by detailed field mapping. The existence and location of such faulting was proved through an iterative process with the result that a reverse fault zone is now mapped along the northern limb of the northern Sandown Anticline section of the Monocline. The main reverse faults on the Brighstone and Sandown anticlines result in up to circa 550 m of displacement at top Chalk level. It is thought that a series of smaller footwall short-cut faults affect the Cenozoic strata to the north of the main reverse fault, producing up-faulted sections of flatter-lying Cenozoic strata. Reverse displacements and the severity of folding on the inverted faults decreases on each fault segment in a complementary fashion in the area of the relay ramp as one fault takes up the movement at the expense of the other. The swing in strike of the Chalk in the area of shallowly dipping strata between Calbourne and Garstons is a result of deformation of the post-rift sequences across the relay ramp established between the overlapping fault tips of the Needles and Sandown faults and the interaction of the folds developed at the tips of the reverse faults. 相似文献
2.
南盘江盆地早—中三叠世层序地层格架及相对海平面变化研究 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
南盘江盆地的早—中三叠世地层中 ,沉积相形成复杂而有序的空间变化和时间变化。二叠纪与三叠纪之交的大规模台地淹没事件之后 ,三叠纪碳酸盐台地从缓坡型演化为镶嵌陆架型 ;空间上 ,从连陆台地到浊积盆地相分异特别明显 ,而且在盆地中发育若干的孤立台地 ,特别是南宁和靖西一带 ,孤立台地上早三叠世的鲕粒滩以及连陆台地边缘的礁滩相灰岩更是引人注目。尽管不同相带的三级沉积层序相序组构千差万变 ,并且它们的形成时限也不尽相同 ,但是由其所表征的相对海平面变化则具有大致的同步性 ,因此在早—中三叠世地层中可以识别出 6个三级沉积层序。以地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性为基本要素 ,可以建立南盘江盆地早—中三叠世的层序地层格架。 相似文献
3.
陆盆层序地层研究的思路 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
根据陆相地层层序发育的特点,冲积扇、河流、三角洲或湖泊沉积环境,均受地层基准面控制,地层基准面穿越旋回控制着陆相环境重大层序分布。根据不同时间间隔的基准面穿越旋回序次,可将陆层序划分为盆地充填层序、构造层序、层序、亚层序以及小层序５个级别。每个层序（三级）根据蕨面的波动可划分为基准面上升沉积体系域和基准面下降沉积体系域,然后可进一步根据亚层序组的叠置特性进行细分。 相似文献
4.
Triassic strata of the Dockum Group in Texas comprise two major upward-fining alluvial-lacustrine depositional sequences.
The two sequences are represented by the (1) Santa Rosa-Tecovas, and (2) Trujillo-Cooper Canyon Formations. The second sequence
is much thicker than the first, and occupies a greater geographic part of the Dockum basin. Each sequence of alluvial and
lacustrine sediment accumulation is characterized by sediment derivation from a different source terrain. The unconformable
relationship between the two depositional sequences, the change in mineralogical composition and presumed source areas between
these units, differences in paleocurrent orientation between units, and evidence for intervening episodes of local deformation
indicate that the sequences are of tectonic origin. These strata are not the product of a single sediment dispersal system,
such as the centripetally-drained lacustrine delta complex previously envisioned for the Dockum basin. Both Dockum sequences
are comprised largely of two typical alluvial facies associations; stream channel facies, and overbank flood-plain facies,
that are similar to those described in nearly all fluvial deposits. In addition, the Dockum Group contains a peculiar lacustrine
facies that accumulated in local flood-plain depressions, and probably resulted from subsidence over areas of subsurface salt
dissolution. Vertebrate fossil assemblages are found in all three Dockum facies associations. Five fossiliferous sites in
the Dockum are discussed in the context of these three depositional settings. The Dockum tetrapod diversity is reviewed in
a hierarchical phylogeny with remarks on the history of collection, stratigraphic distribution of genera, and their taxonomic
status. The stratigraphic ranges of tetrapod taxa do not support the recently proposed successive Otischalkian, Adamanian,
Revueltian, and Apachean biochrons within the Dockum Group. Instead, a few index fossils provide a broad framework for correlation
of Late Triassic nonmarine strata of the Dockum with the Carnian and Norian Alpine marine stages. 相似文献
5.
介绍了对滇东寒武系进行层序地层学研究所采用的方法、层序的基本特征及取得的主要成果。确定有１０个层序，其时限为１～１０Ｍａ，其中下寒统武有６个，中、上寒武统各２个。此外还划分出次层序２７个、组合层序２个。此项研究工作对本区寒武系地层划分与对比、界线的确定具有重要意义：（１）沧浪铺阶生物地层的争论，是由于滇东存在两个Ⅰ型层序边界，乌龙箐段与红井哨段为假整合关系，故生物带发育不完整；（２）双龙潭组与西王庙组应为同时异相沉积体；（３）双龙潭组顶部时限，以ＳＢ２ｉ为标志，应与娄山关组底部边界对比，故可能上延至晚寒武世早期 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地北部早古生代早—中奥陶世一次典型的碳酸盐岩台地沉没事件 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
沉没事件是碳酸盐岩台地发育、演化终止的一个重要标志,它具有特定的地质、地球化学及地震反射特征。地质上它是一个具阶段性的沉没过程,并由两个阶段的沉没层序来反映。两层序间可以是过渡的或以一真正的沉没不整合分割。早期阶段的沉没层序不总是向上变深的,它可以与Ｖａｉｌ等提出的层序具类似的特征。地球化学上响应为常量和微量元素的突变性增高。地震剖面上则表现为明显的双相位反射和界面之上的盆底上超。研究表明塔里木盆地以晚期阶段的沉没为主。 相似文献
7.
8.
重庆中梁山三叠系飞仙关组三段风暴沉积 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据重庆中梁山毛家沟三叠系剖面飞三段(T1f3)中的沉积序列和沉积构造特征,阐明了该段中具有两个比较完整的风暴岩序列。讨论了风暴作用造成的独特的沉积物类型和沉积标志,并划分出近积风暴岩与远积风暴岩两种类型。本区风暴岩形成于正常浪基面与风暴浪基面之间的陆棚环境。 相似文献
9.
Genetic Types of Meter-Scale Cyclic Sequences and Fabric Natures of Facies Succession 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mei Mingxiang Xu Debin Zhou Hongrui Institute of Earth Sciences Natural Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(4)
Ｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｉｃｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ,ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｅｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｂｙＡｎｄｅｒｓｏｎａｎｄＧｏｏｄｗｉｎ (1990 ) ,ｒｅｆｅｒｔｏｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎ ｔａｌｕｎｉｔｓｏｆｓｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｉｓｃｅｒｎｅｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｉｎｏｕｔｃｒｏｐ .Ａｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｕｎｉｔｓｉｎｓｔｒａｔｉ ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ,ｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｉｃｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｒ… 相似文献
10.
基于岩心、岩石薄片及元素分析等资料,通过偏光显微镜、定量矿物扫描(QemScan)、电子探针、能谱和流体包裹体分析等技术手段,探讨了二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组热水沉积岩中热水沉积矿物的沉淀顺序。研究区热水沉积矿物主要为铝硅酸盐和碳酸盐,含少量黄铁矿、重晶石、萤石等矿物。这些矿物在空间上具有特定的先后关系或位置关系: (1)在纹层状岩层中,由下到上从铝硅酸盐过渡为碳酸盐。在铝硅酸盐矿物组合中,首先出现的是方沸石,其次是钠沸石,再次为钠长石;在碳酸盐矿物中,首先出现的是菱镁矿,其次是菱铁矿,再次为铁白云石,有时还可见到方解石,但其含量很低。(2)在凝絮状团块中,团块中心为黄铁矿,从中心向外依次过渡为方沸石、钠沸石、菱镁矿、菱铁矿,最外层为铁白云石。在纹层状岩层和凝絮状团块中,有时还能见到上述顺序的逆顺序。(3)在后期充填的裂缝中,边部为沸石或绿泥石等铝硅酸盐矿物,向中心逐渐过渡为铁白云石碳酸盐。综合研究区所有的矿物序列来看,最完整的序列应为黄铁矿—钾长石—方沸石—钠沸石—钠长石—菱镁矿—菱铁矿—白云石—方解石,但是这种完整的序列是不常见的,通常仅为其中某几种矿物的组合,然而不管是哪些矿物进行组合,其出现的顺序都不变。推测该矿物序列的类型受热液喷流和溢流阶段、时间、温度和热水化学性质控制,早期高温、高盐度条件下出现的铝硅酸盐矿物序列较多,而晚期主要形成碳酸盐矿物序列。 相似文献
11.
走滑环境中陆相盆地充填层序特征以云南先锋盆地为例 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
走滑陆相盆地在构造背景、沉积范围、物源供应方式、基底地形特征、沉积物特点和沉积层序特征方面均与大陆边缘海相盆地有重要区别，通常具有多物源、多沉积体系、相带窄、相变快的特点。本文在对云南先锋盆地充填序列、沉积格架、构造格架和区域构造背景分析基础上，讨论了在走滑构造背景下陆相盆地的一系列特征以及走滑型陆相盆地的层序地层特点. 相似文献
12.
湿陷性黄土地区基桩承载力检测中桩顶荷载是在土体沉降后施加的,桩基使用条件下是桩顶荷载施加之后再出现土体沉降。简要分析了这两种加载次序之间桩土相互作用差异的机制。采用有限元方法分析了这种差异。计算结果表明,在这两种加载次序中,桩顶荷载的增加都会引起沉降增加,中性点下降,下拉力减小。结果还表明,与桩顶荷载先施加的相比,桩顶荷载后施加得到的中性点的位置比较低,桩基沉降比较小,下拽力也较小,这些差异随着桩顶荷载的增大而更加明显。在两种加载次序的各个加载阶段,桩周摩阻力的分布与发挥也会出现细微的变化。这会使湿陷性黄土地区桩的承载力检测结果略微偏于不安全 相似文献
13.
莺歌海盆地坡折带特征及其对沉积体系的控制 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
坡折带是层序样式划分的重要依据.大量地震剖面的精细解剖表明, 莺歌海盆地坡折带可划分为构造坡折带和沉积坡折带, 进而将层序构成样式划分为四类, 即挠曲坡折型、断裂坡折型(生长断裂型)、沉积坡折型(陆架陆坡型, 相当于Ⅰ类层序)和缓坡型.不同类型层序样式控制不同低位体的空间分布.挠曲坡折、断裂坡折和沉积坡折控制了各三级层序中斜坡扇和盆底扇的分布, 而缓坡控制强制性海退型低位三角洲的分布.详细的构造研究表明, 莺歌海盆地裂后期边缘断裂, 如①号断裂和莺东断裂在不同时期不同部位仍表现出程度不同的活动性.正是由于这些断层的活动性及其在空间上的差异性, 控制了盆地内坡折带的发育. 相似文献
14.
Danilo R. Velis 《Mathematical Geology》2007,39(4):409-417
Stationary segments in well log sequences can be automatically detected by searching for change points in the data. These
change points, which correspond to abrupt changes in the statistical nature of the underlying process, can be identified by
analysing the probability density functions of two adjacent sub-samples as they move along the data sequence. A statistical
test is used to set a significance level of the probability that the two distributions are the same, thus providing a means
to decide how many segments comprise the data by keeping those change points that yield low probabilities. Data from the Ocean
Drilling Program were analysed, where a high correlation between the available core-log lithology interpretation and the statistical
segmentation was observed. Results show that the proposed algorithm can be used as an auxiliary tool in the analysis and interpretation
of geophysical log data for the identification of lithology units and sequences. 相似文献
15.
The Itombwe Synclinorium in the Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo contains a Neoproterozoic succession of greenschist facies metasedimentary rocks defined as the Itombwe Supergroup, dated between 1020 ± 50 and 575 ± 83 Ma. The Itombwe Supergroup unconformably overlies the Mesoproterozoic Kibaran belt and is subdivided into the Upper and Lower Kadubu Groups which are separated by a faulted tectonic contact. Graded, rhythmically repeated sequences of sandstones, greywackes, phyllites and shales indicate deposition as turbiditic sediment-gravity flows. Periods of basin anoxia are indicated by the presence of graphitic black shales. The Lower and Upper Kadubu Groups contain three stratigraphic levels of diamictites and lonestone-bearing iron-rich sedimentary rocks interpreted as glaciogenic strata, which broadly correlate with other Neoproterozoic glacial sequences in the Central African region and elsewhere around the world. Current stratigraphic and geochronological knowledge of these beds is insufficient to provide more accurate correlations. 相似文献
16.
鹰山组是塔河油田奥陶系油藏主要产层,由于储层非均质性严重,长期以来对其连通性认识不清,严重影响到油田的合理开发.高频层序地层学是研究碳酸盐岩地层形成与分布的有效手段,本文利用高频层序地层学理论和技术方法研究了塔河油田鹰山组上部层序地层特征,将其划分为28个五级层序和4个四级层序,四级层序包括2个退积准层序组和2个进积准层序组.由于四级层序、五级层序是受米兰科维奇天文周期控制的异旋回成因层序,横向变化不大,能够在大范围内追踪对比.因此,根据高频层序划分结果建立高精度的层序地层格架,在此基础上开展储层对比研究.研究表明,塔河油田鹰山组中,孔洞型储层的分布与层序的形成有密切关系,能够在高频层序地层格架内进行对比;裂缝型储层,由于是受后期构造应力作用,横向变化快,相邻井间不具有对比性. 相似文献
17.
塔里木盆地北部奥陶系层序地层研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
以层序地层学为指导，通过对塔里木盆地北部奥陶系的深入研究，确定奥陶系由２个超层序组成；超层序ＳＳｑ１相当于下奥陶统地层，由４个层序组成。层序的发育以高水位体系域为主，水进体系域相对不太发育；低水位体系域分布较局限。各层序中发育的密集段向盆地方向逐渐合并成复合密集段，表现为“梳状结构”。超层序ＳＳｑ２相当于中、上奥陶统，也由４个层序组成，下部２个层序以低水位浊积扇沉积为主，上部２个层序中体系域发育齐全。最后讨论了碳酸盐岩隆与层序发育的关系 相似文献
18.
19.
K. D. Tuckwell 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5-6):295-308
Within the complexly deformed and metamorphosed middle Precambrian Willyama Complex in western New South Wales, two distinct sedimentary sequences are recognized at the top of the succession. The fine‐grained carbonaceous Bijerkerno Beds conformably overlie a very thick psammopelitic unit termed the Wookookaroo Beds. These two sequences record different depositional histories, though they probably have similar source areas. The base of the Wookookaroo Beds is terminated against a significant tectono‐stratigraphic boundary, which may represent a major stratigraphic break within the Willyama Complex. Beneath this boundary, felsic and mafic gneisses and high‐grade metasediments are correlated with mine‐sequence rocks such as are developed within the vicinity of the main Broken Hill lode. Correlations between the stratigraphy, as established at Bijerkerno, and other areas from the Willyama Complex, help provide a fuller understanding of this Precambrian terrain. 相似文献
20.
钻孔样本间因存在地层层序不一致而导致无法确定建模时各地层拓扑关系,是采用钻孔数据建立三维地质模型的难点。拟通过下述方法解决这一难点：在已知的主地层层序表情况下,由主地层层序表结合钻孔信息推测出其他地层层序表,建立地层层序表集,再通过运用空间分析的手段来确定钻孔样本与各张地层层序表的归属关系,采用最大数目地层连接法来自动确定两个地层层序表间相互连接关系,并得到合并表;然后结合这种连接法,将全部地层层序表合并为一张最终地层层序表,从而确定所有地层拓扑关系;所有钻孔数据按照最终表进行标准化,之后运用表面建模方法进行三维地层建模。在诸永高速公路K120+030～K120+300段滑坡区域的三维地层建模中,运用该方法验证了其有效性。 相似文献