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1.
本文从区域构造演化及构造特征、"三软"煤层(顶、底板和煤层均破碎的煤层及组合)分布及瓦斯特性和构造煤瓦斯内能释放等方面探讨了新密矿区低临界值瓦斯动力现象发生的机理及地质控制作用。研究结果表明:新密矿区构造演化具有多期叠加改造的性质,中、新生代拉张裂陷环境中形成的重力滑动构造对"三软"煤层的普遍发育具有重要控制作用,"三软"煤层的形成及组合形式影响井田瓦斯赋存和构造应力环境的非均衡性;顺煤层断层、煤层流变的规模及构造煤的发育程度是低临界值瓦斯动力发生的主控因素;高应力环境下"三软"煤层中构造煤的初期内能释放是激发低临界值瓦斯动力现象发生的关键;对低临界值瓦斯动力区域的预测可以通过对煤层流变和瓦斯初期解吸能的研究来实现。 相似文献
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通过研究平顶山矿区17对生产矿井的瓦斯地质特征,分析各矿井瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力和涌出量实测数据,总结了平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存分布规律。运用瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论厘清了区域构造演化、矿区和矿井构造对平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存分布的控制,提出了平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存的构造逐级控制特征:区域板块构造运动及演化奠定了平顶山矿区高瓦斯的基调;矿区构造李口向斜确定了矿区瓦斯东高西低、呈轴对称分布的总体规律;矿井构造主导矿井各煤层瓦斯赋存和矿井区域瓦斯赋存的差异性。研究成果为准确预测瓦斯赋存分布和预防煤与瓦斯突出提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
突出了大区域构造背景下的瓦斯赋存分布特征及其控制因素研究。重庆煤矿区古今构造应力场具有继承性,煤系应力长期得不到松弛,形成含煤岩系的长期应力集中,十分利于瓦斯富集,致使煤与瓦斯突出主要发生在地质构造变动比较剧烈的应力集中区。含煤岩系沉积环境及构造应力场是控制重庆煤矿区瓦斯赋存的两大地质因素。龙潭组海湾-潮坪-沼泽/泥炭相沉积环境具有良好的封盖能力,瓦斯含量普遍较高;须家河组河流冲积平原、湖滨-三角洲沉积体系对瓦斯的封盖能力较弱,瓦斯含量普遍较低。厘定出南桐高突瓦斯带、华蓥山高突瓦斯带、永荣高瓦斯带、渝东南瓦斯带、渝东瓦斯带和大巴山高瓦斯带6个区域性瓦斯地质带。 相似文献
4.
Gas outburst disasters and the mining technology of key protective seam in coal seam group in the Huainan coalfield 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Coal and gas outburst disasters in coal seams are becoming more serious as coal mines extend deeper underground in China. To aid gas control in high-gas outburst coal seam group, this study performed research based on the geological conditions of the Xinzhuangzi coal mine in the Huainan coalfield. The laws of gas occurrence, the strength of the coal outburst, and the regional partition were studied. Simultaneously, we introduced the key protective seam mining technology and confirmed the mining sequence of coal seam groups. The results indicate that (1) each seam absorbs gas well, and the currently measured gas content is up to 15.0 m3/t. (2) Although some differences about coal seams outburst intensity remain, the differences in the same group are very small. (3) The coal seam B10 was chosen as the key protective seam and was mined first; then adjacent seams were mined from bottom to top by layer within the roof of B10 and from top-to-bottom within the floor of B10 to guarantee each adjacent coal seam received the good effects of pressure-relief and increasing permeability. (4) The main methods of gas extraction in each protected seam are surface boreholes and net-like penetrating boreholes in the floor roadway, and related technical parameters were determined according to the degree of pressure-relief in coal seam. This in situ experiment indicates a method aiding the gas control problem and guaranteeing safe and highly efficient exploitation of high-gas outburst seams. 相似文献
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6.
构造控煤在采矿安全中扮演着重要的角色,但现有资料对准东煤田构造研究较少,为使煤炭安全高效开采,需有针对性地进行煤田开采地质条件研究。以准东煤田构造特征为研究对象,通过统计断裂构造信息,使用分形维数(分维)定量表征了构造复杂程度,探讨了准东煤田现今构造特征和构造动力成因,分析了构造特征对煤田开采地质条件的影响。结果表明：准东煤田断裂以正断层发育为主,少量大型走滑断层;通过对构造复杂程度的定量表征,煤田大部分区域构造分维为0.5～0.9,表明煤田的总体构造格局较复杂。准东地区主要经历了晚海西期、印支期、燕山期及喜马拉雅期四期构造运动,其中在侏罗系煤层形成后,燕山期南北和东北向挤压应力对煤田改造作用较大,且在该期构造运动后准东煤田构造格局基本形成。受多期构造演化作用的控制,准东煤田形成了多种典型控煤构造样式：复向斜型褶皱构造划分了卡拉美丽山前凹陷带的构造格局;叠瓦式逆冲构造主要表现为构造上盘剥蚀严重,含煤性较差,而下盘煤系保存较好,两侧逆冲断层使得煤层遭受切割,煤层在断层的分界处工程地质条件较为复杂,增大了开采难度;推覆式构造主要表现为使煤系在垂向上重复出现,在煤田勘探时增加了找煤难度,发育... 相似文献
7.
豫西告成煤矿滑动构造区瓦斯赋存特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地质构造是煤与瓦斯突出的控制因素,豫西煤田中滑动构造普遍发育。运用区域构造演化、瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论,在系统分析煤田地质勘探和矿井揭露的瓦斯地质资料的基础上,研究了告成煤矿滑动构造的形成机制及其对煤系、煤层和瓦斯赋存的控制作用。告成煤矿位于芦店滑动构造的西部,受两期滑动构造的影响,煤层厚度变化剧烈,构造煤成层发育,煤层顶板结构形成了张性角砾岩、断层泥和张性角砾岩复合、原生顶板(深灰色细砂岩)、剪切角砾岩4种破坏类型,控制着瓦斯逸散、富集和煤与瓦斯区域突出危险性的分布。 相似文献
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针对淮北矿区松软煤巷条带消突采用“底板巷—穿层钻孔”成本高且效率低现状,采用顺层气动定向钻进技术,按钻孔设计精准控制钻孔轨迹于预抽条带煤层中,通过钻孔抽采瓦斯实现煤巷条带消突。根据淮北矿区松软煤层特性,开展煤巷条带预抽瓦斯定向孔设计、气动定向钻进装备选型、软煤定向孔成孔与护孔工艺、抽采效果评价等研究。该技术成功应用于淮北某矿Ⅲ635工作面煤巷条带消突,试验7个孔深均大于300 m钻孔,且全程下筛管,创造两淮软煤矿区顺层钻孔372 m最深记录,成功保障煤巷掘进,减少底板巷和穿层钻孔,为软煤矿区煤巷条带瓦斯高效治理探索出新方法。 相似文献
9.
With the increasing demand for coal resources, coal mining has gradually entered into the deep strata of coal seams. Although the increase in mining depth improves energy security, it is associated with severe hazards, especially coal and gas outburst. Protective seam mining is an efficient method for gas control and has been widely used in major coal-producing countries. However, studies on deep ultra-thin protective seam (thickness 0.1–1 m, average thickness 0.5 m) mining and its related problems have been rarely reported. Focusing on the challenges resulting from deep mining (mining depth >1100 m) and the research gap, a coal and gas co-exploitation technique, which combines the gas control technology and green mining (including coal preparation and backfilling), has been proposed in this work. Significant benefits have been achieved in the twelfth coal mine of the Pingdingshan coalfield (study area) following the implementation of this technique. The application of the gas control technology markedly improved the gas drainage efficiency, promoted increased gas utilization, and reduced the greenhouse gas emission, providing notable economic and environmental benefits. In addition, implementation of green mining improved the coal quality, relieved the burden of the transport system, and, in particular, effectively prevented surface subsidence, thus protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, which offered significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. The practice in the twelfth coal mine could be used as a valuable example for coal mines with similar geological conditions. 相似文献
10.
为了查明煤层瓦斯赋存的地质规律,探讨其控制因素,基于矿区地质资料和瓦斯化验结果,对贵州省织纳煤田织金矿区红梅煤矿可采煤层瓦斯分布特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,矿区可采煤层基本处于沼气带,且属于富甲烷煤层;在垂向上,煤层呈波动式,体现了沉积-水文-构造地质条件耦合作用;在平面上,具有向斜控气特征,正是在埋深背景上构造-水文地质条件耦合作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
汪家寨煤矿是严重的煤与瓦斯突出矿井,依据矿区实际瓦斯地质资料,运用瓦斯地质理论和构造演化理论,研究了区域和井田构造控制特征。分析认为该矿主要以中小型突出、倾出为主,压出为辅;随煤层埋深的增加突出强度增大;C409煤突出最为严重;突出多发生在煤巷掘进面及断层影响带。分析了埋藏深度、顶底板岩性、煤厚及其变化、软分层、地质构造等因素对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的影响,认为断层及其影响带、厚煤尤其是其增厚部位是煤与瓦斯突出的易发区域,因此断层构造和煤层厚度及其变化控制着该矿突出的发生和分布规律,为煤与瓦斯突出的主控因素。研究成果为矿井突出防治工作提供了理论指导。 相似文献
12.
Gas outburst disasters are becoming more serious as the underground coal mines become deeper in China, and a thick zone of deformed coal provides conditions favorable to coal and gas outbursts. The Daning coal mine’s main mining seam is the No. 3 coal seam with coal and gas outburst hazard, which often contains two normal coal sub-layers and one deformed sub-layer. Considering both the geological conditions of the coal seam and applications of the in-seam directional longhole drilling technology, a new schematic diagram of in-seam directional longholes for gas drainage is developed. The two borehole layout models of longwall panel and main entries for gas outburst disasters control have been successfully applied. The gas drainage rates of both models are >70 %, and the residual gas contents are both <8 m3/t, which can be considered that the gas outburst disasters were effectively controlled. To better guide gas drainage, gas drainage normal and failure modes have been obtained. Although in-seam directional longhole technology has been successfully applied for regional gas drainage with benefits to gas outburst control, there are also some problems that are detrimental to greenhouse gas reductions in gas drainage and gas utilization. The three main problems are air leakage failure in gas drainage, decreasing gas concentration and a low gas utilization ratio. To address the problems mentioned above, five improvements are suggested. 相似文献
13.
虽然沉降-埋藏史模拟技术在油气地质研究中被广泛使用,但是却很少用于煤田地质研究。随着高产高效矿井和深部煤炭资源开采的展开,对煤田地质研究的要求也越来越高。迫切需要把沉降-埋藏史模拟等新技术引入到煤田地质研究中。以柴达木盆地北缘西大滩矿区的研究为例,根据煤田地质和沉降、埋藏史模拟技术的特点．介绍了用于煤盆地构造演化研究的沉降-埋藏史模拟技术方法,并对西大滩矿区侏罗纪煤系的沉降-埋藏史模拟结果进行了分析。认为研究区的构造演化可划分为中生代阶段（J1-J3）和新生代阶段（E—N）,其间被白垩纪时期的盆地抬升剥蚀所分开。实例研究表明,沉降史和埋藏史模拟技术为盆地构造演化研究提供了定量或半定量的技术手段。 相似文献
14.
断裂构造对利民矿井煤与瓦斯突出的控制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
阐述了断裂构造对煤与瓦斯突出的控制和不同构造部位瓦斯突出的差异性。因煤层围岩性质的不同，地质构造的差异，瓦斯突出的地段和危险性也不一样。主控断裂的作用形成了不同的构造应力分区，从而导致瓦斯不同程度地聚积与泄散，决定着煤与瓦斯突出的强度、密度的分区分带性。这些研究成果对利民矿井各采区瓦斯突出危险性的预测，具有现实意义。 相似文献
15.
根据实测平煤五矿己15煤层瓦斯含量和压力结果,从力能角度分析了地应力、瓦斯和煤强度对煤与瓦斯突出的影响,发现己四采区己15煤层受地应力作用,煤体弹性潜能远大于瓦斯膨胀能,即以构造应力为主的地应力为其突出最主要的影响因素;结合己四采区地质因素和己15煤层瓦斯可解吸量,确定该采区煤与瓦斯突出危险区的下限指标为原煤瓦斯含量达到5.4 m3/t,绝对瓦斯压力为0.79 MPa,该下限指标对应的煤层底板标高为–600 m。因此预测–600 m标高以浅为无突出危险区,–600 m以深为突出危险区。 相似文献
16.
Coal and gas outburst hazard in Zonguldak Coal Basin of Turkey,and association with geological parameters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coal and gas outbursts have been a major geological hazard to underground coal mining for over 150 years and continue to cause serious problems in all over the world. In order to have a better understanding of the phenomenon, it is worthwhile making a historical review of the occurrences and a combat of the events. Many investigations and researches have been done to characterize and prevent the outburst occurrences in the worldwide, but there has been no detailed investigation about coal and gas outburst occurrences in Turkey. This paper presents the outburst data of coal mines in Turkey since 1969. Based on the observation of outburst occurrence in Turkey in the period from 1969 to 2012 as well as mining and geological conditions, detailed analysis of the possible causes of outburst accidents is conducted. The influences of some geological parameters such as the depth of occurrence, thickness and inclination of coal seams, the amount of ejected material (coal and gas), and tectonic disturbances on coal and gas outburst occurrences have been statistically investigated. The outburst occurrences throughout the world were reviewed and compared with the Turkish outburst experiences. Suggestions are put forward on future studies that could be of interest to government agencies regarding strategic policies, proper technical management practice, identification of outburst-prone coal seams, as well as prevention and control measures. 相似文献
17.
针对煤层碎软、渗透性低、工作面瓦斯抽采难度大且效率低的问题，提出两端对接分段压裂顶板水平井组的工作面瓦斯抽采全覆盖模式。选取淮北煤田宿县矿区某矿井为例，依据研究区地应力与工作面展布特征，结合研究区内瓦斯地质条件及煤层力学性质分析，利用交叉偶极子声波测井方法优选水平井水平段布置方位，采用Fracpro PT的压裂模拟技术确定水平井水平段距离71煤层的范围，即布置在煤层顶板2 m以内；采用抽采模拟技术对研究区试验工程进行预测，结果显示，抽采3 a后工作面的瓦斯含量和压力都大幅度降低，达到了工作面瓦斯抽采全覆盖的要求。提出的抽采模式为国内类似地质条件煤矿地面瓦斯高效抽采提供一种手段。 相似文献
18.
应用瓦斯赋存地质构造逐级控制理论,结合湖南省煤矿瓦斯地质资料,探讨了湖南省煤矿瓦斯赋存构造控制规律,进行瓦斯分带划分和瓦斯带特征分析。研究结果表明:湖南省境内地质构造复杂,北面受华北板块的碰撞挤压,西面受藏滇板块的推挤,南面受印支板块作用,东面受太平洋菲律宾板块长时期的碰撞挤压,使得湖南省内煤层受构造破坏严重,构造煤发育,煤层厚度变化大,剧烈的岩浆热变质作用增强了煤的变质程度,各种因素综合作用结果对瓦斯赋存有重大影响。将湖南省煤矿瓦斯赋存分布划分为2个高突瓦斯带、1个高瓦斯带和5个低瓦斯带。 相似文献
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为查明宁武煤田北部构造特征及其对石炭-二叠系的控煤作用,结合野外露头、钻孔岩性、三维地震等资料,分析了宁武煤田构造区带划分、地层结构、构造演化及应力场特征,明确了宁武煤田北部主力煤层的控煤构造。研究表明:晚古生代以来,宁武煤田主要经历了印支、燕山和喜马拉雅3期构造运动,其中燕山期构造最为复杂,具有幕式、挤压伸展交替演化,控制了煤田现今的构造格局;煤田边界主要受NE—近NS向逆冲断裂带控制,内部由平鲁向斜、朔县向斜和宁武向斜3个赋煤区构成。煤田内发育NE—NEE、近NS向和近EW向正断层,且具有叠加改造和差异性分布的特征,平面多呈斜交、平行分布,垂向多为垒堑、顺向和反向断阶构造样式,共同控制了不同井田的煤层赋存稳定区。 相似文献