共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
几种岩石强度准则的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用常规三轴试验数据,以最小平均拟合差为评价指标定量地对比分析5种强度准则描述岩石非线性强度特征的适用性。结果表明：直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则不能描述岩石强度的非线性特征;抛物线型Mohr-Coulomb虽能描述岩石强度的非线性特征,但拟合误差较大,计算所得强度参数与事实不符,不宜使用;对于中低围压（ ）下岩石强度的非线性特征,单参数Bieniawski准则拟合精度与Hoek-Brown准则相当或稍好,拟合精度接近于指数强度准则,均优于双参数Bieniawski准则;在高围压下岩石强度非线性特征较为显著,应用单参数Bieniawski 准则或Hoek-Brown准则描述误差较大,三参数Bieniawski准则和指数强度准则拟合误差较小,可用于评价深部或特深部高应力状态下岩石的强度特征。 相似文献
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基于残余强度修正的岩石损伤软化统计本构模型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岩石随着围压的增大,残余强度的增加幅度比峰值强度大,残余强度逐渐成为影响岩石全应力-应变曲线峰后段的主要因素,因此,建立岩石损伤软化统计本构模型时,对残余强度进行修正是非常必要的。基于岩石应变强度理论以及岩石微元强度服从Weibull随机分布的假设,考虑岩石峰后残余强度对损伤变量进行修正,在微元破坏符合Hoek-Brown屈服准则条件下,建立了能够反映岩石峰后软化特征的三维损伤统计本构模型;依据岩石试验全应力-应变曲线的几何特征,推导出本构模型参数的数学表达式,并基于花岗岩室内试验数据对模型参数进行探讨,研究了Weibull分布参数与本构模型的关系,探讨了损伤修正系数的取值和岩石累积损伤的扩展过程;将建立的本构模型理论曲线与4种岩石（斑状二长花岗岩、细晶大理岩、砂岩和粉砂质泥岩）不同围压下的常规三轴压缩试验曲线进行对比分析,结果表明,该模型能很好地描述岩石破裂过程的全应力-应变关系和表征岩石残余强度特征。这对于岩石损伤软化问题以及岩石加固处理措施的研究均具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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深部岩石在工程中具有高应力、大变形等典型特点,因此,高围压下考虑岩石残余强度的三轴试验对于分析深部岩石力学特性具有重要意义。离散单元法是分析岩石力学特性的重要数值方法,但是长期以来采用离散单元法定量模拟岩石的三轴试验一直存在诸多挑战,即数值模拟与室内试验得到的应力-应变全过程曲线难以定量匹配。采用改进的三维胶结抗弯-扭模型对深部砂岩考虑残余强度时的三轴试验进行了定量模拟,实现了数值模拟与室内试验应力-应变全过程曲线的定量匹配,获得了岩石较大的峰值/残余内摩擦角及非线性强度包线,克服了经典BPM模型存在的3个突出问题。通过参数分析,研究了峰值/残余内摩擦角及黏聚力与离散元微观参数之间的关系,同时这些大量的算例也证明了该模型具有较高的计算效率,可以满足模拟三维室内常规试验的要求。 相似文献
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锦屏大理岩卸荷本构模型与数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞位于高地应力区,对取自隧洞内的大理岩进行常规三轴压缩试验、峰前卸围压试验。基于大理岩的峰前卸荷试验,研究峰前卸荷条件下岩石的变形、参数及破裂特征,建立峰前卸荷条件下岩石的幂函数型Mohr强度准则,给出数值仿真试验中大理岩的峰前卸载条件,利用有限差分程序FLAC3D建立了数值仿真模型,对模型进行了计算与分析,最后与室内试验结果对比,得到峰前卸荷状态下大理岩力学特性的相关规律。研究结果表明,幂函数型Mohr强度准则可较好地反映峰前卸荷条件下岩石的强度特性;卸围压初期,岩石试件呈现出明显的弹塑性特征;卸荷过程中岩石试件发生破坏时的峰值强度和围压降值随着围压增加而变大。研究结论揭示了锦屏大理岩卸载应力路径下的力学特性,具有一定的理论参考价值。 相似文献
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为建立更为完善的岩石统计损伤本构模型,针对现有模型难以反映某些岩石在三轴试验条件下弹性模量随围压变化而改变的特性,从不同类型空隙对岩石变形性质的影响入手,深入分析了岩石弹性模量变化的机理,并在此基础上,依据弹性参数与岩石中未闭合裂隙数的关系建立了岩石弹性模量变化的分析方法。之后,引入统计损伤理论,考虑损伤阈值的影响和残余强度变形特征,建立了可模拟岩石变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型,并给出了基于三轴压缩试验曲线的模型参数确定方法。本文模型可反映岩石弹性模量随围压变化而改变的特性,且具备现有模型的优点,对岩石变形全过程模拟效果良好。最后,通过试验曲线与本文及同类模型理论曲线的对比分析,表明了本文模型的合理性与优越性。 相似文献
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基于滑带应力状态分析和室内试验,提出了基于滑带强度参数动态演化的滑坡稳定性评价方法,并将应力状态作为评价滑面力学参数的主要指标,以合理地反映滑面强度状态对滑坡稳定性的影响。通过室内试验,获得了滑面强度参数与工程性状、力学参数之间的量化关系,在该基础上,通过数值计算,对滑面的力学参数和滑坡的稳定性进行三维计算。计算结果表明,利用提出的方法能较好地反映出滑带强度参数的空间分区特征。同时,对工况变动情况下滑带的强度参数进行量化取值,并对滑坡的稳定性进行动态计算,提出的计算方法更能体现出滑坡力学参数与稳定性的动态变化过程。 相似文献
8.
高应力区岩石统计损伤本构模型研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了反映高应力区岩石变形破坏全过程,通过引入双参数抛物线型Mohr强度准则,建立适用于高应力区岩体的微元强度度量方式,并假定由该度量方式得到的微元强度服从幂函数概率密度分布,结合连续损伤理论,考虑损伤变量修正,建立一个新的适用于高应力区岩体的统计损伤本构模型。以高应力区英安岩为验证对象,进行常规三轴压缩试验,依据岩石应力-应变曲线特征,给出模型参数确定方法。引用基于线性Mohr强度准则而建适用于浅部低应力水平岩体的相关统计损伤模型,利用该模型和所建模型对高应力区英安岩和相关文献中的高应力区砂岩、花岗岩试验数据进行验证,对比试验曲线和理论曲线,证明所建模型的可行性和适用性,并对英安岩累积损伤的扩展过程进行分析。 相似文献
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为了更好的反映基坑开挖后土体的变形非线性特性,采用幂函数描述土体剪切过程中切线模量随主应力差值增大而衰减的过程。积分得到主应力差值和应变的数学表达式,其反映的数学规律符合一般土力学模型的要求。对应于不同的幂指数,该表达式可以很好拟合三轴试验应力-应变曲线。基于Duncan-Chang模型参数确定的方法,提出了本文模型参数的确定方法。在通用有限元软件基础上二次开发了模型的计算程序。应用于某基坑变形的计算结果表明,本文提出的模型比Duncan-Chang模型能更好的预测围护结构的变形。 相似文献
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为了更好的反映基坑开挖后土体的变形非线性特性,采用幂函数描述土体剪切过程中切线模量随主应力差值增大而衰减的过程。积分得到主应力差值和应变的数学表达式,其反映的数学规律符合一般土力学模型的要求。对应于不同的幂指数,该表达式可以很好拟合三轴试验应力-应变曲线。基于Duncan-Chang模型参数确定的方法,提出了本文模型参数的确定方法。在通用有限元软件基础上二次开发了模型的计算程序。应用于某基坑变形的计算结果表明,本文提出的模型比Duncan-Chang模型能更好的预测围护结构的变形。 相似文献
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对攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿尖山矿区的细粒和中粒辉长岩进行了单轴压缩、常规三轴压缩、抗拉强度和软化等系列岩石力学试验,研究了岩石结构(矿物颗粒大小)、水和围压等因素对岩石强度和变形特性的影响。结果表明,细粒辉长岩单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和压拉比均高于中粒辉长岩,但在三轴压缩情况下,两种岩石的峰值强度、残余强度和弹性模量差异较小;与中粒辉长岩相比,细粒辉长岩的峰值强度的黏聚力C较大,而峰值强度的内摩擦角φ较小;随着围压的增长,辉长岩峰值强度、残余强度与围压近似呈线性关系,剪切破坏角减小,平均模量E增长不明显,割线模量E50增长较显著;辉长岩的软化系数较高,在水的作用下弹性模量降低,泊松比升高。 相似文献
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针对单一贯通结构面注浆加固影响围岩承载力的问题,提出了一种制作含单一贯通破裂面岩样的方法,并对此种岩样分别注入超细水泥和环氧树脂材料,进而借助RMT-150 C试验系统探究了固结体单/三轴压缩下强度及变形特征,最后,采用理论分析结合电镜扫描手段,揭示了结构面注浆微观固结机制。研究发现,三轴加−卸载条件下制备的破裂结构面更接近工程实际,符合试验要求;从应力−应变特征曲线来看,注超细水泥试件表现出阶段性,注环氧树脂试件曲线较为平滑;从强度特征来看,围压影响程度明显高于注浆材料的选择;注浆加固手段可提高岩体的残余强度,随着围压的提高,残余强度提高系数越不明显,固结体峰值强度愈发接近完整岩石峰值强度;从破坏特征来看,注超细水泥试件主破裂面沿原始破裂面剪切滑移,注环氧树脂试件主破裂面为新的贯通破裂面;最后,以摩尔−库仑准则为理论基础,建立了注浆材料黏结力与结构面强度提高系数关系式,发现结构面强度提高系数与浆液黏结力呈线性关系。与试验结果的对比表明,该公式较为合理,可为深部围岩支护优化提供参考。 相似文献
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Considerations on strength of intact sedimentary rocks 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
This study presents the results of laboratory testing of sedimentary rocks under point loading as well as in uniaxial and triaxial compression. From the statistical analysis of the data, different conversion factors relating uniaxial compressive and point loading strength were determined for soft to strong rocks. Additionally, the material constant mi, an input parameter for the Hoek and Brown failure criterion, was also estimated for different limestone samples by analysing the results from a series of triaxial compression tests under different confining pressures. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rocks, as estimated from the point load index using conversion factors, together with the Hoek–Brown constant mi, and the Geological Strength Index (GSI) constitute the parameters for the calculation of the strength and deformability of rock masses. 相似文献
14.
A Simplified Failure Criterion for Intact Rocks Based on Rock Type and Uniaxial Compressive Strength 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Jiayi Shen Rafael Jimenez Murat Karakus Chaoshui Xu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):357-369
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rock, which can be estimated using relatively straightforward and cost-effective techniques, is one of the most practical rock properties used in rock engineering. Thus, constitutive laws to represent the strength and behavior of (intact) rock frequently use it, along with additional intrinsic rock properties. Although triaxial tests can be employed to obtain best-fit failure criterion parameters that provide best strength predictions, they are more expensive and require time-consuming procedures; as a consequence, they are often not readily available at early stages of a project. Based on the analysis of an extensive triaxial test database for intact rocks, we propose a simplified empirical failure criterion in which rock strength at failure is expressed in terms of confining stress and UCS, with a new parameter which can be directly estimated from the UCS for a specified rock type in the absence of triaxial test data. Performance of the proposed failure criterion is then tested for validation against experimental data for eight rock types. The results show that strengths of intact rock estimated by the proposed failure criterion are in good agreement with experimental test data, with small discrepancies between estimated and measurements strengths. Therefore, the proposed criterion can be useful for preliminary (triaxial) strength estimation of intact rocks when triaxial tests data are not available. 相似文献
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Zhechao Wang Shucai Li Liping Qiao Jiangang Zhao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1603-1615
A series of laboratory tests were performed to examine the fatigue behavior of granite subjected to cyclic loading under triaxial compression condition. In these tests, the influences of volumetric change and residual strain on the deformation modulus of granite under triaxial cyclic compression were investigated. It is shown that the fatigue behavior of granite varies with the tendency for volumetric change in triaxial cyclic compression tests. In the stress–strain space, there are three domains for fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading, namely the volumetric compaction, volumetric dilation with strain-hardening behavior, and volumetric dilation with strain-softening behavior domains. In the different domains, the microscopic mechanisms for rock deformation are different. It was also found that the stress level corresponding to the transition from volumetric compaction to volumetric dilation could be considered as the threshold for fatigue failure. The potential of fatigue deformation was compared with that of plastic deformation. The comparison shows that rocks exhibit higher resistances to volumetric deformation under cyclic loading than under plastic loading. The influence of residual strain on the fatigue behavior of rock was also investigated. It was found that the axial residual strain could be a better option to describe the fatigue behavior of rock than the loading cycle number. A constitutive model for the fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading is proposed according to the test results and discussion. In the model, the axial residual strain is considered as an internal state variable. The influences of confining pressure and peak deviatoric stress on the deformation modulus are considered in a term named the equivalent stress. Comparison of test results with model predictions shows that the proposed model is capable of describing the prepeak fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. 相似文献
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《Engineering Geology》2000,57(3-4):215-237
Weathering can induce a rapid change of rock material from initial rock-like properties to soil-like properties. The resistance of a rock to short-term weathering is described through a durability parameter called the slake durability index. As durability is an important engineering parameter, particularly for weak and clay-bearing rocks, it was assessed by a number of tests. The main purpose of this study is to assess the influence of the number of drying and wetting cycles and controls of mineralogical composition and strength on durability. For this purpose, 141 samples of different types of weak and clay-bearing rocks were selected from different parts of Turkey, and relationships between the above-mentioned rock characteristics were statistically investigated. The samples were subjected to multiple-cycle slake durability testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and uniaxial compression testing. In addition, to assess the influence of mineralogical composition on durability, the mineral contents of the original material and the material passing from the drum of the slake durability apparatus after each cycle were also determined by XRD. The results indicate that the type and amount of clay minerals are the main factors influencing the variations of the slake durability index in all samples. The durability of the clay-bearing rocks studied correlates best with the amount of expandable clay minerals. A strong relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength and the fourth-cycle slake durability index is found only for the marls among the rock types studied. Assessment of gradation results of the spoil pile materials consisting of clay-bearing rocks also reveals that the increase in percentage of fines in old piles is indicative of material degradation, as is evident by multiple-cycle slaking. It is emphasized that two-cycle conventional slake durability testing did not appear to offer an acceptable indication of the durability of weak and clay-bearing rocks when compared with multiple-cyclic wetting and drying. Comments on the performance of the test are made that aim to make the testing process and interpretation of the results more reliable. 相似文献