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1.
采用磷铋钼蓝分光光度法测定电解金属锰中的痕量磷。对w(P)=0．00080％的电解金属锰样品平行测定10次，其相对标准偏差为6．9％，加标回收率为90％～110％。 相似文献
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碘量法快速测定电解金属锰中硒 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用在HCl介质中定量加入Na2S2O3溶液，用淀粉作指示剂，过量的Na2S2O3以碘标准溶液进行滴定，间接测定电解金属锰中的硒。方法的加标回收率为92．5％-107．5％，对w（Se）=0．078％的样品进行10次测定的RSD为3．02％，用于实际样品测定，结果与国标法相符。 相似文献
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在连江县农业地质调查评价的基础上,系统地分析了土壤中硒元素含量的空间分布特征及其与成土母质、土壤类型和土地利用现状的关系及农作物含量特征。结果表明:研究区土壤硒含量均为0.280 mg/kg,耕地以足硒为主,面积占比70.20%,富硒耕地占16.43%;园地以富硒为主,面积占64.83%,足硒园地占30.95%。表层土壤硒含量主要受控于成土母质,耕地不同土壤类型硒含量有一定的差异,不同的土地利用现状分类土壤中硒含量差别较大;土壤硒含量与有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、硫、氧化铁、锰、钼、硼、铜、锌(p0.01)呈显著正相关,与酸碱度、氧化钙(p0.01)呈显著负相关。水稻糯米富硒效应较好,主要农作物安全性均很高。 相似文献
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电解锰压滤渣是工业生产金属锰过程中采用湿法酸浸电解工艺产生的一种工业废渣。这种传统的废渣处理处置方式,极易造成严重的环境污染和地质灾害的发生。本次研究将电解锰压滤渣通过焙烧生产活性微粉、产生的脱硫烟气制硫酸,是一种能有效解决电解锰压滤渣处理处置和综合利用的方法。本文对"锰三角"地区拟建20万吨电解锰压滤渣焙烧生产活性微粉、脱硫烟气制硫酸生产示范线项目,进行了区域市场调研,对项目的经济效益与社会效益进行分析。该项目年均可实现销售收入4162.7万元,为当地循环经济和锰产业可持续发展探索了一条新的出路。 相似文献
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人体的正常生长发育和健康离不开一定含量范围内的微量元素，过量或缺乏会造成毒性或影响健康。人体必需的微量元素有硒、锌、钼、锰、磺、氟、钴、铬、铜等。 相似文献
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江汉平原是中国四大粮仓之一，拥有约69万公顷富硒土壤，大部分为冷浸田，如何利用富硒冷浸田种植富硒水稻是当前亟需研究解决的重大实际问题.以排水整改、强化施硒肥和排水整改后施硒肥3种模式开展了江汉平原富硒冷浸田的大田种植实验.结果表明，在排水整改模式下，排水降低了冷浸田地下水位，提升了土壤的通气性和氧化还原电位，加快了土壤中有机结合态硒向可利用态硒转化，使得土壤可利用态硒比整改前提高25.0%；促进了水稻对硒的吸收，使得水稻根系和籽实中硒含量比整改前分别增加20.6%和8.3%，仅茎干中硒含量无明显变化.在强化施硒肥模式下，每亩施加80 kg硒肥后土壤可利用态硒比施肥前提高41.7%；极大地促进了水稻对硒的吸收，使得水稻根系、茎秆、籽实中硒含量比施肥前分别提升79.4%、37.1%、25.0%.在冷浸田排水整改后每亩施加80 kg硒肥模式下，土壤可利用态硒含量和水稻根系、茎干、籽实中硒含量分别增加50.0%和41.8%、46.1%、47.9%.总之，上述3种利用模式均可提高土壤可利用态硒含量，有利于水稻对土壤硒的吸收，能够显著提高水稻籽实中硒含量；冷浸田排水整改后强化施硒肥利用模式效果最佳. 相似文献
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硒是人体必需的生命元素，开发富硒农产品是提升人体硒摄入的安全有效途径，富硒土地资源是开发富硒农产品的基础。然而，近年来全国开展的多目标地球化学调查发现，富硒土壤中重金属元素镉通常较高，不利于富硒土地开发利用，因此，研究富硒土壤区镉的地球化学特征和生态风险状况对于富硒土地开发具有重要的指导意义。文章对承德市富硒土壤区表层土壤中主要的重金属元素镉的地球化学特征及生态风险进行评价，旨在为承德市富硒土地开发利用提供科学依据。采用“七步提取法”研究了表层土壤镉的形态特征。同时，配套分析了苹果、玉米样品中的重金属元素镉的含量，以了解其生物有效性。结果显示:承德市富硒土壤区表层土壤镉在全区均较富集，在新积土和中性粗骨土、水田中显著富集。研究区圈定了4处镉轻度污染土壤，均在表层土壤镉的高值区。表层土壤镉形态平均含量大小顺序为:水溶态 < 离子交换态 < 强有机结合态 < 腐殖酸结合态 < 铁锰氧化物结合态 < 碳酸盐结合态 < 残渣态，生态风险相对较低。表层土壤镉未对苹果和玉米样品产生影响，苹果和玉米中镉均不超标。承德市富硒土壤区表层土壤镉的生态风险较低，暂不影响承德市富硒土地开发利用。 相似文献
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三江平原西部土壤硒分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来在黑龙江三江平原局部地区发现有珍贵的富硒土地,但对三江平原土壤硒的分布以及土壤硒含量的控制因素研究较少。三江平原西部地区土地质量地球化学调查发现,该区表层土壤主要以足硒为主,未见硒中毒土壤,富硒土壤主要分布于完达山山前至沿挠力河之间的冲湖积低平原地区,少量分布于萝北县城北部的湖成剥蚀台地,硒不足或硒潜在不足地区主要沿松花江河流以及萝北地区黑龙江古河道展布。根据相关性分析、因子分析、聚类分析结果,并结合硒元素地球化学空间分布,认为三江平原表层土壤硒含量主要受表层土壤中有机质以及土壤质地中黏土的吸附作用影响,铁、锰等氧化物以及土壤pH对硒富集具有一定影响,但作用较小。土壤环境质量综合评价显示三江平原地区多为无风险区,是一块珍贵的清洁土地资源,当地可依托富硒土地发展绿色富硒农业。 相似文献
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Statistical characteristics of heavy metals content in groundwater and their interrelationships in a certain antimony mine area 
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下载免费PDF全文 In recent years, most of domestic and foreign researches about heavy metal pollutions of metal mine mainly focus on water, soil and plants on the surface. There is lack of researches about heavy metal pollution in groundwater of metal mine. In this research, a certain antimony mine area is selected as a typical study area. Also, the study about statistical characteristics of heavy metals in groundwater has been carried out. Furthermore, the interrelationships have been preliminarily discussed through related analysis, such as relevant analysis, cluster analysis and principle component analysis. The results show that: the excessive elements in groundwater of study area are Sb, As, Pb, Se, and Ni. The average mass concentration of Sb, As, and Pb is higher than that of drinking water standards (GB5749-2006). The concentration of most heavy metals in dry season is lower than or equal to that in wet season for groundwater. Zn is the only metal in groundwater showing a different pattern, the concentration of which in dry season is higher than that in wet season. Under the impacts of stratum leaching and absorption effect, the concentration of heavy metals (except Pb and Ba) in groundwater are lower than or equal to that in surface water. As and Se, the two heavy metals have a significant positive correlation, which shows the two elements might have gone through similar environmental geochemical effect. Also, the connection among Zn, Hg, Pb, and Mn is not obvious; therefore, the sources of those elements are quite different. In addition, the elements of Se and As have obvious positive interrelationship with elements of CO32- and F-. Also, the Pb has significant positive correlation with PO43-, H2SiO3 and oxygen consumption. The results of cluster analysis show that 9 different heavy metals in the study area can be divided into 3 categories: Zn, Cd, Mn, Hg, Cu, and Cr belong to the first category, Se and As belong to the second one, and the last category is Pb. Also, the principle component analysis divides 6 heavy metals (Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Mn, and Se) into 4 different principle components, which can be utilized to assess heavy metals pollution situations in groundwater. The reliability of this method is higher than 91%. Moreover, the research provides theory basis and models for establishing evaluation index system and exploring the evaluation method of heavy mental pollution in groundwater. 相似文献
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南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
文中对南京市大气降尘重金属含量水平进行了研究,从2006年12月起连续收集一年的大气降尘样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Zn等11个元素。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,南京市大气降尘中除Cr、Fe、Mn外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对降尘重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有三种主要来源:一是As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se与燃煤活动、汽车尾气排放有关。二是Cd、Ni、Zn、Mo可能与化学工业有关,但Mo还受工业活动、土壤颗粒物的影响。分析还表明,在化工业园附近的样点,这些元素含量普遍较高。三是Mn、Cr主要与土壤颗粒物有关(自然来源)。以Fe作为参考元素计算重金属的富集因子表明,自然来源的Cr、Mn具有较小的富集因子,而受工业活动影响的Cd、Pb、Se、Zn具有较大的富集因子。 相似文献
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Selenium and heavy metals content in some Mediterranean soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L. Roca-Perez C. Gil M.L. Cervera A. Gonzálvez J. Ramos-Miras V. Pons J. Bech R. Boluda 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
The study of metal contents in industrial, agricultural or/and polluted soils compared with natural or unpolluted soils is currently necessary to obtain reference values and to assess soil contamination. Nonetheless, very few works published appear in international journals on elements like Se, Li and Sr in Spanish soils. This study determines the total levels of Se, Li, Sr, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ba in 14 natural (unpolluted) soils (Gypsisols, Leptosols, Arenosols and Acrisols), 14 agricultural soils (Anthrosols, Fluvisols and Luvisols), and 4 industrial–urban affected-surface soil horizons (Anthrosols and Fluvisols) of Eastern Spain. The geochemical baseline concentrations (GBC) and reference values (RV) have been established, and the relationships among elements and also between soil properties and elemental concentrations have been analysed. The RV obtained in this study were (mg kg−1): Se 2.68, Li 115, Sr 298, Cd 0.97, Co 35, Cr 217, Cu 46, Ni 50, Pb 137, V 120, Zn 246, Fe 124,472, Mn 2691, and Ba 743. The RV for Se and Li were used as a preliminary approach to assess soil contamination in Spanish soils. The results confirm human impact on Sr, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn soil concentrations, but evidence no deviation from natural Se, Li, Co, V, Fe, Mn and Ba concentrations. The results obtained from the statistical analysis reveal significant correlations between some elements and clay and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, indicating that metal concentrations are controlled by soil composition. One particularly interesting finding is the high correlation coefficients obtained between SOM and Se, Cd, Cr, V, Fe, and Mn, and between clay and Cd, Zn, V, Fe and Mn. Once again, these facts confirm the role of SOM and clay minerals in soil functions and that soil is an ecosystem element responsible for maintaining environmental quality. 相似文献
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确定矿井水中重金属污染程度及主要来源,对矿井水的再利用及矿区生态环境保护具有重要的理论意义。以内蒙古某矿区为研究对象,采集地表水、第四系潜水、承压水及矿井水水样49组,检测水体中Zn、Pb、Fe、Mn、As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Se 10种重金属浓度,分析矿井水中重金属污染特征及超标情况,利用HPI模型定量评价重金属污染程度,并综合数理统计、不同类型水样重金属浓度箱形图及煤/顶板重金属浸出试验,分析矿井水重金属主要来源。结果表明:内蒙古某矿矿井水中Zn、Pb、Fe、Mn、As 5种重金属浓度值超标,其中Fe和Zn的超标率高达100%;7个矿井水样中6个矿井水的HPI值大于临界值100,矿井水重金属污染程度较高;矿井水中的Pb、As主要来源于采煤及运输机械油类物质泄漏,Mn主要来源于Ⅲ含地下水,Fe、Zn主要来源于Ⅲ含地下水及煤层中含Fe、Zn矿物的溶滤。该结论将为矿井水中重金属污染防治提供基础与依据。 相似文献
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The present study was carried out in parts of Hindon-Yamuna interfluve region to evaluate the concentration of trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, B and Pb) in groundwater. Pre-monsoon groundwater samples were collected in 2007 from 22 locations distributed throughout the study area, and were analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrophotometer (ICPMS). Trace element analyses show high concentration levels for Al and Cr in almost all groundwater samples. Relatively high values are also reported for Pb, Se, Fe and Mn (as per B.I.S (1991) standard for drinking water) in few samples. These high concentrations of metal ions in groundwater were probably due to discharge of untreated effluents from Textile, dyeing and other industries. As far as Al is concerned, its source is rather enigmatic. 相似文献
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The vertical distributions of dissolved Se species [Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se] and diagenetic constituents [Fe(II) and Mn(II)] were obtained in porewater samples of two Sudbury area lakes (Clearwater and McFarlane). The sedimentary concentration profiles of total Se, Se species bound to Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides and to organic matter, and of elemental Se were also determined along with the concentrations of Fe, Mn and S in different extractable fractions. Results indicated that the concentrations of total dissolved Se in porewater samples were very low, varying from around 2.0 nM to a maximum level of 6.5 nM, while the concentrations of total Se species in the solid phase varied between 2 and 150 nmol/g on a dry weight basis. The two lakes showed striking differences in the presence of Se(IV) and Se(VI) at the sediment–water interface (SWI). In Clearwater Lake, Se(VI) was present at this interface and Se(IV) was not detectable, whereas the opposite was found in McFarlane Lake. This suggests that reducing conditions might have existed near the SWI of McFarlane Lake at the sampling time; this hypothesis was confirmed by several other measured chemical parameters. The profiles of total dissolved Se of both lakes suggest upward and downward diffusion of dissolved Se species along the concentration gradients. Assuming that no precipitation occurred at the SWI, the fluxes of dissolved Se species across the SWI in Clearwater and McFarlane lakes were estimated to be 0.108 and 0.034 nmol cm−2 a−1, respectively. These values do not include the possible losses of volatile Se species due to microbial methylation. In the reducing sediments of both lakes, the formation of elemental Se and pyritic Se were found to be important mechanisms for controlling the solubility of Se in this environment. The main geochemical processes involving Se identified in this study are: the adsorption of Se onto Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides at or near the SWI, the release of adsorbed Se by the reduction of the same oxyhydroxides and the mineralization of organic matter, and the removal of Se from porewaters to form elemental Se and a S mineral phase such as Se–pyrite or pure ferroselite. 相似文献
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四川省盐亭县食管癌高发与环境地球化学关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
四川省盐亭县是中国著名的食管癌高发区。临床医学对癌变组织、血液等人体组织的研究发现Mn、Mo、Se和Zn 4种元素的缺乏与食管癌关系最为密切。为了探讨食管癌与饮食等环境因素的关系,选择发病率有明显差异的盐亭县高发村和低发村,分别采集分析蔬菜、粮食、土壤等环境介质中微量元素含量,并估算了盐亭县居民Mn、Mo、Se和Zn的日摄入量。结果表明:盐亭县居民Mn和Mo的日摄入量适宜,Se和Zn的日摄入量偏低。但由于食管癌高发村、低发村居民日摄入量没有显著差别,因此,造成研究区食管癌高发的确切原因还有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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Global data are presented for sources of atmospheric input for 20 trace metals, and the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources is assessed. Interference factors are calculated as (total anthropogenic emissions/total natural emissions) × 100. For lithophile metals such as Fe and Mn, interference factors are small. In contrast, the atmophile metals, such as As, Se and Hg, exhibit large interference factors. A significant degree of correlation exists between interference factors and enrichment factors, where enrichment factor is defined as the metal/Al ratio in atmospheric particulates divided by the metal/Al ratio in soils. For many of the trace metals, enrichment factors are of the same order of magnitude at high latitudes in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and are larger at high latitude than at mid latitude.A simple mathematical model is used to calculate present-day enrichment factors in both hemispheres based on natural and anthropogenic influxes, effluxes, and transfer between hemispheres. The calculated enrichment factors are in good agreement with the observed enrichment factors for lithophile metals at both mid and high latitude, and for atmophile metals at mid latitude. However, calculated enrichment factors for atmophile metals are lower than observed enrichment factors at high latitude. To explain these results, we propose that for Hg, As and Se, and perhaps for other atmophile metals, there are significant fluxes from the sea surface to the atmosphere. If the estimated low-temperature fluxes of As, Se and Hg from the land and sea surfaces are included in the interference factor calculations for these metals, the factors are reduced to less than 100%. 相似文献
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Xiaoyan Wang Yu-Feng Li Bai LiZeqin Dong Liya QuYuxi Gao Zhifang ChaiChunying Chen 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(2):182-187
Potentially harmful element contamination from mining and smelting raises concerns due to possible health risks. For most people, diet is the main route of exposure to potentially harmful elements, so determination of the concentrations of these elements in foodstuffs and assessment of their possible risk for humans via dietary intake is very important. This study was designed to investigate the concentrations of different elements, including Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn and Se in foodstuffs and to estimate the potential health risk of these elements via consumption of polluted foodstuffs in the Wanshan Hg mine area, Guizhou province, SW China. The multielemental concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate the potential health risk from individual and combined potentially harmful elements due to dietary intake. The average contents of Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn and Se in the most frequently consumed foodstuffs were: 31, 248, 121, 1035 and 32 μg/kg respectively. Among them, Cd and Hg were the most important contributors to potentially harmful elements contamination in Wanshan. Eight of 10 kinds of vegetables were contaminated to various levels by different elements but the samples of rice, pork, radish and potato were below the stipulated limits for toxic elements. In this study, the average dietary intakes of Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn, Se by an adult man of 60 kg living in Wanshan were: 27, 167, 86, 1061, 42 μg/day, respectively. The HIs for multielement dietary intake was 3.11, with the relative contributions of Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn and Se being 22.3%, 24.3%, 45.0%, 3.9% and 4.4%, respectively, which indicated that consumption of food poses a potential health risk. Vegetables were found to be the main source of potentially harmful element dietary intake. 相似文献
20.
广西红水河中下游马山地区地下水重金属含量及分布特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解红水河中下游马山地区地下水重金属含量及分布特征,以西南岩溶地下水污染调查评价中广西红水河中下游马山地区地下水数据为基础,对该地区27件样品的重金属含量特征、重金属间相关关系、重金属与其它化学组分的相关性以及地下水重金属分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:研究区地下水中重金属含量整体偏低,平均质量浓度顺序为Fe＞(Al)＞Zn＞Mn＞Pb＞Se＞As＞Cd,重金属平均质量浓度均小于中国生活饮用水标准值,且绝大部分重金属含量远远低于该标准值。Mn与Fe、As、Al存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,Zn与Pb、Cd存在明显的相关性,Se与其它７种重金属的相关性均不明显,可能是由于Se与其它重金属的来源差异较大所致。地下水的酸碱性对重金属的富集影响较小,但地下水中主化学成分HCO3-和Ca2+对重金属的富集有较大影响,TDS对绝大部分重金属的影响较小,对As和Cd具有一定的影响。地下水中Mn、Zn、As、Pb、Cd、Se、Al、Fe质量浓度在空间上表现出一定的地区分布特点,整体上重金属高浓度点主要集中在马山县城周围以及古寨、乔利街乡镇周围。 相似文献