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1.
对金山金矿田的金山金矿,花桥金矿区露天水源天然铀,氡,居民区和井下作业人员γ外照射有效剂量等进行调查的结果表明,金山,西蒋矿区露天水源天然铀,氡浓度均小于限值０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ和３７．００Ｂｑ／Ｌ空气氡浓度为０．００８～０．０１３Ｂｑ／Ｌ。居民和井下作业人员γ外照射年有效剂量均小于１ｍｓ和５ｍｓ,矿区放射性均在国家规定的环境评价指标限制之内,对矿山的人身和环境无影响。 相似文献
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利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素238U、232Th、40K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区238U、232Th、40K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的238U、232Th、40K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平. 相似文献
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对长约70 km引水工程洞线上进行的地面伽马能谱测量、陆地伽马剂量率测量、土壤氡浓度测量、岩石表面氡析出率测量以及钻孔岩芯样品的放射性元素U、Ra、Th、K含量分析的综合放射性地质调查,并对获得的测量数据进行分析研究。结果表明,测区引水沿线地质体放射性核素当量含量平均值为：U 1.56×10-6,Th 14.12×10-6,K 2.16×10-2;钻孔岩芯放射性元素分析含量平均值为：U 32.34 Bq/kg,Ra 35.68 Bq/kg,Th 35.29 Bq/kg,K 865.65 Bq/kg。陆地伽马剂量率为90.42 nGy/h;土壤氡浓度平均值为4 272.1 Bq/m3;岩石表面析出率平均值为4.01×10-2 Bq/m2·s。根据测量结果,利用内照射和外照射辐射剂量计算了对施工人员造成的辐照剂量为0.759 mSv,低于国家对公众的剂量限值1 mSv/a,表明引水工程输水隧洞的施工在安全辐射范围内。 相似文献
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固体径迹探测技术在环境氡监测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对醋酸纤维素和CR-39探测器进行比较研究,在确定两种探测器的蚀刻条件和改进径迹计数方法的基础上,对CR-39探测器进行刻度,刻度系数为0.035 Tc/cm2/Bq.h/m3。应用固体径迹测氡方法对安阳地区和成都市室内外氡浓度进行测量,结果表明安阳地区室内外氡浓度范围在13.0 Bq/m3~54.2 Bq/m3之间,成都市室内外氡浓度范围14.1 Bq/m3~43.2 Bq/m3之间,低于GB/t16146-1995规定的氡浓度标准。监测过程发现,装饰地板材料是影响室内氡浓度的一个主要因素,水泥厂、钢铁厂等工业污染是影响室外氡浓度水平的重要因素。 相似文献
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利用 PRM-2100氡子体监测仪对重庆市丰都县雪玉洞氡子体平衡当量浓度进行连续12个月的监测。研究表明：（1）雪玉洞洞内氡子体平均平衡当量浓度为2135.7 Bq/m3;取平衡因子为0.5,则其平均氡浓度为4271.4 Bq/m3;（2）氡子体平衡当量浓度总体呈现出夏季高、冬季低及洞层越高,浓度越高的特点,而且氡子体平衡当量浓度变化与洞内温度变化相关性不明显,但与洞外的相关性则较强;（3）雪玉洞游客因吸入氡子体所致的年均有效剂量当量为0.02 mSv/a,只是联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（UNSCEAR）估计的氡子体对公众产生危害的年有效剂量界限值（1.30 mSv/a）的1.54%,因此短时间游览对游客的健康不会产生影响。但是,由于洞穴讲解员、保安、拍照人员在洞内工作时间较长,接受氡子体照射的年均有效剂量当量分别为7.69 mSv/a、11.96 mSv/a、59.48 mSv/a,均高于UNSCEAR 的年有效剂量。因此,需要合理安排洞穴内工作人员工作时间和科学地制订出他们的年工作时间上限;加强氡危害相关知识的普及与洞穴工作人员的个人防护;在高氡浓度析出区域进行屏蔽防护或在适当位置安装空气净化器;与此同时,还要加强氡及其子体浓度的分析和监测等。 相似文献
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对安徽东至县铁炉地区开展了放射性污染调查工作,并提出了防治方案和治理措施。其方法是采用6台FD-3013γ辐射仪、1台FD-3022N道γ谱仪和1台FD-3017氡射气仪对该地区进行大比例尺地面γ辐射剂量率、地面γ能谱、水中氡浓度等测量。获得了该地区γ辐射剂量率为0．11～4.38μGy/h;铀质量活度为123-1 230Bq／kg,钍质量活度为21-411 Bq/kg,钾质量活度为264-528Bq／kg;水中铀活度浓度为4-12 300 Bq／L,水中氡活度浓度为2-155Bq／L;剥露的岩矿、矿渣中铀质量活度为1230-151 290 Bq／kg,钍质量活度为25-411 Bq／kg。该地区地面γ辐射剂量率、地层中铀、钍质量活度均高于安徽省平均值,而剥露的岩矿、矿渣中铀质量活度远大于地层中的铀质量活度,是该地区环境中最大的潜在污染源之一,并为此提出了4项治理措施。 相似文献
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对北京西山某岩溶洞穴1至4层进行了氡浓度测量,研究洞穴中氡浓度的变化特征,从时间和空间两个方面探讨其变化规律及其对人身体的危害。研究结果表明,天然溶洞在不同深度位置,氡浓度存在明显差异,随着深度的增加,氡浓度呈现线性的增长特征;溶洞内氡浓度在7、8、9月相对较高,平均浓度6123Bq/m~3,10、11、12月氡浓度较低,平均浓度2784Bq/m~3,呈现出季节性的变化特征,即夏季高而冬季低;溶洞内由氡及其子体所产生的年平均内照射剂量约为566 m Sv·a~(-1),超出国家规定公众年有效剂量的安全范围。建议对已经对公众开放的天然溶洞,进行氡浓度检测,采取有效的防氡降氡措施,减少氡及其子体的辐射,对人身体所产生的危害。 相似文献
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采用刚性滑块构建两种圆形隧道失稳环向开挖面破坏模式,利用编制的非线性规划程序求解隧道失稳环向开挖面支护力系数σT /c（σT为均布支护荷载,c为有效黏聚力）最优上限解及地层破坏模式,揭示地层参数对隧道稳定性的影响,提出简单实用的极限支护力简化公式。研究结果表明：不排水条件下,当隧道埋深比H/D（H为埋深,D为隧道直径）和重度系数γD/c（γ 为重度）较小时,破坏区域主要集中在隧道中上部,随着H/D和γD/c增大,滑移线起始位置沿着隧道轮廓逐渐向隧道底部扩展,破坏区域向水平方向扩展。排水条件下,地层破坏模式主要有3种。当内摩擦角ϕ 和γD/c较大时,随着剪胀系数的减小,极限支护力和地层破坏范围变化较大,甚至可能引起破坏模式的改变。针对不同深度提出的极限支护力简化公式可快速获得隧道环向开挖面极限支护力。 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal variation in radon concentration in groundwater with respect to rock types: A case study from Chitradurga district,Karnataka 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. Ravikumar Deljo Davis Sharika Mathew R. K. Somashekar K. L. Prakash 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,83(2):156-164
An attempt was made in the present study to delineate how the radon concentrations vary with respect to different geological formations and to evaluate annual effective dose exposure due to ingestion of radon. A total of 60 groundwater samples were collected from layered sequential aquifers in Chitradurga district having major rock types such as Bababudan Group, Charnockite, Chitradurga Group, Closepet granite, migmatites and granodiorite — tonalitic gneisses and Sargur Schist complex during pre-monsoon and post-season of the year 2011. Radon measurement was made using Durridge RAD-7 radon-in-air monitor, connected to RAD H2O accessory with closed loop aeration concept. In the present study, the radon activity ranged from 0 to 186.6 Bq/L and 0 to 150.6 Bq/L during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of the year 2011, with 56.67 % (17 samples) of samples during both the seasons exceeding the EPA’s MCL value of 11.1 Bq/L. The annual mean radon activity in the groundwater was higher in the area having Chitradurga rock group formations (78.1 Bq/L) followed by Sargur-Satyamangalam schist complex group (56.8 bq/L), migmatites and granodiorite — tonalitic Gneisses group (56.3 Bq/L), Closepet granite (42.7 Bq/L), Charnonkite (29.1 Bq/L) and Bababudan Group (22.2 Bq/L). It is inferred that radon concentration found to depend on the tectonic structure, geology of the area and on the presence of uranium minerals in these rocks. The annual effective dose resulting from radon in groundwater in the Chitradurga district were significantly lower than UNSCEAR and WHO recommended limit of 1 mSv/y. 相似文献
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In radon mineral curative waters, according to Russian mineral water classification, the radon concentration should be greater than 185 Bq/l. There are about 30 mineral waters with high levels of radon in Russia. Radon-rich waters have high therapeutic effects. It is proven that natural background radiation stimulates the human immune system. Radon is a natural radioactive gas that has no taste, smell or color. Radon-222 is one of the heaviest elements in the zero groups of inert gases. It is a gaseous radioactive element. All radon isotopes are -emitters while the transformation of its decay products is accompanied by the emitting of -or -particles. The main products of radon decay are short-lived isotopes Po, Pb, Bi, and TL. Belonging to the uranium and thorium decay chain, radon isotopes form directly during the decay of radium isotopes. Therefore the radon concentration depends upon the concentration of its parent's isotope in water and rocks washed by it as well as upon the amount of radon emanation. Loose rocks or rocks with a great number of cracks are characterized by higher radon concentration (zones of tectonic disturbance, weathering crusts, etc.).Crystalline rocks usually have higher uranium concentrations than the average bedrock. Examples of rock types, which often have enhanced uranium concentration >5% ppm U includes the following: granites, syenites, pegmatite, acid volcanic rocks and acid gneisses. In the earth's crust radon migrates either in a gaseous or dissolved state. It can go to the surface without any chemical reaction. Formation of the radon-rich therapeutics waters of Russia has been analyzed, and most of them are genetically connected to crystalline acid rocks that have exceeded uranium-radium mineralization. The radon content in Russia reaches more than 8,000 Bq/l. Radon-rich waters of this type occur in the Altai, Karelia, St Petersburg and Trans-Baikal regions. Another type is connected to geodynamic activity of regions and secondary radioactivity. A well-known example of radon-rich waters of the second type is Pyatigorsk in the North Caucasus. Mixing confined carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide water and unconfined groundwater forms radon waters. The radon concentration is 1,170–2,430 Bq/l. The occurrence of radon-rich water deposits in other regions of Russia is described. Further investigation of the radon content in other geological environments will contribute to the environmental safety as well as to the solution to many genetic, hydrogeochronological, paleoreconstructive and prediction problems in hydrogeology. 相似文献
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1Introduction Radonisaradioactivegasarisingfromtheurani umdecaychain,andisthelargestsinglesourceofra diationexposuretothepopulation(Fovtetal.,1999).Highradonexposureshavebeenshownto causelungcancer(JonMiles,1998),anditiscom monlybelievedthatthegreatertheexposureofradon radiation,thegreatertheriskofdevelopinglungcanc er(YangWenjieetal.,1999).Theairradoncomes mainlyfromundergroundsoilandconstructionmateri als.Ingeneral,222Rnhasthehighestlevelinthebase mentsandundergroundspacesthatareincontact… 相似文献
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L. M. O. Martins M. E. P. Gomes L. J. P. F. Neves A. J. S. C. Pereira 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(3):733-740
The region of Amarante (Northern Portugal) is composed of Hercynian tardi-tectonics granites and Paleozoic metasediments. Petrographic observations and SEM studies show that uranium is mainly contained within the rock in heavy accessory minerals such as apatite, zircon, monazite, uraninite, thorite and thorianite. The geological, geochemical and radiological data obtained suggest that the radon concentrations in dwellings of the studied area are mainly related with the uranium content of the rocks. Indeed, the highest contents were observed in granite AT2 of Padronelo (18.2 ppm) and the granite AT1 of Telões (10.3 ppm), with metasediments showing much lower uranium contents of 1.6 ppm; radon concentrations were evaluated in dwellings, using CR-39 passive detectors, and the results obtained in winter conditions suggest that the most productive geological units are the granites AT2 and AT1, with geometric means of 430 and 220 Bq/m3, respectively, while the metasediments show the lowest value of 85 Bq/m3. Some moderate radiometric anomalies, where uranium contents can double typical background values, were found in relation with specific fault systems of the region affecting granitic rocks, thus increasing radon risk; this is an indication of uranium mobility, likely resulting from the leaching of primary mineral supports as uraninite. Groundwater radionuclide contents show a wide range of results, with the highest activities related with granitic lithologies: 2,295 Bq/l for radon, 0.83 Bq/l for gross α and 0.71 Bq/l for gross β, presenting metasediments much lower values, in good agreement with other results obtained. Absorbed dose measured with gamma spectrometers in direct contact with the rocks is directly related with the uranium contents of the rocks, and thus works as a fast proxy for radon risk. It is concluded that radon risk is moderate to high in the granitic areas of the Amarante region and low in the metasediments of the same region. 相似文献
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江西金山韧性剪切带型金矿田为特大型金矿床。矿床物质组成简单,属低硫化物型,黄铁矿是最主要的金属矿物和载金矿物,自然金是唯一的金矿物和有用组份。砷以毒砂形式存在,是最主要有害元素。 相似文献
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Radon in Himalayan springs: a geohydrological control 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper presents the results of radon measurements in springs of the Himalayan region by using radon emanometry technique.
The radon was measured in different springs, draining from different geohydrological setups, and from stream water in order
to find the geohydrological control over radon concentration in groundwater emanating in the form of spring. The radon values
were found to vary from 0.4 Bq/l to 887 Bq/l, being observed lowest for a turbulent stream and highest for the spring. The
radon values were recorded highest in the springs draining through gneiss, granite, mylonite, etc. Radon concentrations have
been related with four spring types viz. fracture-joint related spring, fault-lineament related spring, fluvial related spring
and colluvial related spring, showing geohydrological characteristics of the rocks through which they are emanating. The high
radon concentration in fracture-joint and fault-lineament spring is related to increased ratio of rock surface area to water
volume and uranium mineralisation in the shear zones present in the close vicinity of fault and thrust. The low concentration
of radon in fluvial and colluvial springs is possibly because of high transmissivity and turbulent flow within such deposits
leading to natural de-emanation of gases.
Received: 6 January 1998 · Accepted 11 May 1999 相似文献