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1.
燕山板内造山带中段近东西向中生代右行走滑构造系统   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
阐述了分布燕山板内造山带中段的近东西向中生代右行走滑构造系统的几何学与运动学特征,指出该右行走滑断裂系统由古北口-平泉断裂和密云-喜峰口-锦西断裂两条主干断裂,以及夹于其间的北西向张性断层和张裂脉,北东向压性断层和褶皱等共同组成,近东西向主干断裂具有右行右列“P破裂”结构形式,北西向的张性断层和张裂脉则具有“T破裂”性质,主干断裂与北东向压性断裂和褶皱构成了一幅右行走滑双重构造(strike-slip duplexs)格局,而不是不同期次变形的产物。该走滑断裂系统形成于侏罗纪末一早白垩世初(147-132Ma),由于它恰好构成了位于辽西的走向北东,向南东逆冲的逆冲推覆构造系统与冀北,冀西北地区北东走向,上盘向北西逆冲的推覆构造的转换和调节部位,所以本文提出了一个右行走滑构造系统的统一构造模式,在该模式中,辽西和冀北,冀西北同时代而运动方向相反的逆冲构造系统分别构成了近东西向右行走滑系统的断盘前缘挤压逆冲构造区,认为惦记山板内造山带总体构造格局的区域构造作用方式是:在总体北西一南东向挤压的一级构造应力场作用下,造山带北部的块体相对于中生代华北地台为主体的块体做向东的右景下,燕山板内造山带可能构成了亚洲东部另一个重要的“挤出构造带”或“逃逸构造域”,这种推测需要得到北部东西向断裂系具有同期左行走滑运动的支持。  相似文献   

2.
辽西地区构造系统的形成与东北亚区域构造演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨庚  郭华 《铀矿地质》2002,18(4):193-201
燕山造山带东部辽西地区的构造填图,地质研究,以及中生代火山-沉积岩系的同位素资料 ,提供了东北亚和燕山板内造山带的演化历史。华北板块北部燕山-辽西地区自中元古宙至中生代,与整个华北克拉通一起,接受相同的地台盖层沉积,其沉积历史完全相同。在中晚三叠世之后,该区沉积了中生代火山碎屑岩和陆相沉积岩,并发生强烈的构造变形,这才有别于华北克拉通的其它稳定区。同位素资料表明,兴隆沟期火山岩,蓝旗期火山岩和义县期火山岩形成时间分别为200-170Ma,170-155Ma,140-100Ma。按构造成因和系统的指导思想,将该区构造构造归并成3种构造系统,即逆冲推覆构造系,正滑断裂系和走滑断裂系。这3种断裂系统的发育顺序是:逆冲推覆构造形成于早白垩世中期(相当于义县组,九佛堂组之间的界面);正滑断裂构造系是九佛堂组和阜新组的同沉积构造;走滑断裂构造系形成最晚,为晚白垩世形成的构造。其中早期逆冲推覆构造起了主导作用,奠定了本区构造格局的基本格架,晚期构造的叠加并未从根本上改变已有的构造格局。三叠纪到早白垩世期间,在欧亚板块向南挤压和古太平洋板块向北向西方向的挤压作用下,于早白垩世中期形成本区的逆冲推覆构造;早白垩世晚期受古来洲大陆区域扩张的影响,形成了辽西地区的正滑断裂系,晚白垩世北北东向的走滑断裂系形成则与郯庐断裂活动有关。  相似文献   

3.
在南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区进行1∶50 000地质填图基础上,通过对地质构造现象野外的详细观测,运用持平投影的构造几何学和运动学等方法对主要断层面擦痕和断层两侧不对称褶皱枢纽以及褶皱两翼产状进行统计分析和构造解析,结合区域沉积资料和地质年代学资料,对该区构造进行构造序列分析,并探讨南大巴山构造带的变形时限、动力学机制及其演化。研究表明:南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区断裂构造特征表现为高角度逆冲推覆兼有右行走滑性质的叠瓦式逆冲推覆构造;与逆冲推覆构造相关褶皱多为轴面东倾西倒的同斜褶皱和斜歪褶皱,而且由东向西褶皱紧闭程度逐渐减弱,表明逆冲推覆方向由东向西,扩展方式为前展式。该区是在印支期扬子地块与秦岭造山带全面碰撞造山作用基础上,在燕山期中—晚期整个大巴山构造系由北东向南西方向大规模的陆内造山,形成了现今的构造几何形态,其中右行走滑构造是燕山期中—晚期(J3-K2)逆冲推覆构造持续向西南推移过程中形成的。  相似文献   

4.
燕山板内造山带逆冲推覆构造格局   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
燕山地区自晚三叠世以来进入了板内造山带的形成演化阶段 ,基本构造格局为一由大型逆冲推覆系统组成的构造楔形体 ,尖端指向北 ,形成于早侏罗世—早白垩世 (J1—K1)。兴隆、承德、大庙、隆化和围场等 5条主干逆掩断层及其上驮的推覆体 ,在同一底界滑动拆离面上由南向北呈前展式扩展 ,造成的地壳缩短量达 4 4 1%。从造山带后端至前缘 ,褶皱形态由以箱状褶皱为主转变成以斜歪褶皱为主 ;断裂构造性质也从脆性断层转变为韧性断层 ,在造山带后缘还形成了三角带构造和突起构造。造山期后的构造变形对已形成的构造格局进行了改造和破坏 ,但未能从根本上改变这种逆冲推覆的构造格局。  相似文献   

5.
青海南部存在着巨大的成矿潜力,研究该区的构造变形与成矿作用的关系,对于认识区内众多矿床(化)的构造背景和控矿要素具有重要意义.新生代的走滑断裂和逆冲推覆构造是大陆碰撞造山带成矿理论中晚碰撞阶段在青藏高原东、北缘的重要构造形式.走滑断裂呈北西向,控制着藏东一系列走滑拉分盆地和斑岩的产出;逆冲推覆构造走向北西,整体自南向北呈现很好的分带特征,可分为根带、中带和前锋带.研究区存在两种类型矿床,分别为走滑断裂控制的斑岩型矿床和逆冲推覆构造控制的热液型矿床.其中,切过地壳尺度的走滑断裂因减压作用导致含水地幔的部分熔融,进而导致富含挥发分的含矿斑岩上涌、侵位,形成纳日贡玛斑岩型钼(铜)矿;逆冲推覆作用是流体长距离迁移的动力来源,逆冲推覆构造前锋带的逆冲断层上(下)盘破碎带或次级断层附近是成矿流体迁移的疏导系统和金属汇聚、淀积的重要场所.  相似文献   

6.
造山带弧形构造——西昆仑—帕米尔弧及其预测   总被引:22,自引:6,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
曲国胜 Caner.  J 《地质科学》1996,31(4):313-326
对比利牛斯等造山带典型弧形构造的分析表明,弧形构造是造山带尤其是板内碰撞造山带的普遍特征,可分为挤压逆冲-推覆主动型构造和推覆-滑覆被动型弧形构造。西昆仑—帕米尔是与比利牛斯Basque弧在空间形态、运动学及动力学特征等方面一致的挤压逆冲-推覆主动型弧形构造,推测该弧中部存在一巨大的底部低角度逆掩断层并由根部带向北延伸达100多公里,康西瓦断裂(基底缝合带)可能是主根部逆冲断层带。  相似文献   

7.
准噶尔盆地东北缘乌伦古坳陷中生代逆冲推覆构造   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
乌伦古坳陷位于准噶尔盆地的东北缘,中生代以来逆冲断裂特别发育。本文通过对典型二维地震剖面进行构造解释,结合平衡剖面的正演方法,对乌伦古坳陷内逆冲推覆构造的分带性、分期性和拓展方式及动力过程进行研究。研究认为乌伦古坳陷内部逆冲推覆构造从北向南分为根部带的红岩断阶带、中部带的索索泉凹陷、前锋带的喀拉萨依断裂。剖面平衡结果显示,从晚三叠世到白垩纪,准噶尔盆地东北缘受到自北向南的挤压作用,逆冲断裂整体表现出基底卷入的前展式叠瓦逆冲的特点,具有从北向南拓展规律,即北部断裂活动较早,而南部断裂活动较晚。对比平衡剖面不同时代地层的收缩率变化可知,逆冲断裂活动总体可以划分为4个演化阶段:印支末期、燕山早期、燕山中期和燕山晚期。其中印支期是逆冲体系的启动期;燕山早期为主活动期,逆冲活动波及全区;燕山中期逆冲活动表现为震荡特征;燕山晚期逆冲活动微弱。中生代前期,乌伦古坳陷地区的逆冲体系形成的动力主要来自南阿尔泰造山带持续挤压,中生代后期叠加了北天山造山带自南向北的推覆挤压,使坳陷南部喀拉萨依断裂具有了走滑性质,该走滑活动与准噶尔内部微块体之间发生挤出-逃逸的调节过程有关。  相似文献   

8.
贵州中生代变形主要发生在燕山期,发育三幕褶皱变形、两幕逆冲和三幕走滑。根据区域对比、卷入褶皱的地层和褶皱间的叠加关系,判断三期褶皱的形成顺序依次为近东西向、北东向和南北向,时限在J3—K2之间。逆冲推覆构造主要由向北西或西逆冲的近南北向逆冲断层组成,大体与南北向褶皱同时形成; 自雪峰构造带西缘向西,依次划分出根部带、中部带和前锋带。但是,在根部带识别出两幕逆冲推覆,其它两带各识别出一幕。走滑断层也有3个方向:东西向、北东向和近南北向。东西向走滑断层呈现出右行压扭的运动学特征,而大多数北东向走滑断层是左行张扭性质的。依据各个方向断层间的切割和限制关系,推测东西向走滑断层最早形成,其次是南北向逆冲断层,北东向走滑断层最晚活动。这些断裂和褶皱特征,总体表现出贵州多重多种复合联合的构造特征,最后,探讨了本区的构造成因模式。  相似文献   

9.
上地壳多层次自北而南逆冲-拆离是本区构造格局的基本特征。区内柳林、洪清、大洪山三条逆掩断层与深部拆离面一起构成了一尖端指向南的楔形薄皮构造。逆掩断层最大位移量可达107km,逆冲系统以背驮式扩展演化。多层次推覆构造格局因后期高角度断裂的切割破坏而复杂化。构造格局的定型时代为燕山期。  相似文献   

10.
秦岭略阳—白水江地区双向推覆构造及形成机制   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
秦岭勉县—略阳板块缝合带在略阳地区构造样式总体表现为以一系列韧性逆冲断层为骨架,不同岩片(块)由北向南逆冲叠置的叠瓦状构造系,并在北部以状元碑走滑剪切转换带为界与白水江—光头山自南向北的逆冲推覆构造系构成不对称双向推覆构造。两大推覆构造系结构构造分别具有明显的分带性。略阳逆冲构造系包括:前缘褶皱—逆冲带、中部逆冲叠瓦带和后缘逆冲带;白水江—光头山逆冲推覆构造系由前锋推覆带、中部褶皱—逆冲带和根带组成,并显示前展式扩展方式。双向推覆构造形成于印支晚期—燕山早期,是扬子板块北缘碧口地块与南秦岭地块强烈碰撞造山的产物,反映了板块边界对造山带构造变形样式的控制作用以及造山带结构构造的复杂性。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

14.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

15.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

16.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

17.
18.
海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.  相似文献   

19.
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明:玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。  相似文献   

20.
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.  相似文献   

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