共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
采用新型分析技术三维荧光谱图方法对深圳东江水源工程水体中藻类进行了荧光分析。实验结果表明,水体中有较丰富的藻类,其中蓝藻、绿藻呈优势藻种,实验期间沿程水体叶绿素a浓度在1.71~16.43μg/L之间,藻密度在72.92万~1 375万个/L之间。三维荧光方法能较好表征水体中生长藻类种类和数量,三维荧光强度F(A.U)与叶绿素a浓度Chla(μg/L)、藻密度N(104个/L)呈较好的线性关系。三维荧光方法能较好的鉴别水体中可溶性有机物腐殖酸和蛋白质,并表征其含量多少。 相似文献
2.
主要通过黄河口悬浮物中有机碳和无机碳的含量,表征黄河调水调沙入海的泥沙在黄河口外近海的扩散范围。结果表明:黄河口入海前泥沙中的颗粒无机碳(PIC),颗粒有机碳(POC)具有稳定性,分别为(1.75×0.28)%和(0.51×0.08)%;在悬浮物含量约为30 mg/L时,黄河口临近海区悬浮物中的PIC、POC含量分别出现突跃性降低和升高趋势,叶绿素分析表明,POC含量的升高是由于浮游植物对颗粒有机碳贡献的结果,同时正构烷烃轻重比值ΣC20-/ΣC20+和碳优势指数(CPI)值也分别增加和降低;X衍射发现悬浮物浓度低于30 mg/L时,黄河泥沙在悬浮物中所占比例迅速下降,从而造成悬浮物中PIC突跃性下降;因此,黄河口近海悬浮物含量30 mg/L可以被认为是陆源和海源颗粒物对黄河口近海区悬浮物贡献的有效分界线。调水调沙入海的泥沙在黄河口外近海表层主要扩散到河口以南海域,而底层扩散范围主要集中在河口以北和河口以南海域,这些泥沙最终可能停留在莱州湾中部。 相似文献
3.
通过2011-2013年对衡水湖浮游藻类进行逐月采样调查、分析其群落结构特征,共鉴定浮游藻类51属,主要由绿藻（占49%）、硅藻（20%）和蓝藻（16%）等组成。分析衡水湖浮游藻类的群落和演替规律,讨论影响其生物量的原因。结果表明：绿藻从春末开始出现,夏季大量繁殖;蓝藻从8月开始优势明显,一直延续到冬初。这可能受汛期降水产流造成衡水湖周边营养盐的注入和捕鱼期过量捕捞的影响。 相似文献
4.
淡水中丝状绿藻对重金属Pb2+的吸附 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过淡水中绿藻门的一些丝状种类,如毛枝藻(Stigeoclonium)、刚毛藻(Cladophora)、水绵(Spirogyra)对铅的吸附实验,研究淡水藻类与铅的吸附关系及影响因素。结果表明,淡水中丝状绿藻对铅有较强的吸附能力, 当pH值和温度以及包埋藻类的量控制在一定条件下,即pH值约为4,温度为28℃左右,按照2 g藻类处理20 mL 质量浓度为100 mg/L Pb2+溶液原则包埋藻类,就可以使单位藻类吸附效率达到40％。 相似文献
5.
铝类絮凝剂对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降有重要作用,常应用于浑水澄清、农业污水处理等研究中。在AlCl3浓度为0～1.7mmol/L,泥沙浓度为10g/L时,用吸管法研究了AlCl3对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响,结果表明:在液面下同一深度,泥沙浓度随时间呈指数衰减;悬液经多次搅拌后再沉降,其沉速减缓;当AlCl3浓度为0.9～1.7mmol/L时,出现明显的清浑水交界面,交界面随时间等速下降,平均沉速为4.756cm/min,对应的絮团平均粒径为0.0315mm;土娄土絮凝临界粒径为0.027mm。 相似文献
6.
本文研究了1985～1986年四季次珠江口外及其邻近海域1000个以上的海水悬浮物样品。采用了“微孔滤膜法”取得数据,其平均含量秋冬两季高(25～26mg/l),春夏两季低(13～18mg/l)。向外海明显降低,但在100～200m水深处存在高含量小区。垂直变化都是由表层向底层增加。悬浮物质优势成分是矿物,次为无定形生物与生物源颗粒。矿物成分以粘土为主。生物源颗粒以硅藻为主。同时,讨论悬浮物质时空分布的控制因素。 相似文献
7.
2004年7月20日在五里湖南岸生态示范工程区共布设9个采样点进行水下光场的测定,并采集水样分析悬浮物、叶绿素a、DOC浓度和各组分吸收系数。结果表明,3类主要光衰减物质总悬浮物、叶绿素a和DOC的浓度分别为5.1~38.7 mg/L、25.5~86.4μg/L和7.43~8.74 mg/L;生态示范工程能明显降低水体悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度,Ⅱ类区总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度相对Ⅰ类区分别降低了53.4%、33.0%,而Ⅲ类区总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度相对Ⅰ类区分别降低了77.4%、65.0%。光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减系数在1.81~4.93 m-1间变化,对应的真光层深度为0.93~2.54 m,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类区相对Ⅰ类区PAR衰减系数分别降低了42.2%、52.8%,对应的真光层深度则分别增加了73%、112%。ag(440)、ad(440)、aph(440)的变化范围分别为0.79~1.31 m-1、0.41~2.22 m-1、0.73~2.12 m-1。纯水对总吸收的贡献均在15%以下,有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收对总吸收的贡献率在18.16%~40.28%间变化,非藻类颗粒物对总吸收的贡献率在14.40%~37.88%间变化,浮游藻类对总吸收系数的贡献率基本上是各组分贡献率中最高的,在31.05%~45.28%间变化。对PAR衰减系数、真光层深度、透明度等表观光学参数与主要水色因子进行相关分析发现,水体中浮游藻类和有机颗粒物对生态示范区内的水体光学性质影响最大,而围隔外围浮游藻类、非藻类颗粒物对光的衰减相当。 相似文献
8.
南海东北部的17940站(水深1728m)是西太平洋海区地层分辨率最高的深海剖面之一。用抱粉学方法从92个样品中分析鉴定出的有机壁浮游藻类包括海相沟鞭藻的囊孢和陆相淡水绿藻。前者属旋沟类(GOnyaulacoids)和多甲类(Peridihioids)沟鞭藻,后者为盘星藻(Pediastrum)和双星藻(Zygnema)。就含量而言,沟鞭藻囊抱占浮游藻类的绝大部分,淡水绿藻虽存在于大多数样品中,却含量甚微。采取外加标志法获得浮游藻类浓度后,以下列公式求出两种浮游藻类成分的输人通量浮游藻类输人通量(粒／Cm2·a)=粒／g×g/cm3×cm/a式中．粒／。为g。沉积物(干重)含浮游藻类个体数;g 相似文献
9.
为了对南海近岸海域海水悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a进行浓度估算,基于Landsat-8数据确定悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a的敏感波段并构建估算模型。结果表明,Landsat-8数据第一、二、四波段对悬浮泥沙浓度较为敏感,第一、二、三波段对叶绿素a浓度较为敏感,而以上单波段仍不能单独用于准确提取该区悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a,故建立多种形式的统计模型。由第一、二、四波段线性组合形成的悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型的相关系数达到0.904,平均相对误差为10.24%,反演精度为89.76%。由第一、二、三波段线性组合形成的叶绿素a浓度反演模型的相关系数达到0.886,平均相对误差为11.27%,反演精度为88.73%。 相似文献
10.
鄱阳湖是我国重要的湿地生态系统,对调节流域的水沙变化有着重要作用。由于鄱阳湖湖区面积广,内部差异大,单一的悬浮泥沙反演模型不足以准确反演出湖区的悬浮泥沙浓度。以实测的反射光谱数据、泥沙浓度数据为基础,提出一种基于分类后的反演模型,即根据实测数据的光谱形态特征分类出5种典型的水体类型。在此基础上,将分类后的各类水体分别建立各自合适的反演模型进行反演。结果表明基于水体分类的经验模型反演达到满意效果,平均绝对误差为0.00217g/L,平均相对误差为3.022%。基于分类后的经验反演模型适用于鄱阳湖悬沙浓度分布的监测研究,有助于更加宏观、准确的掌握鄱阳湖泥沙浓度的空间分布和变化,为保持鄱阳湖资源的可持续开发与利用提供决策依据。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
依据三峡水库修建以前的资料,运用数理统计方法对含沙量和悬沙粒径变化对长江宜昌-汉口河段年冲淤量的影响进行研究,以期为三峡水库修建以后库下游河道冲淤特性的预测提供参考。建立了1980-1997年间宜昌-汉口#河段年冲淤量与宜昌站年均含沙量C宜昌之间的回归方程,据此估算出使宜昌-汉口#河段处于不冲不淤状态的宜昌站临界年均含沙量为0.734 kg/m3。以宜昌-汉口冲淤量作为因变量,以宜昌站的含沙量、悬沙中径D50、最大流量和三口分流比作为影响变量,建立了多元回归方程。基于1980-1997年资料的方程表明,宜昌站含沙量越高,悬沙中径越粗,宜昌站洪水流量越大,宜昌-汉口河段年淤积量越大;三口分流比越小,宜昌-汉口河段年淤积量越大。 相似文献
14.
Jerry C. Ritchie Charles M. Cooper J. Roger McHenry Frank R. Schiebe 《Environmental Geology》1983,5(2):79-82
Lake Chicot is an oxbow lake located along the western side of the Mississippi River in southeastern Arkansas. A major flood
in 1927, levee construction, land use changes from bottomland hardwood to agriculture, a large increase in drainage area,
and stream channelization have altered the appearance of contributing watersheds and the lake. The lake often has high suspended
sediment concentrations making it undesirable for recreation and aquatic production. As part of a coordinated study to determine
changes in the lake, sediment accumulation patterns and rates were determined in Lake Chicot using the137Cs technique. Major sediment accumulation is occurring near the major inlet and along the thalweg of the oxbow. Average sediment
accumulation of 1.8 cm/yr since 1963 was measured for twelve samples. Calculations show sediment accumulation is decreasing.
This study has shown that the137Cs technique can provide useful planning information for the environmental geologist or reservoir manager. Results of the
current study will be used to develop better sediment and water management strategies for Lake Chicot.
Contribution of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, in cooperation with the Vicksburg District
of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 相似文献
15.
在一次风速12m/s的强风浪过程中及在连续多天弱风浪之后,对太湖梅梁湾一浅水区营养盐、悬浮物等的垂向分布进行了观测和分析。结果表明,在水底沉积物约20cm的情况下,强风浪期间与弱风浪期间相比,湖水中悬浮物浓度提高了10倍,总磷浓度提高了3 6倍。而强风浪期间与弱风浪期间的水体溶解性总磷(DTP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)的浓度无显著差异。说明尽管强风浪过程引起沉积物大量悬浮,水体悬浮颗粒态营养盐显著增高,但是由于悬浮过程营养盐释放与沉降机制作用十分复杂,活性营养盐的浓度未必能提高。无论强风浪还是弱风浪期间,水体的表层至水土界面上50cm层的悬浮物浓度、营养盐浓度没有明显的分层现象,但明显低于水土界面上50cm内的悬浮物浓度和总磷浓度。无论是强风浪期间还是弱风浪期间,表层到底层水体SRP浓度无显著差异。 相似文献
16.
三峡库区絮凝现象是细颗粒泥沙淤积的重要原因,泥沙絮凝临界条件对三峡库区泥沙淤积规律和模拟具有重要意义。在三峡库区忠县和奉节河段开展泥沙絮凝的现场测量,基于声学多普勒流速仪（Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter,ADV）和泥沙采样测得同步的瞬时流速和含沙量,通过泥沙扩散理论反算现场泥沙沉速及絮团粒径,得到了三峡库区泥沙絮凝度及其与粒径、流速和含沙量的关系。结果表明:库区细颗粒泥沙发生絮凝,且多为中轻度絮凝,重度絮凝较少;库区泥沙絮凝的临界粒径约为0.018 mm,临界流速约为0.7 m/s,临界含沙量约为0.8 kg/m3。研究结果可为三峡库区泥沙的运动规律以及泥沙淤积模拟等提供一定的理论支撑。 相似文献
17.
Lake Houston is a man-made reservoir located northeast of Houston, Texas. The purpose of this investigation was to document
suspended sediment transport, sedimentation, and resuspension in the lake with a view towards estimating the influence of
sedimentation on water quality. Sediment traps were placed in strategic locations in the lake to collect suspended sediments.
Samples were analyzed for bulk density, grain size, organic carbon, and a number of trace elements. These data were analyzed
along with meteorological data to examine those factors which regulate suspended sediment input and dispersal, and the role
of suspended sediments in controlling water quality within the lake.
Sediment input to the lake depends primarily on the intensity of rainfall in the watershed. Sediment movement within the lake
is strongly influenced by wave activity, which resuspends sediments from shallow areas, and by wind-driven circulation. The
increased residence time of suspended sediments due to resuspension allows greater decomposition of organic matter and the
release of several trace elements from sediments to the water column.
Virtually all samples from sediment traps suspended between 1 and 5 m above the lake bottom contain medium to coarse silt,
and even some very fine sand-sized material. This implies that circulation in Lake Houston is periodically intense enough
to transport this size material in suspension. During winter, northerly winds with sustained velocities of greater than 5
m/sec provide the most suitable condition for rapid (<1 d) transport of suspended sediment down the length of the lake.
Fluctuations in current velocities and the subsequent suspension/deposition of particles may explain variations in the abundance
of coliform bacteria in Lake Houston. 相似文献
18.
以层序地层学、坡折带分析理论为指导,通过对岩心、测井、录井、地震以及分析化验等资料的综合研究,建立了海拉尔盆地乌南次凹南屯组层序地层格架。将南屯组划分为 2 个三级层序和 8 个四级层序,并在层序格架内进行沉积体系和沉积相划分研究,确定该区主要发育近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、湖底扇和湖泊沉积等 4 种沉积体系。近岸水下扇主要分布在乌南次凹西部陡坡带,扇三角洲分布在东部缓坡带,湖底扇主要分布在中心的深湖相中,而湖泊沉积主要分布在凹陷的中心及近岸水下扇、扇三角洲的侧翼。从乌南次凹西部断阶带到凹陷中心,沉积相由近岸水下扇逐渐变为深湖--半深湖沉积,乌南次凹东部缓坡带到中心,沉积相由扇三角洲沉积逐渐变为滨浅湖、深湖--半深湖沉积,整体呈南北分异、东西成带的格局。不同时期的沉积特征、沉积相展布表现各异,总体表现出水体由浅变深,再变浅,沉积范围逐渐扩大的特点。 相似文献
19.
Supply limited sediment transport in a high-discharge event of the tropical Burdekin River, North Queensland, Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kathryn J. Amos Jan Alexander Anthony Horn† Geoff D. Pocock‡ Chris R. Fielding§ 《Sedimentology》2004,51(1):145-162
Interactions between catchment variables and sediment transport processes in rivers are complex, and sediment transport behaviour during high‐flow events is not well documented. This paper presents an investigation into sediment transport processes in a short‐duration, high‐discharge event in the Burdekin River, a large sand‐ and gravel‐bed river in the monsoon‐ and cyclone‐influenced, semi‐arid tropics of north Queensland. The Burdekin's discharge is highly variable and strongly seasonal, with a recorded maximum of 40 400 m3 s?1. Sediment was sampled systematically across an 800 m wide, 12 m deep and straight reach using Helley‐Smith bedload and US P‐61 suspended sediment samplers over 16 days of a 29‐day discharge event in February and March 2000 (peak 11 155 m3 s?1). About 3·7 × 106 tonnes of suspended sediment and 3 × 105 tonnes of bedload are estimated to have been transported past the sample site during the flow event. The sediment load was predominantly supply limited. Wash load included clay, silt and very fine sand. The concentration of suspended bed material (including very coarse sand) varied with bedload transport rate, discharge and height above the bed. Bedload transport rate and changes in channel shape were greatest several days after peak discharge. Comparison between these data and sparse published data from other events on this river shows that the control on sediment load varies between supply limited and hydraulically limited transport, and that antecedent weather is an important control on suspended sediment concentration. Neither the empirical relationships widely used to estimate suspended sediment concentrations and bedload (e.g. Ackers & White, 1973) nor observations of sediment transport characteristics in ephemeral streams (e.g. Reid & Frostick, 1987) are directly applicable to this river. 相似文献