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1.
本文针对深水储层预测中的两个隐蔽而且关键的问题,即电测曲线无法识别深海-半深海泥与深水重力流沉积泥岩,以及深水重力流沉积体内部砂岩和泥岩地球物理响应特征非常接近,常规测井与地震联合预测方法无法描述深水重力流沉积体内部砂岩特征,作者提出了新的深水储层预测方法。该方法利用常规地震属性能够清楚识别和刻画深水重力流沉积体的优点,首先提出深水沉积研究面-线-点的新思路。第一步从地震资料入手,自下而上提取一系列地震属性,确定不同时期深水重力流沉积体的平面分布,建立深水沉积模式;第二步创新多元井震精确时深标定法解决了深海泥和深水重力流沉积泥无法进行电性区分的问题,即将地震剖面上深水重力流沉积体的顶底时间界面通过合成记录标到测井曲线上,进行单井相研究、沉积单元划分和不同沉积微相单元钻井砂地比的精确计算等基础工作;最后优选地震属性,拟合出不同沉积微相单元地震属性和砂地比的最佳关系公式。进而将深水重力流沉积体地震属性平面图按不同的沉积微相单元转化成该沉积体的砂地比平面图,实现对整个深水沉积体系砂体的精确预测。 相似文献
2.
《地质科技情报》2017,(5)
在前人研究基础上,结合最新研究成果,以深水砂岩形成为线索,讨论重力流沉积砂岩成因机制以及后期底流改造作用,分析争议问题,探讨解决方法,并揭示油气勘探意义。重力流沉积砂岩成因机制复杂,将浊流严格定义为紊流支撑,悬浮沉降的重力流,有利于砂岩成因机制解释及砂体分布预测。具有正粒序构造的砂岩为浊流成因,块状砂岩和逆粒序砂岩为砂质碎屑流成因。浊流砂岩沉积在平面上向四周散开,形成朵叶状砂体,碎屑流砂岩沉积沿流体搬运方向展布,形成舌状砂体。重力流沉积受后期底流改造而形成含牵引流构造的砂岩,但牵引流构造不是底流改造砂体所特有的标志,需结合砂体分布特征及沉积环境加以鉴别。水道内重力流沉积受底流影响,天然堤不对称发育,水道发生单向迁移,砂体平面展布范围变大,但砂体垂向厚度变小。同时,受底流改造的天然堤之间会形成局部负向地形,为后期水道、朵体有利沉积场所,易形成连续垂向叠置砂体。深水砂岩预测需将重力流沉积和底流改造结合起来。 相似文献
3.
《古地理学报》2021,23(5)
陆相深水重力流水道的类型细分及其沉积模式是制约其油气勘探开发的重要因素,但研究程度低。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘瑶曲铁路桥剖面三叠系延长组实测、水道形态参数统计及岩相、粒度等分析,开展了湖相重力流水道的沉积特征、沉积过程及沉积模式研究。结果表明:(1)研究区内可识别出4期复合水道,主要为洪水重力流成因。根据其内部单一水道及单砂体形态特征、岩相组成,将其细分为沉积型和过渡型两类。(2)剖面下部2期复合水道为沉积型,以悬浮载荷成因岩相为主,常见块状净细砂岩、薄层泥岩岩相组合和鲍马序列岩相组合;上部2期复合水道为过渡型,岩相以底床载荷与悬浮载荷共存为特征,自下而上以交错层理细砂岩或叠瓦状泥砾细砂岩与含泥砾/泥岩撕裂屑块状细砂岩、平行层理粗粉砂岩及薄层泥岩的岩相组合为特征。(3)结合单一水道规模及其相互关系,建立了区内过渡、沉积型重力流水道的半定量沉积模式。过渡型水道内部侵蚀与沉积作用共存,单一水道宽度小、宽厚比低,呈透镜状,水道间切割性强,砂体横向稳定性较低,表现出不定向叠加、侧向拼接样式;沉积型水道内部由沉积作用主导,单一水道宽度较大、宽厚比较高,呈似板状—透镜状,砂体横向稳定性较高,表现出稳定的垂向加积样式。 相似文献
4.
陆相深水重力流水道的类型细分及其沉积模式是制约其油气勘探开发的重要因素,但研究程度低。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘瑶曲铁路桥剖面三叠系延长组实测、水道形态参数统计及岩相、粒度等分析,开展了湖相重力流水道的沉积特征、沉积过程及沉积模式研究。结果表明:(1)研究区内可识别出4期复合水道,主要为洪水重力流成因。根据其内部单一水道及单砂体形态特征、岩相组成,将其细分为沉积型和过渡型两类。(2)剖面下部2期复合水道为沉积型,以悬浮载荷成因岩相为主,常见块状净细砂岩、薄层泥岩岩相组合和鲍马序列岩相组合;上部2期复合水道为过渡型,岩相以底床载荷与悬浮载荷共存为特征,自下而上以交错层理细砂岩或叠瓦状泥砾细砂岩与含泥砾/泥岩撕裂屑块状细砂岩、平行层理粗粉砂岩及薄层泥岩的岩相组合为特征。(3)结合单一水道规模及其相互关系,建立了区内过渡、沉积型重力流水道的半定量沉积模式。过渡型水道内部侵蚀与沉积作用共存,单一水道宽度小、宽厚比低,呈透镜状,水道间切割性强,砂体横向稳定性较低,表现出不定向叠加、侧向拼接样式;沉积型水道内部由沉积作用主导,单一水道宽度较大、宽厚比较高,呈似板状—透镜状,砂体横向稳定性较高,表现出稳定的垂向加积样式。 相似文献
5.
应用深水沉积学和地震沉积学的相关理论,通过岩心观察描述、钻测井资料分析及平面沉积相编图,对下刚果盆地A区块白垩系Pointe Indienne组深水重力流的类型、沉积特征、垂向沉积组合及沉积模式进行了探讨分析,指出该地区发育砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流、浊流及与重力流形成过程相关的滑动—滑塌沉积,并总结了该深水重力流的沉积模式。结果表明:砂质碎屑流沉积以块状层理细砂岩为主,含大型漂浮泥砾和泥岩撕裂屑;泥质碎屑流沉积以泥级碎屑为主,含有少量的暗色泥岩碎屑和砂质团块,见“泥包砾”结构;浊流沉积以发育完整或不完整的鲍马序列为特征;滑动—滑塌沉积具有明显的剪切滑移面,可见旋转火焰构造、砂岩扭曲杂乱分布及褶皱变形层;纵向上可识别出4种类型的重力流沉积垂向组合,以多期砂质碎屑流沉积叠置和砂质碎屑流沉积与浊流沉积叠置最为常见;研究区深水重力流沉积可分为上部扇、中部扇和外部扇3部分,上部扇以主水道沉积为主;中部扇以辫状水道和溢岸沉积为主,砂体厚度较大;外部扇以朵叶体沉积和薄层浊积岩为主,砂体厚度相对较薄。 相似文献
6.
结合深水重力流沉积理论、野外剖面、岩心、测井等资料的分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长7油层组重力流沉积相和砂体结构的类型、特征进行了深入分析。研究表明长7沉积期发育大面积的深水砂岩,主要发育砂质碎屑流、浊流等重力流砂体,砂质碎屑流沉积以块状层理为主,单砂体厚度大,浊流沉积以粒序层理为主,砂泥互层频繁;结合重力流沉积背景下各成因砂体测井曲线形态、垂向发育厚度、垂向连续性及组合特征,将砂体垂向叠置结构划分为多期砂叠置厚层型、厚砂-薄泥互层型、厚砂-薄砂-泥互层型及薄砂-厚泥互层型四种类型,并对研究区单井砂体结构进行了聚类。实践表明,砂质碎屑流沉积区虽是油气藏有利聚集分布带,但分布面积较广,结合砂体结构特征,可进一步细化有利区划分,为致密油藏有利区的优选提供了新的研究思路。 相似文献
7.
东非被动大陆边缘盆地近年来发现了一系列大气田,主要分布于鲁武马盆地,其可采储量达3.8×1012 m3。盆地经历了卡鲁裂谷期、马达加斯加裂谷期和马达加斯加漂移期等3期构造演化。其中,马达加斯加裂谷期形成下侏罗统—中侏罗统湖相-滨浅海相烃源岩,于早白垩世进入生油门限,晚白垩世达到生油高峰,渐新世进入生气窗。受马达加斯加漂移期东非陆上断裂系统活动影响,大量富砂沉积物以块体搬运和深海滑塌方式向深水区堆积,形成了盆地内面积广、厚度大、岩性相对均一且物性良好的超大型深水重力流沉积砂体;漂移期海相泥页岩则为良好的区域性盖层。东非陆上早期隆升和三角洲进积作用使鲁武马盆地形成重力滑动和盐底辟构造,渐新统—上新统内形成东非被动陆缘正断层带(EANFZ)和逆冲断层带(EATFZ),下伏中—下侏罗统烃源岩生成油气沿正断层和深水区逆冲断层向上运移,聚集于构造-岩性-地层、构造圈闭中,形成大气田。 相似文献
8.
《现代地质》2020,(4)
埕岛低凸起东斜坡东营组主要油藏的沉积成因为深水沉积。综合岩心、测井、地震资料,从储层发育背景和沉积过程及响应,探讨砂体成因类型、分布规律及连通关系。研究认为:东营组深水储层为砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流、浊流等多种重力流沉积,并受牵引底流改造。层序发育的不同阶段,发育斜坡水下扇和滑塌水下扇。低位体系域时期,洪水携带坡上风化剥蚀及垮塌的陆源碎屑物,以点源供给,因坡度获得加速度,泥石流在下倾、渐宽、底平的水下洼槽内,侧向搬动和长流程迁移,受湖水稀释和砂泥分异作用,析出纯净砂岩,形成砂质碎屑流辫状沟道,此类砂体多层叠置,呈拼合状储层结构。高位体系域时期,沉积坡折处进积型扇三角洲沉积失稳而滑塌,以线源供给,块体流渗入湖水,颠簸滑行、离解、重力分异而密度分层,形成以砂质碎屑流为主的水道、浊流为主的浊积舌和受牵引底流改造过的浊积席状砂,这种砂体孤立于泥岩中呈馅饼状储层结构。斜坡水下扇砂体有序分布,砂体规模大且连片;而滑塌水下扇砂体随机分布,砂体数量多、厚度变化大且不连片。 相似文献
9.
底流在陆缘深水环境下广泛存在,可对深水沉积过程及砂体分布产生重要影响。前人对重力流与底流的交互作用机制及沉积产物开展了大量研究,但目前有关底流改造型的海底扇储层构型模式仍然研究不够深入。东非鲁伍马盆地是当前重力流—底流交互作用研究的热点地区,文中以其代表性的下始新统海底扇水道体系为例,综合岩心、测井及三维地震资料开展储层构型精细表征,建立重力流—底流交互作用下的海底扇水道体系构型模式。研究表明,目标水道体系内部发育水道、溢岸及朵叶3种构型要素,其中水道可分为水道复合体、单一水道及其内部不同级次的构型单元。底流对细粒物质的搬运可形成非对称的溢岸沉积,导致水道复合体之间呈逆底流侧向迁移叠置样式,其间泥岩隔层容易保存; 单一水道之间呈顺水道纵向迁移或逆底流侧向迁移样式,其中纵向迁移部位水道切叠连通,而侧向迁移部位容易保存泥质侧向隔挡体。受重力流沉积演化的影响,单一水道内部充填由砂泥交互型逐渐演化为富砂型,且在水道弯曲段的轴部砂体最为发育。 相似文献
10.
晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆沉积中心厚层砂体特征及形成机制分析 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
晚三叠世延长组长6、长7油层组沉积期鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆中部深水区稳定发育厚层砂岩,局部地区连续厚度可达上百米。在盆地西南沉积体系,巨型砂带北西—南东向平行于相带界线展布,与三角洲前缘砂体呈现出“断根”的现象;在东北沉积体系,砂带围绕三角洲呈群状、带状分布。厚层砂体成因复杂,总体上可称作深水重力流—牵引流沉积复合体,包括滑塌砂体、砂质碎屑流砂体、浊积砂体、三角洲砂体及底流改造砂体5种成因类型,其中以重力流沉积组合为主,但白豹及其北部主要为三角洲沉积夹重力流沉积。不同成因的砂体纵向叠加,横向复合连片形成了稳定分布、规模宏大的砂带。厚层砂体的形成、展布方向、分布范围主要受控于沉积物的供给速率、湖盆底形及构造活动等因素。 相似文献
11.
Textural trends in turbidites and slurry beds from the Oligocene flysch of the East Carpathians, Romania 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Deep‐water sandstone beds of the Oligocene Fusaru Sandstone and Lower Dysodilic Shale, exposed in the Buz?u Valley area of the East Carpathian flysch belt, Romania, can be described in terms of the standard turbidite divisions. In addition, mud‐rich sand layers are common, both as parts of otherwise ‘normal’ sequences of turbidite divisions and as individual event beds. Eleven units, interpreted as the deposits of individual flows, were densely sampled, and 87 thin sections were point counted for grain size and mud content. S3/Ta divisions, which form the bulk of most sedimentation units, have low internal textural variability but show subtle vertical trends in grain size. Most commonly, coarse‐tail normal grading is associated with fine‐tail inverse grading. The mean grain size can show inverse grading, normal grading or a lack of grading, but sorting tends to improve upward in most beds. Fine‐tail inverse grading is interpreted as resulting from a decreasing effectiveness of trapping of fines during rapid deposition from a turbidity current as the initially high suspended‐load fallout rate declines. If this effect is strong enough, the mean grain size can show subtle inverse grading as well. Thus, thick inversely graded intervals in deep‐water sands lacking traction structures do not necessarily imply waxing flow velocities. If the suspended‐load fallout rate drops to zero after the deposition of the coarse grain‐size populations, the remaining finer grained flow bypasses and may rework the top of the S3 division, forming well‐sorted, coarser grained, current‐structured Tt units. Alternatively, the suspended‐load fallout rate may remain high enough to prevent segregation of fines, leading to the deposition of significant amounts of mud along with the sand. Mud content of the sandstones is bimodal: either 3–13% or more than 20%. Two types of mud‐rich sandstones were observed. Coarser grained mud‐rich sandstones occur towards the upper parts of S3/Ta divisions. These units were deposited as a result of enhanced trapping of mud particles in the rapidly deposited sediment. Finer grained mud‐rich units are interbedded with ripple‐laminated very fine‐grained sandy Tc divisions. During deposition of these units, mud floccules were hydraulically equivalent to the very fine sand‐ and silt‐sized sediment. The mud‐rich sandstones were probably deposited by flows that became transitional between turbidity currents and debris flows during their late‐stage evolution. 相似文献
12.
山东灵山岛滑塌体内部沉积及构造特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青岛市灵山岛修船厂剖面下白垩统地层中发育良好的滑塌变形体。野外观察可见滑塌体岩性单元主要由厚层砂岩及砂页岩互层组成,其中厚层砂岩根据其沉积构造及成因机制可分为砂质碎屑流沉积及浊流沉积两类;砂页岩互层段砂岩层可见底模构造及粒序层理,为静水环境下远端浊流沉积。滑塌体内部构造主要可分为软褶皱变形、同生断层、透镜状砂质团块三种类型。其中,软褶皱变形根据岩性可分为砂岩软褶皱、砂页岩互层软褶皱及页岩软褶皱,随着变形强度增加,软褶皱枢纽逐渐平行于滑移方向,形成曲脊软褶皱或软鞘褶皱(soft sheath folds);同生断层出现在砂岩层中,根据力学性质分为正断层及逆断层,正断层为剪切拉伸所致,逆断层为软褶皱逆冲所致;透镜状砂质团块包括同沉积布丁构造和同沉积断块。根据滑塌体内部滑移面识别出三期滑塌,完整的滑塌体由底部拆离滑移面、下部厚层砂体、中部砂页岩互层及上部砂页岩互层未变形体组成,其组成特征及各部分接触关系反映了滑塌体中下部沿底部拆离滑移面发生滑塌变形,且于活动末期在相对静水条件下被上部砂页岩互层覆盖这一形成过程。根据滑塌体内部组成特征的有序性、相似性及滑塌体内部沉积构造特征,推测其触发机制可能为沉积物快速沉积所引发的重力滑塌成因。 相似文献
13.
潮水盆地下白垩统庙沟组铀的预富集及其找矿意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
潮水盆地早白垩世经历了干旱型、相对潮湿型、干湿型古气候的演变过程。庙沟组下段主要由冲积扇 扇前平原辫状河沉积体系构成 ,上段则以曲流河或河湖交替沉积为特征。干湿型气候条件下“相对滞流环境”有利于铀的聚集与浓缩 ,并主要以吸附铀和解吸铀的形式预富集在庙沟组上段厚层红色或红、灰相间的细碎屑岩及其孔隙水中。笔者认为在压实成岩过程中 ,上述预富集的铀逐渐排出并迁移到孔隙度较高、渗透性较好的砂岩中 ,构成砂岩型铀成矿的直接铀源 ,对庙沟组砂岩型铀成矿起着重要的控制作用。因此 ,笔者提出与厚层红色或红、灰相间的细碎屑岩直接接触的砂体是砂岩型铀矿找矿的重要对象 相似文献
14.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):2149-2170
Hyperpycnal currents are river‐derived turbidity currents capable of transporting significant volumes of sediment from the shoreline onto the shelf and potentially further to deep ocean basins. However, their capacity to deposit sand bodies on the continental shelf is poorly understood. Shelf hyperpycnites remain an overlooked depositional element in source to sink systems, primarily due to their limited recognition in the rock record. Recent discoveries of modern shelf hyperpycnites, and previous work describing hyperpycnites deposited in slope or deep‐water settings, provide a valuable framework for understanding and recognizing shelf hyperpycnites in the rock record. This article describes well‐sorted lobate sand bodies on the continental shelf of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, interpreted to have been deposited by hyperpycnal currents. These hyperpycnites of the Jurassic Lajas Formation are characterized by well‐sorted, medium‐grained, parallel‐laminated sandstones with hundreds of metre extensive, decimetre thick beds encased by organic‐rich, thinly laminated sandstone and siltstone. These deposits represent slightly obliquely‐migrating sand lobes fed by small rivers and deposited on the continental shelf. Hyperpycnites of the Lajas Formation highlight several unique characteristics of hyperpycnal deposits, including their distinctively thick horizontal laminae attributed to pulsing of the hyperpycnal currents, the extraction of coarse gravel due to low flow competence, and the extraction of mud due to lofting of light interstitial fluid. Recognition of shelf hyperpycnites in the Lajas Formation of the Neuquén Basin allows for a broader understanding of shelf processes and adds to the developing facies models of hyperpycnites. Recognizing and understanding the geometry and internal architecture of shelf hyperpycnites will improve current understanding of sediment transfer from rivers to deeper water, will improve palaeoenvironmental interpretations of sediment gravity‐flow deposits, and has implications for modelling potentially high‐quality hydrocarbon reservoirs. 相似文献
15.
渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷旅大16油田东营组东三段是目前勘探开发的主力含油层系。综合三维地震资料、录井、测井及岩心资料,在井—震结合、层序地层学研究基础上,利用古地貌研究、岩心相、测井相、地震相和振幅属性切片分析,明确了东营组层序格架内沉积相类型、沉积展布特征及沉积演化规律。应用Vail的经典层序地层学理论,将东三段划分为一个三级层序,其中可识别出低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域。低位体系域沉积期,辽西低凸起大面积暴露遭受剥蚀,为研究区提供碎屑沉积物,发育近源的扇三角洲及重力流沉积体系。扇三角洲砂体以灰色中砂岩和细砂岩为主,河床滞留沉积、波状层理和生物扰动构造十分发育;高位体系域时期,辽西低凸起被淹没,供源能力减弱,研究区发育较远源的辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,且伴生重力流沉积。其中辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体以细—中砂岩为主,见块状构造和楔状交错层理。重力流沉积体系主要为滑塌湖底扇及砂质碎屑流沉积,岩心观察可见细砂岩中发育滑塌变形构造,及漂浮状的砾石和泥岩撕裂屑。研究区沉积演化过程与地貌演化密切相关,且断裂体系对砂体展布具有控制作用,重力流沉积发育于断裂坡折前方。显然,明确沉积相类型、沉积展布特征及沉积演化规律,可为进一步油气勘探开发提供地质依据。 相似文献
16.
鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段致密砂体重力流沉积模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
致密砂岩目前已成为中国油气勘探开发的重点领域。以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段为代表的典型致密砂岩主要发育辫状河三角洲和重力流沉积砂体,其中重力流沉积砂体具有很大的勘探开发潜力。在区域构造、古气候、古地貌和沉积体系等研究基础上,应用沉积模拟技术,再现了研究区长7段重力流沉积砂体形成过程及其主要控制因素,在实验条件下,半深湖深湖区的沉积微相类型主要包括砂质碎屑流、浊积岩、深湖泥等。实验研究表明,影响重力流沉积砂体的形成及其演化的主要控制因素有：(1)泥砂含量决定了重力流的沉积类型;(2)湖盆底形控制重力流的砂体展布;(3)湖水位及流速决定重力流的沉积厚度及规模;(4)多物源交汇决定重力流的横向连通。并通过实验结果对比分析,预测了有利储集层分布区域。综合陇东地区原始地质模型和实验模拟成果,建立了沉积模拟实验条件下陇东地区三叠系长7段沉积模式。 相似文献
17.
Fluvial ribbon sandstone bodies are ubiquitous in the Ebro Basin in North‐eastern Spain; their internal organization and the mechanics of deposition are as yet insufficiently known. A quarrying operation in an Oligocene fluvial ribbon sandstone body in the southern Ebro Basin allowed for a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the sedimentary architecture of the deposit. The sandstone is largely a medium‐grained to coarse‐grained, moderately sorted lithic arenite. In cross‐section, the sandstone body is 7 m thick, occupies a 5 m deep incision and wedges out laterally, forming a ‘wing’ that intercalates with horizontal floodplain deposits in the overbank region. Three architectural units were distinguished. The lowest and highest units (Units A and C) mostly consist of medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sandstone with medium‐scale trough cross‐bedding and large‐scale inclined stratasets. Each of Units A and C comprises a fining‐up stratal sequence reflecting deposition during one flood event. The middle unit (Unit B) consists of thinly bedded, fine‐grained sandstone/mudstone couplets and represents a time period when the channel was occupied by low‐discharge flows. The adjoining ‘wing’ consists of fine‐grained sandstone beds, with mudstone interlayers, correlative to strata in Units A and C in the main body of the ribbon sandstone. In plan view, the ribbon sandstone comprises an upstream bend and a downstream straight reach. In the upstream bend, large‐scale inclined stratasets up to 3 m in thickness represent four bank‐attached lateral channel bars, two in each of Units A and C. The lateral bars migrated downflow and did not develop into point bars. In the straight downstream reach, a tabular cross‐set in Unit A represents a mid‐channel transverse bar. In Unit C, a very coarse‐grained, unstratified interval is interpreted as deposited in a riffle zone, and gives way downstream to a large mid‐channel bar. The relatively simple architecture of these bars suggests that they developed as unit bars. Channel margin‐derived slump blocks cover the upper bar. The youngest deposit is fine‐grained sandstone and mudstone that accumulated immediately before avulsion and channel abandonment. Deposition of the studied sandstone body reflects transport‐limited sediment discharges, possibly attaining transient hyperconcentrated conditions. 相似文献
18.
台湾峡谷HD133和HD77柱状样的沉积构成和发育背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别对南海东北部台湾峡谷内水深3 280 m的HD133和峡谷外水深3 378 m的HD77重力活塞柱状样进行了沉积物粒度、古生物和碳酸钙含量分析,利用AMS14C同位素测年和沉积速率初步认定是属于MIS3a以来的沉积。按沉积物粒度和碳酸钙含量可将两支柱状样划分为3套沉积层段:上部层段1和下部层段3均以粉砂质黏土为主,夹薄层粉砂,深水底栖有孔虫含量高,碳酸钙低于10%,代表受重力流作用较弱的正常深海沉积;中部层段2发育一套以中-细粒为主的厚砂层,含大量浅水底栖有孔虫,碳酸钙含量可高达60%,AMS14C测年出现倒置现象,表明主要为浅水重力流沉积。柱状样的沉积构成响应同期海平面变化,特别表现在深水砂层沉积的两大控制因素:在时间上,低海平面时期大量浅水和陆源碎屑物质直接输送到陆坡之下的深水区,形成富砂的层段2;在空间上,峡谷水道是重力流的物质输送通道,地形优势使得重力流携带物优先在水道中发生沉积,造成HD133柱的含砂量明显高于HD77柱状样。 相似文献
19.
MARTIN KIRK 《Sedimentology》1983,30(5):727-742
The fluvial sandstone beneath the Mill Coal in the Westphalian ‘A’ of Scotland erosively overlies a lake mudstone. Slightly erosive surfaces within the sandstone, traceable for over 200 m, are used to divide it into two types of major sedimentary units termed type A and type B. Type A sand units are approximately 200 m wide, up to 7 m thick, convex upward, and lenticular in all directions. The constituent cosets overlap to the ENE and dip mainly at 1–2° downcurrent (NNW), but locally at 10–15°. Where thickest, type A sand units display a vertical facies sequence commencing with trough cross-bedded and massive sandstone, overlain by a thick zone of ripple cross-lamination, a thin zone of trough cross-beds, and a variably eroded silt drape up to 0.4 m thick. Attenuated lateral margins are dominated by flat bedded sandstone with primary current lineation. Type A sand units are interpreted as deposits which were accreted on to a large fluvial bar during successive flood events. The bar is thought to have had a similar topographic significance to sand waves described from the Brahmaputra and slip face bounded bars observed in the South Saskatchewan river. Palaeocurrents measured from trough cross-bed sets 0.3–1.0 m thick within type B sand units indicate flow to the WSW, perpendicular to the palaeoflow direction measured from type A units. In sections perpendicular to the WSW flow direction type B units are lenticular, and in ENE-WSW trending sections they can be traced for over 80 m at a constant thickness. Type B sand units are interpreted as the product of low stage channels which flowed across bar fronts and tops. The sandstone described herein is interpreted as a braided-type river deposit but is atypical, because it is fine grained and has an internal structure dominated by ripple cross-lamination and upper phase plane beds. The palaeoriver is thought to have been of low sinuosity, 7–10 m deep, with a high suspended load and large rapidly fluctuating discharge. At low stage a braided-type flow pattern developed around submerged bars. The regime of the palaeoriver was probably controlled by the fine sediment grain size and humid tropical climate. 相似文献