共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
火山灰地层学主要依靠火山玻璃的成分进行源区的识别,然而,当火山玻璃成分不均一时就会对源区识别造成影响.四海龙湾玛珥湖位于东北新生代龙岗火山区内,其湖泊沉积物可以记录周边的火山喷发,电子探针等方法得到的火山玻璃成分可以揭示其喷发来源.同时,玛珥湖的纹层年龄可以限定其喷发年龄.在四海龙湾沉积物(钻孔2008) 的78~79 cm岩芯处出现一层火山灰层,其纹层年龄为AD 308 a,电子探针结果显示火山玻璃具有不均一的主量元素组成,为玄武质粗安岩到碱玄质响岩.FeO、TiO2及Al2O3等与MgO协变图解更清楚地显示了此次火山喷发的火山玻璃成分的不均一性.火山玻璃与火山灰全岩对比分析显示,全岩分析在火山灰地层学应用中容易造成对比偏差. 相似文献
2.
3.
四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物中碱流质火山灰的来源及其意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
四海龙湾玛珥湖位于东北新生代龙岗火山区内,在玛珥湖沉积物距湖底69-70cm处分离出新鲜的火山灰。根据火山灰产出的层位、原生沉积特征、形貌和碱流质化学成分特征,属于长白山天池火山公元1199-1200年大喷发的产物。这一结果不仅表明天池火山历史时期大喷发的规模比原来估计的还要大,并且为建立千年以来四海龙湾沉积物及古气候演化的时间标尺提供了依据。 相似文献
4.
中世纪暖期前后我国雷洲半岛地区的古气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对位于雷洲半岛湖光岩玛珥湖湖沉积物进行了年代学(137Cs、AMS 14C)及总碳(TC)、氮(TN)、无机碳(IC)的分析。对于湖光岩玛珥湖这一热带地区封闭湖泊而言,无机碳含量的变化可能受降水量-蒸发量控制。有机碳、氮的变化可能反映了湖泊生产率及营养状况的变化。在热带地区,湖水温度变化不大,温度可能不是藻类生长的主要控制因素,降水量的增加及湖泊营养物质的变化可能是有机碳、氮含量增加的主要原因。碳酸盐含量的高值期对应于有机碳、氮的低值阶段。1400a来碳酸盐含量有两个高值阶段,分别为AD 880~1260和AD 670~760.这两个高值阶段可能也是干旱期。湖光岩玛珥湖地球化学指标所揭示的干旱期与安徽龙感湖硅藻和孢粉的研究结果有较好的对应性,可能表明我国南部地区中世纪暖期可能存在一个干旱期。 相似文献
5.
6.
玛珥湖的形成机制和特点不同于一般的火山口湖,其特有的沉积环境是发育和保存高分辨率气候记录的理想场所。近年来国外的玛珥湖研究在解决一些重要的古气候问题方面显示出巨大潜力。中国玛河湖分布广泛,中国科学院地质研究所最近对湖光岩玛珥湖的研究已经获得了初步成果。加强中国玛珥湖的研究,从不同地区玛珥湖的沉积物中获取高分辨率的气候变化信息,无论是对于研究东亚地区长期气候环境变迁历史,还是短期的人类活动与环境演变的关系,必将会取得非常有意义的成果。 相似文献
7.
通过对湛江湖光岩玛珥湖现代环境介质(水体和表层沉积物)中的长链烷基二醇类化合物的定性和定量分析,检测出了一系列的长链烷基二醇化合物,包括1,13-C28、1,13-C30、1,14-C30、1,15-C30和1,15-C32.表层水体中1,14-C30相对含量最高,中层水体中1,15-C30相对含量最高,而底层水体中1,13-C30相对含量最高.推测1,14-C30主要来源于硅藻,但也不排除异鞭藻来源.1,13-C28可能同时具有黄绿藻和硅藻来源.1,13-C30、1,15-C30和1,15-C32长链化合物主要来源于黄绿藻(Eustigmatophytes),但也存在其他藻类来源.表层沉积物中长链烷基二醇化合物的分布与中层水体颗粒物各二醇类化合物的分布相似,表明湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物中长链烷基二醇类化合物主要来源于浮游藻类.湖泊水体颗粒物中二醇指数(DIX)同实测的湖泊水体温度具有很强的线性相关性,而表层沉积物中DIX一致,表明湖光岩玛珥湖中二醇指数能够用来作为水体温度的替代性指标.此研究结果为长链烷基二醇类化合物在湖泊古环境重建应用中提供了现代过程证据. 相似文献
8.
9.
安徽巢县南陵湖组火山碎屑流沉积物的发现 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在安徽巢县下三叠统南陵湖组上部，发育着一套火山碎屑沉积物，主要由英安质角砾岩、英安质晶屑、玻屑凝灰角砾岩和英安质玻屑、晶屑凝灰岩等组成。它厚１．８ｍ，层序清楚，分为２个布玛旋回。研究表明，它属于海底喷发、水流搬运的火山碎清流沉积（火山浊流沉积），并且可能是印支早期华北板块与扬子板块相互碰撞的一种反映。 相似文献
10.
安徽巢湖地区早三叠世火山碎屑流的岩石学特征及其形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽巢湖早三叠世青龙组南陵湖段中的火山碎屑流沉积物,由火山碎屑岩组成,可分为英安 质角砾岩、英安质晶屑－玻屑凝灰角砾岩、英安质玻屑－晶屑凝灰岩和凝灰质灰岩四种岩石类型。沉积 层序分为两个旋回,包括Ｂｏｕｍａ序列的Ａ—Ｃ、Ａ—Ｅ段。层序分析表明,是介于近源和远源之间的过渡 相,属于斜坡沉积环境,物质来源于巢湖以南的浅海区火山喷发物质。 相似文献
11.
Yong Il Lee Hyoun Soo Lim Ho Il Yoon Andrzej Tatur 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(25-28):3167-3178
Several reworked tephra layers in gravity-flow deposits are present in lacustrine core sediments collected from Hotel and Rudy Lakes on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime sub-Antarctica. This study tests the values of tephra for establishing regional tephrochronologies for lakes in ice-covered landscapes in the vicinity of volcanoes. The tephra record is more abundant in a long Hotel Lake core (515 cm long). This study uses volcanic glass samples from five tephra layers of Hotel Lake and from one tephra layer of Rudy Lake. Morphologically, tephras are mixtures of basaltic and pumice shards, both having various degrees of vesicularity. Major element analyses of glass shards reveal that the majority of the glass fragments belong to basic glass (<60 wt% SiO2), compositionally ranging from basalt to low-silica andesite and subalkaline series medium-K tholeiites, probably sourced from Deception Island located 130 km southwest of King George Island. Less than 20% of tephra belongs to silicic glass and occurs in three tephra horizons E of Hotel Lake. However, source volcano(es) for about 10% of basic tephra and silicic tephra are not readily identified from nearby volcanic centers. Except for the studied tephra in Rudy Lake, all tephra samples in Hotel Lake are not ashfall deposits but reworked and redeposited pyroclasts derived from retreating ice sheet, resulting in the occurrence of geochemically equivalent tephra samples in different tephra horizons. The dating of the studied tephra horizons represents the timing of deglaciation rather than that of volcanic eruptions. The result of this study implies that combined with sedimentological information more chemical criterion is necessary to study tephrochronology and regional correlation and to understand paleoenvironmental changes using tephra. 相似文献
12.
Christine Lane Michael Haslam Michael Petraglia Peter Ditchfield Victoria Smith Ravi Korisettar 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(15-16):1819-1824
The ～74 ka BP Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT), from the largest known Quaternary volcanic eruption, has been found for the first time as a non-visible (crypto-) tephra layer within the Billa Surgam caves, southern India. The occurrence of the YTT layer in Charnel House Cave provides the first calendrical age estimate for this much debated Pleistocene faunal sequence and demonstrates the first successful application of cryptotephrochronology within a cave sequence. The YTT layer lies ～50 cm below a major sedimentological change, which is related to global cooling around the MIS 5 to MIS 4 transition. Using this isochronous event layer the Billa Surgam Cave record can be directly correlated with other archaeological sites in peninsular India and palaeoenvironmental archives across southern Asia. 相似文献
13.
Determination of the area density of spontaneous fission tracks (ρs) in glass shards of Toba tephra is a reliable way to distinguish between the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) and the Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT). The ρs values for YTT, uncorrected for partial track fading, range from 70 to 181 tracks/cm2 with a weighted mean of 108 ± 5 tracks/cm2, based on 15 samples. Corrected ρs values for YTT are in the range of 77–140 tracks/cm2 with a weighted mean of 113 ± 8 tracks/cm2, within the range of uncorrected ρs values. No significant difference in ρs exists between YTT samples collected from marine and continental depositional settings. The uncorrected ρs for OTT is 1567 ± 114 tracks/cm2 so that confusion with YTT is unlikely. 相似文献
14.
Rachna Raj 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(1):41-48
This communication reports the occurrence of an ash layer intercalated within the late Quaternary alluvial succession of the
Madhumati River, a tributary of the lower Narmada River. Petrographic, morphological and chemical details of glass shards
and pumice fragments have formed the basis of this study. The ash has been correlated with the Youngest Toba Tuff. The finding
of ash layer interbedded in Quaternary alluvial sequences of western Indian continental margin is significant, as ash being
datable material, a near precise time-controlled stratigraphy can be interpreted for the Quaternary sediments of western India.
The distant volcanic source of this ash requires a fresh re-assessment of ash volume and palaeoclimatic interpretations. 相似文献
15.
A tephra layer offers an isochronous surface in sediments, thus serving as a key bed and/or an age marker. Recent high-resolution sediment research (e.g. varved sediments) has revealed optically invisible tephra fingerprints and provided high-precision tephra ages. However, a tephra-based correlation cannot succeed without detailed knowledge of the tephra characteristics in a proximal area to correlate with tephra in high-resolution sediments in remote areas. Here we documented the detailed characteristics of Towada-Chuseri (To-Cu) tephra, which is associated with the Middle Holocene volcanic explosivity index 5 eruption of Towada volcano, northeast Japan. We used To-Cu tephra samples to achieve the proximal–distal correlation of three members: Chuseri pumice (Cu), Kanegasawa pumice (Kn) and Utarube ash (Ut). These distal occurrences correlate with proximal To-Cu tephra based on volcanic glass morphology and refractive index, as well as on major element composition of volcanic glass shards. Refractive indices allow the preliminary correlation of each member, and major element composition helps in distinguishing Ut from the other members. Glass morphology provides additional support. These correlations reveal that To-Cu, especially Cu, covered central to northeast Japan while confirming that To-Cu is the representative tephra in the Middle Holocene of the Tohoku region. 相似文献
16.
We document the mineralogical and geochemical composition of tephra layers identified in the late Quaternary sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, Chile, 40°S) to identify the source volcanoes and to present the first tephrostratigraphic model for the region. For the last millennium, we propose a multi-criteria correlation model based on five tephra layers identified at seven coring sites. The two upper tephras are thin fine-grained green layers composed of more than 80% rhyodacitic glass shards, and associated to the AD 1960 and AD 1921-22 eruptions of the Puyehue-Cordon de Caulle volcanic complex. The third tephra is a sandy layer dominated by orthopyroxene, and related to the AD 1907 eruption of Rininahue maar. An olivine-rich tephra was deposited at the end of the 16th century, and a tephra characterized by a two-pyroxene association marks the second half of the first millennium AD. In addition, we detail the tephra succession of an 11.22-m-long sediment core covering the last 18,000 yr. The results demonstrate that the central province of the Southern Volcanic Zone has been active throughout the last deglaciation and the Holocene, with no increase in volcanic activity during glacial unloading. 相似文献
17.
R. Joseph Fiacco Jr. Julie M. Palais Mark S. Germani Gregory A. Zielinski Paul A. Mayewski 《Quaternary Research》1993,39(3)
A microparticle concentration peak in a GISP2 ice core contains volcanic glass shards of rhyolitic composition that correspond in age to the 1479-1480 A.D. Mt. St. Helens Wn eruption. These glass shards are compositionally similar to the Wn tephra and constitute 83% of the total particle population. The shards are very coarse-grained (up to 40 μm diameter), suggesting rapid transport from their source to Greenland. A major sulfate peak in the ice occurs approximately 4 months after deposition of the glass shards. This difference in depositional timing suggests primarily tropospheric transport of the ash and stratospheric transport of the sulfate aerosol. Large-scale climatic perturbations following this eruption were evidently negligible. Glaciochemical seasonal indicators suggest a late-fall to early-winter 1479 A.D. eruption. 相似文献
18.
Kaori Aoki 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):93-101
A tephra layer with normal grading in the sub-bottom depth interval 119–122 cm in marine core SO202-27-6 was collected on Patton Seamount in the northeast North Pacific Ocean. Based on the geochemistry of volcanic glass shards determined by a wavelength dispersive electron probe micro-analyser and an X-ray fluorescence analyser, this layer is correlated to the Dawson tephra, a widespread late Pleistocene time marker tephra in Alaska and the Yukon. The age of the Dawson tephra in the core is 29.03 ± 0.178 ka (1 sigma) based on a published age model. The Dawson tephra is revealed to have been deposited in the transition from marine isotope stage 3 to 2, i.e. the last stage of Heinrich Stadial 3 derived from the ice-rafted debris signal. According to the correlation between Greenland (NGRIP ice core) and this core, the Dawson tephra occupies the record immediately before inter stadial 4 in the δ18O stratigraphy of NGRIP. The Dawson tephra on Patton Seamount includes lithic fragments, which suggests that it was deposited not only by fall-out but also in part via another mechanism, such as icebergs from the Cordilleran ice sheet or seasonal sea ice. 相似文献