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1.
通过岩心、薄片观察,从岩石学特征入手,结合测井资料,对塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区石炭系的陆源碎屑—碳酸盐混积岩和混积层系进行了研究。根据混积强度将混积岩划分为混积型碎屑岩、混积型碳酸盐岩和高度混积岩。巴楚组下泥岩段和中泥岩段发育混积型碎屑岩,巴楚组生屑灰岩段、中泥岩段和小海子组发育混积型碳酸盐岩,卡拉沙依组上泥岩段、巴楚组下泥岩段及巴什托局部地区的中泥岩段发育高度混积岩。高度混积岩出现在海退期沉积的碎屑岩段,代表了陆源碎屑—碳酸盐强烈混合的过渡性沉积环境。研究区石炭系可识别出4个三级层序,混积层系主要发育在海侵体系域早期和高位体系域晚期,以间断混合和相缘混合为主。研究认为混积强度是评价混合沉积环境性质的主要参数,并将其划分为4级。下泥岩段存在混积强度达3级以上的混积界面,能用于地层对比。最后,结合混合沉积特征讨论了构造运动和海平面变化对研究区石炭系层序组以上的混合沉积的控制作用。 相似文献
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通过对四川盆地龙门山区甘溪石沟里剖面实测,建立了石沟里剖面泥盆系养马坝组风暴沉积的识别标志,进而对其风暴岩进行了系统研究。石沟里养马坝组风暴沉积的重要标志包括冲刷面、渠模等风暴侵蚀构造和粒序层理、平行层理、丘状交错层理等风暴浪构造。该区养马坝组发育了6种类型的风暴沉积单元组成序列,据此建立了完整的风暴序列模式,由粒序层理段(Sa)、平行层理段(Sb)、丘状交错层理段(Sc)、波状层理段(Sd)和泥岩段(Se)组成,底部常发育冲刷面和渠模构造。龙门山区甘溪石沟里养马坝组风暴沉积可分为近源风暴和远源风暴2种类型,依据风暴沉积的剖面结构类型和沉积构造特点,建立了该区风暴沉积序列的分布模式。龙门山区甘溪石沟里养马坝组发育的风暴沉积是该区混合沉积发育、抑制生物礁发育的重要控制因素,对于该区古地理重建具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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安徽巢北地区五通组沉积环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
下扬子地区广泛发育泥盆系五通组地层, 因为处于海侵初期, 地层中陆相和海相特征共存, 导致对该组沉积环境认识上的分歧;安徽巢北地区泥盆系五通组为一套厚层砂岩夹泥岩组合, 其沉积环境和沉积特征一直不清。为此, 在前人研究成果和野外剖面实测基础上, 采用沉积学、地层学等方法, 结合室内磨片和粒度分析方法, 对其厚层砂岩段进行了详细分析, 研究发现巢湖地区五通组形成于海相沉积环境, 即具滚动组分和跳跃组分组成的多段式的后滨-前滨, 跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的前滨-上临滨, 有跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的沙泥混合坪, 结合沉积序列特点和沉积特征, 最终确定五通组的观山段下部为滨岸相的后滨-前滨的砾石海滩沉积, 观山段上部为滨岸相的前滨-上临滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段下部为滨岸相的混合坪粉砂岩泥岩沉积, 擂鼓台段中部为滨岸相的泥坪、海湾、滨岸沼泽沉积间有前滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段上部为滨岸相的含铁质的混合坪沉积。该文不仅具有理论价值, 也具有一定的教学示范作用。 相似文献
4.
《中国煤炭地质》2015,(5)
基于钻孔岩心观察、室内试验测试以及结合前人研究成果,探讨了淮南煤田石炭-二叠系泥页岩层系分布特点及其沉积环境演化。结果表明:太原组、山西组和下石盒子组、上石盒子组均发育了不同厚度的泥页岩层系,泥岩岩石类型包括粉砂质泥岩、暗色泥岩和高岭石泥岩。太原组发育浅海相的碳酸盐岩和碎屑组成的含煤沉积,部分沼泽、湖泊相发育了泥岩;山西组为海退系列的水下三角洲平原沉积,下部厚约10m的暗色泥岩段有机质含量相对较高,为研究区内主要赋页岩气层段,上部为分流河道沉积,泥岩发育不稳定;下石盒子组与上石盒子组河流作用增强,沉积环境更靠近陆地一侧,不利于有机质的聚集,沉积泥岩有机质含量相对较低。山西组和下石盒子组为本区富有机质泥岩的富集层段,更具生气潜力。 相似文献
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沉积形成的条纹和条带状构造多包含化学沉积和机械沉积2个沉积过程,在探讨其沉积机制时往往受到制约。而桌子山地区中、上奥陶统克里摩里组和乌拉力克组发育良好的条纹条带状泥岩,为单一的机械沉积作用所致,是研究条纹条带构造形成过程中沉积流体作用机制的理想层位。本次研究以详细的野外观察为基础,结合室内岩石薄片鉴定和近年来关于细粒沉积水槽实验的研究成果,探讨深水等深流在形成条纹条带构造中的作用。克里摩里组上段多为条纹状泥岩组成,呈极细的连续或断续透镜状,垂向上表现为细—粗—细序列;乌拉力克组多为条带状泥岩,与砾屑石灰岩伴生,垂向上发育窄—宽—窄序列。其成因则与等深流引起的黏土絮凝波和底载荷运动相关。在弱等深流作用期,絮凝波发育并存在长的尾迹,在等深流改造底载荷进行再沉积的同时,黏土絮凝波发生垂直降落沉积,形成条纹状泥岩;在强等深流作用期,絮凝波不发育,底载荷连续加积形成条带状泥岩。克里摩里组条纹状泥岩与乌拉力克组条带状泥岩的差别可能与水深相关,前者水体较深,后者水体较浅。研究结果说明鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中、晚奥陶世的最大海侵发生在克里摩里组上段,这对研究该地区的构造性海侵和大地构造环境具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
《古地理学报》2017,(6)
沉积形成的条纹和条带状构造多包含化学沉积和机械沉积2个沉积过程,在探讨其沉积机制时往往受到制约。而桌子山地区中、上奥陶统克里摩里组和乌拉力克组发育良好的条纹条带状泥岩,为单一的机械沉积作用所致,是研究条纹条带构造形成过程中沉积流体作用机制的理想层位。本次研究以详细的野外观察为基础,结合室内岩石薄片鉴定和近年来关于细粒沉积水槽实验的研究成果,探讨深水等深流在形成条纹条带构造中的作用。克里摩里组上段多为条纹状泥岩组成,呈极细的连续或断续透镜状,垂向上表现为细—粗—细序列;乌拉力克组多为条带状泥岩,与砾屑石灰岩伴生,垂向上发育窄—宽—窄序列。其成因则与等深流引起的黏土絮凝波和底载荷运动相关。在弱等深流作用期,絮凝波发育并存在长的尾迹,在等深流改造底载荷进行再沉积的同时,黏土絮凝波发生垂直降落沉积,形成条纹状泥岩;在强等深流作用期,絮凝波不发育,底载荷连续加积形成条带状泥岩。克里摩里组条纹状泥岩与乌拉力克组条带状泥岩的差别可能与水深相关,前者水体较深,后者水体较浅。研究结果说明鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中、晚奥陶世的最大海侵发生在克里摩里组上段,这对研究该地区的构造性海侵和大地构造环境具有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
塔河油田南部石炭系卡拉沙依组沉积相研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
综合应用沉积学、古生物学、地球化学等多学科理论,通过岩心观察描述,结合测井、录井、古生物、地球化学等资料综合分析认为:塔河油田南部石炭系卡拉沙依组上部砂泥岩段砂岩中发育羽状交错层理、波状层理、透镜状层理,砂泥岩薄互层,低砂地比,半咸水生物或广盐度生物大量发育,反映了一种潮坪环境;平面上,研究区北部偏粗、含砾,反映存在河流注入,为具有河口湾性质的潮坪沉积体系,卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段主要处于潮间带,发育潮道、砂坪、砂泥混合坪、泥坪、河口坝等微相。下部的上泥岩段为深灰色、灰褐色、棕褐色泥岩,偶夹薄层泥质粉砂岩、灰质泥岩条带,发育平行层理,为泻湖相沉积。 相似文献
8.
金湖凹陷是苏北盆地的主要含油气凹陷,阜宁组二段沉积时期广泛发育陆源碎屑与湖相碳酸盐的混合沉积,结合研究区内岩芯、录井、测井等资料对金湖凹陷阜二段的混合沉积进行了系统研究。其中,金湖凹陷阜二段沉积时期,混合沉积微观上表现为陆源碎屑组分与碳酸盐组分混合沉积形成混积岩,宏观上表现为陆源碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩层系、陆源碎屑岩—混积岩层系、碳酸盐岩—混积岩层系和混积岩层系;混积类型主要发育渐变式和复合式混合沉积,少量发育突变式混合沉积。通过对比分析区域地质背景、岩石学特征、沉积环境等,建立了阜二段混合沉积相模式。对研究区的混合沉积控制因素进行了讨论,认为其主控因素为阜二段沉积时期的海侵作用,同时构造作用、气候条件、湖平面变化、物源等也对研究区混合沉积有重要的影响。 相似文献
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SUNG KWUN CHOUGH 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1530-1572
To understand the depositional processes and environmental changes during the initial flooding of the North China Platform, this study focuses on the Lower to Middle Cambrian Zhushadong and Mantou formations in Shandong Province, China. The succession in the Jinan and Laiwu areas comprises mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposits composed of limestone, dolostone, stromatolite, thrombolite, purple and grey mudstone, and sandstone. A detailed sedimentary facies analysis of seven well‐exposed sections suggests that five facies associations are the result of an intercalation of carbonate and siliciclastic depositional environments, including local alluvial fans, shallowing‐upward carbonate–siliciclastic peritidal cycles, oolite dominant shoals, shoreface and lagoonal environments. These facies associations successively show a transition from an initially inundated tide‐dominated carbonate platform to a wave‐dominated shallow marine environment. In particular, the peritidal sediments were deposited during a large number of depositional cycles. These sediments consist of lime mudstone, dolomite, stromatolite and purple and grey mudstones. These shallowing‐upward cycles generally resulted from carbonate production in response to an increase of accommodation during rising sea‐level. The carbonate production was, however, interrupted by frequent siliciclastic input from the adjacent emergent archipelago. The depositional cycles thus formed under the influence of both autogenetic changes, including sediment supply from the archipelago, and allogenic control of relative sea‐level rise in the carbonate factory. A low‐relief archipelago with an active tidal regime allowed the development of tide‐dominated siliciclastic and carbonate environments on the vast platform. Siliciclastic input to these tidal environments terminated when most of the archipelago became submerged due to a rapid rise in sea‐level. This study provides insights on how a vast Cambrian carbonate platform maintained synchronous sedimentation under a tidal regime, forming distinct cycles of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics as the system kept up with rising relative sea‐level during the early stage of basin development in the North China Platform. 相似文献
12.
Hayfaa Abdul Aziz Enrique Sanz-Rubio† Jose P. Calvo‡ Fredirik J. Hilgen Wout Krijgsman 《Sedimentology》2003,50(2):211-236
ABSTRACT The middle Miocene sedimentary fill of the Calatayud Basin in north‐eastern Spain consists of proximal to distal alluvial fan‐floodplain and shallow lacustrine deposits. Four main facies groups characteristic of different sedimentary environments are recognized: (1) proximal and medial alluvial fan facies that comprise clast‐supported gravel and subordinate sandstone and mudstone, the latter exhibiting incipient pedogenic features; (2) distal alluvial fan facies, formed mainly of massive mudstone, carbonate‐rich palaeosols and local carbonate pond deposits; (3) lake margin facies, which show two distinct lithofacies associations depending on their distribution relative to the alluvial fan system, i.e. front (lithofacies A), comprising massive siliciclastic mudstone and tabular carbonates, or lateral (lithofacies B) showing laminated and/or massive siliciclastic mudstone alternating with tabular and/or laminated carbonate beds; and (4) mudflat–shallow lake facies showing a remarkable cyclical alternation of green‐grey and/or red siliciclastic mudstone units and white dolomitic carbonate beds. The cyclic mudflat–shallow lake succession, as exposed in the Orera composite section (OCS), is dominantly composed of small‐scale mudstone–carbonate/dolomite cycles. The mudstone intervals of the sedimentary cycles are interpreted as a result of sedimentation from suspension by distal sheet floods, the deposits evolving either under subaerial exposure or water‐saturated conditions, depending on their location on the lacustrine mudflat and on climate. The dolomite intervals accumulated during lake‐level highstands with Mg‐rich waters becoming increasingly concentrated. Lowstand to highstand lake‐level changes indicated by the mudstone/dolomite units of the small‐scale cycles reflect a climate control (from dry to wet conditions) on the sedimentation in the area. The spatial distribution of the different lithofacies implies that deposition of the small‐scale cycles took place in a low‐gradient, shallow lake basin located in an interfan zone. The development of the basin was constrained by gradual alluvial fan aggradation. Additional support for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation is derived from the isotopic compositions of carbonates from the various lithofacies that show a wide range of δ18O and δ13C values varying from ?7·9 to 3·0‰ PDB and from ?9·2 to ?1·7‰ PDB respectively. More negative δ18O and δ13C values are from carbonate‐rich palaeosols and lake‐margin carbonates, which extended in front of the alluvial fan systems, whereas more positive values correspond to dolomite beds deposited in the shallow lacustrine environment. The results show a clear trend of δ18O enrichment in the carbonates from lake margin to the centre of the shallow lake basin, thereby also demonstrating that the lake evolved under hydrologically closed conditions. 相似文献
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利用岩芯、薄片、测录井以及测试分析等资料，结合区域地质，研究了渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系沙三上亚段（Es3上）I油组发育的混积岩特征，分析了其沉积环境，探讨了其沉积模式。研究结果表明:大王庄地区古近系沙三上亚段I油组混积岩分为（含）陆源碎屑质—碳酸盐岩和（含）碳酸盐质—陆源碎屑岩两大类，以灰（云）质砂岩、砂质泥晶云岩为主，（含）陆源碎屑质—碳酸盐岩主要分布于工区中部和北部，（含）碳酸盐质—陆源碎屑岩分布于西部和南部；混积成因类型以原地混合和相源混合为主，相源混合出现于Es3上I油组早中期，原地混合出现于Es3上I油组早期；少量母源混合出现于Es3上I油组晚期。饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系沙三上亚段I油组沉积环境主要位于滨浅湖，可划分为砂质混积滩坝沉积、碳酸盐岩混积滩坝沉积以及滨浅湖泥混积3种沉积微相类型。综合分析湖平面变化、构造演化、古地貌等对混合沉积的控制作用，建立了湖平面先稳定上升后下降的混积岩沉积模式:随着湖平面的缓慢上升，混合沉积呈增多趋势，以相源混合和原地混合为主；当湖平面到达一定高度时，纯碳酸盐岩增多，混合沉积减少，以相源混合为主；后期，湖平面下降，可能形成母源混合沉积。 相似文献
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本文在详细描述甜水海-麻扎地块上石炭统恰提尔群B组地层剖面基础上,结合野外沉积构造、室内薄片鉴定、粒度分析成果,讨论了该组的岩石组合特征和沉积环境。其岩性组合为细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩等碎屑岩类,为一套湖陆过渡的三角洲沉积,可进一步划分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘与前三角洲3个沉积亚相,其物源区为再循环造山带、混合物源区。 相似文献
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重庆市万盛区中二叠统碳酸盐岩分布广泛，露头发育良好，发育有10种微相类型，即灰泥石灰岩、筵粒泥灰岩、球粒生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑内碎屑泥粒灰岩、荷叶藻泥粒灰岩、鲕粒内碎屑泥粒岩/颗粒岩、小有孔虫泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、绿藻颗粒灰岩和生物碎屑颗粒灰岩。综合分析表明，研究区中二叠统形成于滨岸、局限台地和开阔台地环境，据此建立了沉积相模式。 相似文献
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辽河西部凹陷雷家地区古近系沙四段混合沉积特征研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
雷家地区古近系沙四段广泛发育湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积。通过对研究区混合沉积的区域地质背景、岩石学特征、沉积环境等分析,认为该区混合沉积特征为结构混合和互层混合,其中结构混合（狭义的混积岩）在不同构造部位混积岩岩石成分不同,西部以内源型混合沉积为主,中东部以陆源型混合沉积为主,局部为火山岩型混积岩。混合沉积作用类型包括渐变式混合沉积和复合式混合沉积Ⅰ类,局部发育突变式混合沉积。最后,分析本区白云岩的成因,进而探讨形成混合沉积的地质条件和沉积环境。 相似文献
17.
鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明:白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。 相似文献
18.
The Burdigalian mixed siliciclastic–carbonate deposits of the Dam Formation are well-exposed in Al Lidam area, in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. They represent a shallow part of the Arabian plate continental margin. The Dam Formation is correlatable to the Miocene reservoirs in both Iran and Iraq. Therefore, studying the Dam Formation lithologic heterogeneity in a small distance with high resolution could help in further work related to pattern prediction of the Miocene reservoir properties. High-resolution sedimentological investigation was carried out through six outcrops. The facies parameters (lithology, sedimentary structures, main fossils, paleocurrent patterns and geometries of the sedimentary bodies) were described. The results revealed 15 lithofacies that have been further grouped into 7 lithofacies associations 5 of which are carbonates and include (1) interbedded dolostone and evaporates, (2) microbialite buildup, (3) ooid-dominated grainstones, (4) burrowed skeletal peloidal wackestone–packstone and (5) mollusc-dominated wackestone–packstone. The remaining two associations are of siliciclastics and include (6) intertidal siliciclastics and (7) wave-dominated siliciclastics. These lithofacies were interpreted to reflect deposition in a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate ramp system that includes subtidal, shoreface, intertidal, foreshore, supratidal and estuarine deposits in a shallowing-upward succession. Each one of these lithofacies association has distinct geometry and architecture pattern. Oolites and heterozoan lithofacies occur as sheets and show great continuity along the strike direction. Oolites pass laterally in the dip direction into more skeletal- and peloid-dominated zones, whereas heterozoan lithofacies stay continuous in the dip directions and change from siliciclastic to carbonate heterozones. In contrast, microbialite lithofacies lack continuous beds and occur as localised bioherms and biostroms. Channelised lithofacies are restricted laterally into isolated channel bodies and vertically in the contact boundary between siliciclastic and carbonate lithofacies, whereas the interbedded dolostone and evaporite lithofacies form distinct, relatively thick continuous layers. With continuous exposures in both strike (1.2 km) and dip (0.15 km) directions, the outcrops in the Al Lidam area provide unique opportunity to study the heterogeneity among lithofacies of the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system of the Dam Formation. Such study may provide insights to predict occurrence and distribution of lithofacies bodies in their equivalent reservoirs which are important for reservoir characterisation. 相似文献
19.
碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积体系研究进展 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
广义的碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积是指碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑岩高频率交互沉积及岩石中碳酸盐组分与陆源碎屑组分的混合产出。本文综述了混合沉积体系的研究意义；评述了８０年代以来的国内外研究现状和成果，认为海平面变化是混合沉积的主要控制因素，其次有构造升降、物源供应、气候以及突出发性事件等因素；提出了混合沉积体系的研究应该以沉积相、微相分析为基础，并与沉积地球化学、阴极发光研究相结合。 相似文献
20.
Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediment gravity flow deposits of Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian age are exposed in the Death Valley - Owens Valley region of east-central California. The Mexican Spring unit constitutes the upper part of the Keeler Canyon Formation and is characterized by turbidites, debris flow deposits and megabreccias, all of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic composition. The mixed composition of the Keeler Canyon Formation provides an opportunity to link facies architecture to controls on depositional system development. Depositional relationships indicate that the deposits represent a non-channellized base of slope carbonate apron system with inner, outer and basinal facies associations. These gravity flow deposits are characterized by repeated stacked, small scale (<15 m) coarsening and thickening upward cycles with superimposed medium scale (>100 m) coarsening and thickening upward cycles. Contemporaneous outer shelf and upper slope deposits of the Tippipah Limestone are exposed at Syncline Ridge on the Nevada Test Site. The deposits consist of carbonate buildups directly overlain by cross bedded, quartz-rich sandstone and conglomerate which filled channels that traversed across the previously existing carbonate shelf. Detritus was transported to the west, down the upper slope by gully systems that fed the temporally persistent base of slope apron of the upper part of the Keeler Canyon Formation. This style of deposition differs from point-sourced siliciclastic submarine fan depositional systems. However, the Keeler Canyon system has lithofacies similar to some sandy siliciclastic turbidite systems, such as the delta-fed submarine ramp facies model, which is a line-sourced, shelf-fed system that is not supply limited. The mixed clastic apron systems of the Keeler Canyon Formation differ from classical carbonate aprons in that the former is characterized by an abundance of sedimentary cycles. Controls on the development of these cycles and of the facies distribution may have resulted from changes in type and rate of sediment supply, relative sea level changes and/or tectonic events. Interpretation of the data is focused on relative changes in sea level as the most significant control on development of the depositional system. Relative sea level changes serve two important functions: (1) they provide a mechanism for bringing coarse siliciclastic and bioclastic grains together on the outer shelf, and (2) shelf margin collapse may be initiated during relative lowstands allowing for transport of the sediment to the deep basin and development of deep basinal cycles. Therefore, an abundance of mixed clastic gravity flow deposits such as these in the rock record may be an indicator of periods of high frequency changes in relative sea level, which is a characteristic of Late Palaeozoic sea level history. 相似文献