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《地下水》2021,(5)
随着经济社会的发展和生态环保意识的增强,河流水环境综合整治对于促进城市经济发展、人文景观和生态环境改善的重要作用逐渐引起人们的重视。为实现滩绿、水清、河畅、景美的整治效果,文章以北票市凉水河为例,结合凉水河水质监测资料,对2010-2020年流域内TP、TN、BOD_5、COD的平均浓度值进行分析,结果可知:凉水河TP、TN、BOD_5、COD的浓度值整体处于Ⅲ类水、劣Ⅴ类水、Ⅲ类～Ⅴ类水、Ⅲ类～Ⅳ类水之间,且3～6月枯水期水质相对较差。凉水河主要污染源包括农业化肥、人畜粪便、生活污水和餐饮服务业,所以面源与电源污染应作为控制的重点。为提升凉水河水景观、保证水安全以及解决水环境问题,可以采取生态护岸建设、水环境整治、景观提升和生态治理等综合整治措施,对提出农村中小河流水环境进行综合整治,以期为恢复洁净耗氧的河道生态系统提供参考。 相似文献
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【研究目的】新安江流域是华东地区重要的生态安全屏障,其治理具有长期性、艰巨性、复杂性和反复性。科学评价流域水环境质量状况,识别重点污染区域和主要污染因子,可为流域生态环境整治提供重要依据。【研究方法】以新安江流域88个监测点水质数据为基础,采用主成分分析法对水质评价指标体系进行优化,再运用熵权法计算各指标权重及各个监测点的水质综合指数,并结合GIS空间分析功能绘制了水质综合指数图。【研究结果】88个监测点的水质综合指数范围为0.02～1.313,流域地表水环境质量总体较好,以Ⅲ类水为主,且浙江段水质好于安徽段。重点污染区域分布在休宁—歙县—徽州区一带,形成了潜口镇、岩寺镇—三村镇两个污染中心。TN、TP和NH3-N为流域主要污染指标,其中TN为全局型污染物,TP和NH3-N为区域型污染物。【结论】主成分分析和熵权法结合的水质评价模型避免了评价指标的重复性以及权重赋值的主观性,能够有效评估复杂的水环境指标体系,具有较好的可行性和实用性。 相似文献
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对水库型水源地水环境安全评价的理论和方法进行研究,构建了基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-风险模型(DPSIR)的水库型水源地水环境安全评价指标体系,综合评价指标体系包括了降水、污染物入库量、水质状态指标、水质达标率以及水华爆发影响因子5个方案,11项指标。将该指标体系应用于岳城水库水环境安全评价,其结论主要有:(1)该模型的驱动力是降水带入面源污染,压力是流域输入水库的污染负荷,状态指标是TN、TP以及CODMn等水质参数,影响指标是水库水质达标率,风险指标则是氮磷比、水温等;(2)岳城水库4、5、6和9月处于较安全状态,但由于受地表径流污染负荷影响,在7、8月处于预警状态。将评价结果与实际水环境安全状况进行比较,吻合程度好,因此该模型可应用于海河流域大型水库饮用水水源地水环境安全评价。 相似文献
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随着工农业生产的快速发展,水体不同程度污染,城市、农村饮用水水源地安全受到威胁,加强水源地管理及保护工作,科学制定饮用水水源地保护和管理对策及措施,显得尤为重要和迫切。最后,提出综合利用法律、行政、技术等手段,强化管理;合理开发及配置水资源,优水优用,改善现有城市用水结构,统筹协调好生活、生产和生态用水关系;加大资金投入,加强河道,水库污染源控制、治理和水源涵养,保障水源供水水质等四项加强饮用水水源地保护工作建议。 相似文献
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2010年受"凡亚比"台风强降雨及诱发的次生灾害泥石流影响,高州水库集水区内植被及水环境质量受到严重损害。为评估此次灾害对集水区生态环境的影响,对比分析了灾害前后遥感数据及水体水质变化。结果表明,灾害对集水区高植被覆盖度区域造成较严重破坏,高植被覆盖度区域呈下降趋势,灾后集水区的高植被覆盖区转出面积(932.7km2)大于转入面积(889.4 km2),主要转变为中植被覆盖度区域,高植被覆盖度区域实际面积由灾前932.28 km2减少到灾后889.404 km2,面积减少42.884 km2;中植被覆盖区面积增加37.354 km2,无植被及低植被覆盖面积变化不大。灾后短时间内造成水库水质发生较大变化,库区及入库河流中DO、pH、SD、CODMn与Chl.a浓度降低;浊度与TN、NO3-N、NH4-N、TP、Fe浓度升高;三条入库河流Fe浓度超出地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)中限值,其中古丁河口处Fe浓度超标准限值6.4倍;古丁河TN浓度和朋情河口处TN、TP浓度均超地表水Ⅲ类标准;水库供水口底层水体TN、TP含量浓度超地表水Ⅲ类标准,Fe浓度也超出标准限值,严重影响供水水质。由于台风强降雨极端气候变化和土地使用改变等因素综合影响,区域灾害类型趋向复合型变化,使得生态环境保护和供水水质安全保障面临更大的挑战。 相似文献
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浙江省主要饮用水水源地水环境承载能力分析与对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在对浙江省主要饮用水水源地背景资料进行调查基础上，运用污染物总量控制指标分析了水源地水环境的承载能力，并提出了提高水源地水环境承载能力的对策，确保各地饮用水水源地保护区水质符合规定的标准，为城乡居民饮用安全优质水提供保证，为促进浙江省水资源可持续利用和经济社会可持续发展提供保障。 相似文献
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Based on the characteristics of land use and drainage network of the upper watershed of the Miyun Res-ervoir, Beijing, 26 monitoring and sampling sites were selected in different sub-catchments. Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient loss were dealt with in this paper in terms of the monitoring data on the water quality of the main tributaries flowing into the Miyun Reservoir. In combination with the monitoring data on water quality, the impacts of watershed characteristics including land-use type, landscape pattern, and drainage density were assessed, The concentrations of nutrients in the rainy season are higher than those in other seasons, and the concentrations of NO3--N are linearly related to those of total N which is the main form of nitrogen present in the fiver water. The concentrations of nitrogen become higher toward the reservoir along the main rivers. The seasonal variation of ni-trogen in the watershed affected by intensive human activities is very obvious; in the watershed with steady or low water flow, the seasonal variation of nitrogen is less obvious. Forest land and grassland can trap and filter nitrogen effectively. Land-use pattern also has important impacts on the loss of nitrogen. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies show great temporal and spatial variations. On a temporal scale, the concentrations of TN and TP in the rainy reason are higher than those in other seasons. On a spatial scale, the concentrations of TN and NO3--N in the Qingshui River and Chaohe River are highest all the time. The spatial variation of TP is distinct, being obvious at sampling sites near villages. The form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss varies in different hydrological seasons. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in streams in non-rainy seasons, the dissolved nitro-gen and total nitrogen decrease in percentage in the rainy season. Particulate nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in some rivers. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N from orchards and villages are high whereas those from forest land are lowest. Land-use pattern has impacts on TN and NO3--N losses, at the sampling sites near the source landscape, the concentrations are higher than those at the sampling sites near the sink landscape. Water quality of the rivers which flow into the Miyuan Reservior is influenced by the composition of adjacent soils. 相似文献
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The influence of topography and land use on water quality of Xiangxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir region 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to cluster the water quality data of Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.
The results showed that 81 sampling sites could be divided into several groups representing different land use types. The
forest dominated region had low concentrations of most nutrient variables except COD, whereas the agricultural region had
high concentrations of NO3N, TN, Alkalinity, and Hardness. The sites downstream of an urban area were high in NH3N, NO2N, PO4P and TP. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the individual effects of topography and land use on river water quality.
The results revealed that the watershed factors accounted for 61.7% variations of water quality in the Xiangxi River. Specifically,
topographical characteristics explained 26.0% variations of water quality, land use explained 10.2%, and topography and land
use together explained 25.5%. More than 50% of the variation in most water quality variables was explained by watershed characteristics.
However, water quality variables which are strongly influenced by urban and industrial point source pollution (NH3N, NO2N, PO4P and TP) were not as well correlated with watershed characteristics. 相似文献
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Understanding the effect of various environmental factors on algal blooms is essential for proper management of water resources. Eight weirs were constructed on the Nakdong River in South Korea between 2010 and 2011 to manage water resources and deal with possible floods and droughts. In this study, water quality observation data were collected from eight representative monitoring sites in the Nakdong River between 2001 and 2016. Particularly, the effect of the weirs construction on water retention time was statistically analyzed in terms of algal growth and other important water quality parameters. While there was slight increase of water temperature (0.8 °C) over 16 years, the concentrations of total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) decreased by 62.3, and 12.9%, respectively, after the construction of weirs. This TP decrease was noticeable, but still high enough to maintain the eutrophic state of the river. Correlation statistical analysis suggests that the Chl-a concentration is positively affected by the changes of TP, TN and chemical oxygen demand. However, there was no direct correlation between Chl-a concentration and the increased water retention time from the weir construction. 相似文献
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R. E. Turner N. N. Rabalais R. B. Alexander G. McIsaac R. W. Howarth 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(5):773-790
We synthesize and update the science supporting the Action Plan for Reducing, Mitigating, and Controlling Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force 2001) with a focus on the spatial and temporal discharge and patterns of nutrient and organic carbon delivery to the northern Gulf of Mexico, including data through 2006. The discharge of the Mississippi River watershed over 200 years varies but is not demonstrably increasing or decreasing. About 30% of the Mississippi River was shunted westward to form the Atchafalaya River, which redistributed water and nutrient loads on the shelf. Data on nitrogen concentrations from the early 1900s demonstrate that the seasonal and annual concentrations in the lower river have increased considerably since then, including a higher spring loading, following the increase in fertilizer applications after World WarII. The loading of total nitrogen (TN) fell from 1990 to 2006, but the loading of total phosphorus (TP) has risen slightly, resulting in a decline in the TN:TP ratios. The present TN:TP ratios hover around an average indicative of potential nitrogen limitation on phytoplankton growth, or balanced growth limitation, but not phosphorus limitation. The dissolved nitrogen:dissolved silicate ratios are near the Redfield ratio indicative of growth limitations on diatoms. Although nutrient concentrations are relatively high compared to those in many other large rivers, the water quality in the Mississippi River is not unique in that nutrient loads can be described by a variety of land-use models. There is no net removal of nitrogen from water flowing through the Atchafalaya basin, but the concentrations of TP and suspended sediments are lower at the exit point (Morgan City, Louisiana) than in the water entering the Atchafalaya basin. The removal of nutrients entering offshore waters through diversion of river water into wetlands is presently less than 1% of the total loadings going directly offshore, and would be less than 8% if the 10,093 km2 of coastal wetlands were successfully engineered for that purpose. Wetland loss is an insignificant contribution to the carbon loading offshore, compared to in situ marine production. The science-based conclusions in the Action Plan about nutrient loads and sources to the hypoxic zone off Louisiana are sustained by research and monitoring occurring in the subsequent 10 years. 相似文献
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The relative abundance of diatom species in different habitats can be used as a tool to infer prior environmental conditions and evaluate management decisions that influence habitat quality. Diatom distribution patterns were examined to characterize relationships between assemblage composition and environmental gradients in a subtropical estuarine watershed. We identified environmental correlates of diatom distribution patterns across the Charlotte Harbor, Florida, watershed; evaluated differences among three major river drainages; and determined how accurately local environmental conditions can be predicted using inference models based on diatom assemblages. Sampling locations ranged from freshwater to marine (0.1–37.2 ppt salinity) and spanned broad nutrient concentration gradients. Salinity was the predominant driver of difference among diatom assemblages across the watershed, but other environmental variables had stronger correlations with assemblages within the subregions of the three rivers and harbor. Eighteen indicator taxa were significantly affiliated with subregions. Relationships between diatom taxon distributions and salinity, distance from the harbor, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated to determine the utility of diatom assemblages to predict environmental values using a weighted averaging-regression approach. Diatom-based inferences of these variables were strong (salinity R 2?=?0.96; distance R 2?=?0.93; TN R 2?=?0.83; TP R 2?=?0.83). Diatom assemblages provide reliable estimates of environmental parameters on different spatial scales across the watershed. Because many coastal diatom taxa are ubiquitous, the diatom training sets provided here should enable diatom-based environmental reconstructions in subtropical estuaries that are being rapidly altered by land and water use changes and sea level rise. 相似文献
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Laidia Zerkaoui Mohamed Benslimane Abderrahmane Hamimed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(24):779
Water management remains a complex task due to the multiplicity of users-consumers, which necessitates the use of planning tools and decision support in a rigorous manner. The objective of the present study is to find an alternative solution to the water use conflict applied to a scale of a hydrographic unit. Our choice focused on the Mebtouh River watershed (1306 km2), where there is a chronic water shortage. With an irrigated perimeter of 8200 ha and an urban area with a regional dimension, the hydraulic system is based on a Dam (Cheurfa) with a capacity of 83 hm3 and diversions by pumping over the river. The methodology adopted is the application of the WEAP software, with a view to constructing a water resource allocation model by 2050. The data set consists of the physical parameters of the study area, hydroclimatic records for the reference year (2015), and the estimation of urban and agricultural water demand sites. The results obtained by the WEAP model applied to our study area confirm the validation of the data used. Therefore, it is timely to develop a water resources management tool to reduce user-consumer tensions at the planned planning timeline. 相似文献
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Michael R. Williams Gopal Bhatt Solange Filoso Guido Yactayo 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(5):1227-1246
In large part driven by total maximum daily load (TMDL) mandates, the restoration community in the Chesapeake Bay region has been implementing novel best management practices (BMPs) and stream restoration designs in urban areas, such as regenerative stream/stormwater conveyance (RSC) structures and stream-wetland complexes (SWCs). However, the nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies of these novel designs are virtually unknown, and the possibility of increasing riverine flow in the Chesapeake Bay watershed associated with climate change this century necessitates an evaluation of their performance to develop and utilize those that optimize reductions in nutrient and sediment fluxes. We compare pre- and post-construction loads (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS)) from RSCs (i.e., upland BMPs) and a SWC (i.e., stream restoration) constructed at the outflow of a highly developed watershed in the Coastal Plain physiographic province of Maryland. The largest of the two RSCs performed best in relation to expected nutrient and sediment reductions because of superior water retention capability. By the length of river reach restored, the SWC attained from 79 to 88% of its N reduction TMDL goal, but only 19 to 23 and 2.7 to 3.1% for TP and TSS, respectively; by watershed area, % attainments of TMDL goals were much lower. Results indicate that SWCs have the potential to curtail N loading from developed catchments, but additional water quality benefits may be limited. Climate change projections indicate that there will be an increased frequency of larger-volume storms that will result in an increase in stormflow runoff from urban areas, and increased pollutant loads will likely curtail potential gains made by efforts to achieve TMDL goals. Given the large-scale implementation of BMPs currently underway to accommodate the Chesapeake Bay TMDL, the restoration community needs to adopt a concerted strategy of building climate resilience into many types of urban BMPs to help attain and maintain loads at TMDL levels in anticipation of a progressively wetter climate throughout this century. 相似文献
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Nutrient inputs have degraded estuaries worldwide. We investigated the sources and effects of nutrient inputs by comparing water quality at shallow (< 2m deep) nearshore (within 200 m) locations in a total of 49 Chesapeake subestuaries and Mid-Atlantic coastal bays with differing local watershed land use. During July–October, concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), dissolved ammonium, dissolved inorganic N (DIN), and chlorophyll a were positively correlated with the percentages of cropland and developed land in the local watersheds. TN, DIN, and nitrate were positively correlated with the ratio of watershed area to subestuary area. Total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphate increased with cropland but were not affected by developed land. The relationships among N, P, chlorophyll a, and land use suggest N limitation of chlorophyll a production from July–October. We compared our measurements inside the subestuaries to measurements by the Chesapeake Bay Program in adjacent estuarine waters outside the subestuaries. TP and dissolved inorganic P concentrations inside the subestuaries correlated with concentrations outside the subestuaries. However, water quality inside the subestuaries generally differed from that in adjacent estuarine waters. The concentration of nitrate was lower inside the subestuaries, while the concentrations of other forms of N, TP, and chlorophyll a were higher. This suggests that shallow nearshore waters inside the subestuaries import nitrate while exporting other forms of N as well as TP and chlorophyll a. The importance of local land use and the distinct biogeochemistry of shallow waters should be considered in managing coastal systems. 相似文献
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1990-2016年湘江干流水质变化特征及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1990-2016年湘江干流主要断面的水质监测数据,采用综合污染指数法、Spearman秩相关检验和主成分分析法对流域水环境质量演变特征进行综合评价,并结合社会经济指标识别流域主要污染源。综合污染指数结果表明湘江水环境变化趋势明显分为两个阶段,1990-1996年间为水质变好阶段,除个别值外污染指数均小于0.2,1997-2016年间水质呈恶化趋势,水质维持在Ⅲ~IV类之间;Spearman秩相关检验结果表明污染物浓度总体呈增加趋势,其中TP、CODMn、Cd、Pb和石油类显著上升;主成分分析结果表明流域污染物主要为NH4+-N、TP和Cd,污染源为生活点源和农业面源,从上游到下游污染程度明显增大,其中湘潭断面水质污染最严重,综合得分为0.9006,道县断面相对较轻,综合得分为-0.7014,城镇化因素是影响流域水环境的主要驱动因素。研究结果可为流域水环境保护和水生态修复提供科学依据。 相似文献