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1.
柱孔扩张理论广泛用于旁压试验机制分析、沉桩挤土效应等岩土工程问题中。基于经典的Vesic孔扩张理论,采用能够考虑中主应力效应的广义SMP屈服准则,并结合有限应变理论对均质土体中柱孔扩张问题进行分析,根据应力路径假设提出确定塑性区平均体应变的解析步骤。通过大量变参数计算给出具有不同刚度指标 、泊松比 和内摩擦角 的土中柱孔扩张极限状态下的塑性区平均体应变、孔扩张半径比和孔扩张系数。分析结果表明, 、 、 越大,塑性区平均体应变越小,塑性区半径比越大,孔扩张系数越大;随着 增加, 的变化对孔扩张系数的影响更显著。同时,将结果与基于Mohr-Coulomb准则的孔扩张解答进行比较,探讨不同土性参数时中主应力效应对孔扩张系数的影响。文中分析方法及给出的考虑中主应力效应的柱孔扩张系数表可为原位试验分析及桩侧摩阻力估算提供参考。 相似文献
2.
采用静止土压力系数K0描述土体初始应力各向异性程度,建立了压力控制边界条件的柱孔扩张数值模型,分析压力为边界条件的圆柱孔扩张特性。计算结果表明,初始应力条件各向异性时,柱孔周围的土体的径向位移是不相等的,扩张后的柱孔呈椭圆形,初始应力各向异性是柱孔非对称扩张的内在原因;塑性区的分布具有明显的方向性,塑性区最大半径位于柱孔周围初始大主应力方向上;在相同的扩张压力下,随不排水抗剪强度增加,土体的塑性区减小,且土体初始应力各向异性造成的土体塑性区分布各向异性程度也随之减小;在相同的扩张压力下,柱孔初始应力越大,其塑性区范围越大,且土体初始应力各向异性造成的土体塑性区分布的各向异性程度也越大。 相似文献
3.
为研究卸荷对灌注桩、隧道等复杂受力岩土结构的影响,建立了考虑弹塑性卸荷的圆孔反向扩张简化解模型。该模型在应力计算中采用了叠加法的思想,在反向塑性区采用了非关联的Mohr-Coulomb准则、塑性区大应变假设和忽略塑性区弹性应变的假设。研究表明,圆孔反向扩张过程可划分为弹性阶段和两个弹塑性阶段。当孔压重新加至初始值时,不论柱孔还是球孔其半径均未能恢复到初始值,且在孔周存在一定范围的应力薄弱区。与经典原位扩张解相比,当圆孔压力增至一定值后圆孔反向扩张的屈服面发展、圆孔应力变化及孔周应力场将与之趋于一致。忽略塑性区的弹性应变假设会使简化解的土体位移偏小,极限扩张压力偏大,但对应力相关量的计算没有影响。与Tresca解相比,所提模型考虑了内摩擦角的影响,更接近于土体实际。通过数值模拟建立了圆孔反向扩张的平面应变模型,其应力分析结果与理论模型基本一致。 相似文献
4.
K0固结饱和土柱孔扩张问题弹塑性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用K0固结各向异性土体本构模型,将柱孔扩张后周围土体分为弹性区和塑性区,根据柱孔扩张理论和边界条件,推导出K0固结状态下饱和天然土体柱孔扩张问题弹塑性区的应力、塑性区半径以及超孔隙水压力的理论解答。同时,通过算例与修正剑桥模型解答进行对比分析,结果表明,土的不同初始固结状态对柱孔扩张后孔周围的应力和超孔隙水压力产生很大影响,采用考虑K0固结诱发各向异性土体本构模型所得到的应力和超孔隙水压力解答大于修正剑桥模型的解答,但塑性区影响半径却明显小于后者。 相似文献
5.
各向异性初始应力状态下圆柱孔扩张理论弹塑性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
传统的圆柱孔扩张理论假定初始应力为各向同性的。在城市地下管道的铺设、隧道工程等的水平掘进施工过程中,圆柱孔受到的初始竖向应力不等于初始水平应力,并不满足各向同性初始应力条件。考虑土体的各向异性初始应力条件,假定土体满足Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,推导了各向异性初始应力状态下的圆柱孔扩张问题弹塑性解答。算例计算结果表明：土性参数一定时,在相同内压力作用下,各向异性初始应力状态下的圆柱孔扩张形成的塑性区半径大于各向同性初始应力状态下的圆柱孔扩张的塑性区半径,但前者的极限扩孔压力小于后者。 相似文献
6.
我国海域广泛分布有低强度软黏土,其工程特性评价将直接影响风机基础设计和安全运行。孔压静力触探是目前海洋勘察中使用最多的原位测试手段,其优点在于对土体扰动小,缺点在于需要通过解译获取土体参数,而不同地区的解译参数往往存在场地特异性。依托浙江杭州湾嘉兴海域某海上风电工程,开展了室内试验和原位孔压静力触探试验(piezoncone penetration test,简称CPTU),标定得到了适合我国浙江杭州湾海域的淤泥质粉质黏土的CPTU锥尖因子Nkt范围为14.15～30.18,总平均值为20.25。标定结果显示杭州湾海域淤泥质粉质黏土锥尖因子Nkt与孔压比Bq呈现负相关性,而与含水率w、孔隙比e、液限wL、塑限wp、塑性指数Ip呈现正相关性,并得到了Nkt与孔压比Bq和塑性指数Ip的多元回归分析公式。将建立的Nkt关系式应用于临近平湖海域的风电场工程中,结果显示采用含水率... 相似文献
7.
岩土类软化材料的柱形孔扩张统一解问题 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：15
用应力一次跌落应变软化模型来模拟岩土软化材料特性，采用双剪统一强度理论的屈眼函数形式，推导了柱形孔扩张问题应力场及位移场的统一计算公式，分析了不同模型、不同软化程度对柱形孔扩张时应力、位移及塑性区开展规律的影响。 相似文献
8.
基于SMP准则柱孔扩张问题相似解 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以柱孔扩张理论为基础,将柱孔扩张后塑性区半径b作为时间刻度,引入扩孔速度概念,将塑性区内任意一点的应力、应变描述成塑性区半径b和柱孔扩张后扩张体单元距孔心距离r的函数,采用平面应变条件下无黏性土的SMP准则和不相关联流动法则,考虑到无黏性土的剪胀性,推导出柱孔扩张后极限扩张力 的相似解。通过参数分析表明,土体强度和剪胀性对塑性区半径和极限扩张力产生很大的影响,即随着土体强度和剪胀性的增加,极限扩张力明显增加,相应塑性区半径却随之减小。通过与基于摩尔-库仑准则解答进行对比分析表明,考虑中间主应力影响的SMP准则所得到的极限扩张力明显高于基于摩尔-库仑准则的解答。该解答为无黏性土中进行静力触探（CPT）试验和静压桩等岩土工程问题提供必要的理论依据。 相似文献
9.
采用桩筏基础的高层建筑倾斜后，常采用竖向孔掏土进行地应力解除实现纠倾，工程设计与施工依据经验进行，缺乏理论指导。将一定深度处的竖向孔孔周应力重分布问题简化为平面应变问题，采用摩尔?库仑强度条件推导了塑性区半径的解析解。该解析解表明，塑性半径随土体抗剪参数的降低而增大，随掏土孔半径的增大而增大，随地应力的增大而增大。结合解析解的表达式，探讨了存在地下水、注水、抽水、循环掏土扰动等因素对塑性区半径的影响。最后用数值分析方法对该解析解进行模拟验证，表明公式的正确性与适用性。该研究成果对纠倾工程的设计与施工具有积极的指导作用。 相似文献
10.
对基坑开挖影响范围内土体的应力路径进行平面应变试验离散元数值模拟,以研究结构性与卸荷形式对坑周土体宏微观力学特性的影响。首先,将一个描述土颗粒间胶结效应的简单三维胶结接触模型植入三维离散元软件PFC3D;其次,对初始K0固结状态的重塑土、结构性土试样分别进行常规三轴以及平面应变条件下4种不同卸荷应力路径的离散元模拟;最后,对经历不同卸荷形式的坑底土体单元进行再加荷模拟。模拟结果表明,在卸荷过程中,被动区土体峰值强度以及破坏时竖向应变随卸荷比增大而增大,且其强度小于主动区土体强度;在卸荷、再加荷过程中,被动区土体峰值强度随卸荷比增大而增大,但均小于不卸荷而直接加荷条件下的峰值强度;由于结构性的存在,土体由应变硬化向应变软化过渡,且强度增长;结构性与卸荷形式显著影响土体体积改变。在微观尺度,增大卸荷比或结构性均会增大垂直大主应力方向的平面上的法向接触力,进而提高其强度。 相似文献
11.
A fundamental understanding of the factors influencing particle shape is of central importance for optimisation of the output quality from crushing plants for aggregate production. The literature reports that the wear on and setting of a cone crusher influence particle shape, The fact that wear on and the setting of a cone crusher influence particle shape is considered common knowledge and is also reported in the literature. To date, no mathematical model for predicting particle shape has been presented. 相似文献
12.
Use of a resistivity cone for detecting contaminated soil layers 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
A cone-penetration technique was developed to detect contaminated soil layers with electrolytes and NAPLs. In this study, laboratory and field experiments were performed to apply the technique. In the laboratory, the change in resistivity was quantitatively examined by adding salt or oil to soil samples. The results showed that the resistivity measurement was varied with an order of ppm for the electrolyte concentration in soil. It was found that the resistivity of sand increased with increasing oil concentration. The effect of oil content was stronger for lower water content of sand.
The results obtained from field experiments showed that the resistivity cone can be used for detecting the contaminated layer in soils whose background values are known. Particularly, the instrument can be used effectively for examining the effects of remediation, by measuring the resistivity of the ground before and after remediation, unless the soil fabric changes significantly during remediation procedures. 相似文献
13.
The role of collapsing and cone rafting on eruption style changes and final cone morphology: Los Morados scoria cone, Mendoza, Argentina 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karoly Németh Corina Risso Francisco Nullo Gabor Kereszturi 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2011,3(2):102-118
Payún Matru Volcanic Field is a Quaternary monogenetic volcanic field that hosts scoria cones with perfect to breached morphologies. Los Morados complex is a group of at least four closely spaced scoria cones (Los Morados main cone and the older Cones A, B, and C). Los Morados main cone was formed by a long lived eruption of months to years. After an initial Hawaiian-style stage, the eruption changed to a normal Strombolian, conebuilding style, forming a cone over 150 metres high on a northward dipping (～4°) surface. An initial cone gradually grew until a lava flow breached the cone’s base and rafted an estimated 10% of the total volume. A sudden sector collapse initiated a dramatic decompression in the upper part of the feeding conduit and triggered violent a Strombolian style eruptive stage. Subsequently, the eruption became more stable, and changed to a regular Strombolian style that partially rebuilt the cone. A likely increase in magma flux coupled with the gradual growth of a new cone caused another lava flow outbreak at the structurally weakened earlier breach site. For a second time, the unstable flank of the cone was rafted, triggering a second violent Strombolian eruptive stage which was followed by a Hawaiian style lava fountain stage. The lava fountaining was accompanied by a steady outpour of voluminous lava emission accompanied by constant rafting of the cone flank, preventing the healing of the cone. Santa Maria is another scoria cone built on a nearly flat pre-eruption surface. Despite this it went through similar stages as Los Morados main cone, but probably not in as dramatic a manner as Los Morados. In contrast to these examples of large breached cones, volumetrically smaller cones, associated to less extensive lava flows, were able to heal raft/collapse events, due to the smaller magma output and flux rates. Our evidence shows that scoria cone growth is a complex process, and is a consequence of the magma internal parameters (e.g. volatile content, magma flux, recharge, output volume) and external conditions such as inclination of the pre-eruptive surface where they grew and thus gravitational instability. 相似文献
14.
Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data are often used directly in the design of shallow and deep foundations and many other applications. To produce more cost-effective designs, it is advantageous to use CPT data to establish stratigraphic profiles as well. Algorithms to generate a stratigraphic profile using data from an individual CPT sounding and a Soil Behavior Type (SBT) chart as inputs are presented. Two SBT charts from the literature were selected and modified to eliminate ambiguity in soil classification. Novel algorithms were developed for handling the occurrence of thin layers within a stratigraphic profile to account for the fact that the standard CPT cone cannot accurately sense layers with thickness below a certain limit and a representative cone resistance cannot be obtained if the layer is too thin. Likewise, the algorithms prevent the creation of a soil profile with adjacent layers of essentially the same soil by consolidating layers appropriately. The algorithms presented generate a design soil profile, produced using a precise classification based on soil type and state and by elimination of artificial layering, that can be more effectively used in design. 相似文献
15.
近来地震液化灾害频发,再次成为研究重点,发展具有良好应用前景的基于静力触探试验（CPT）的液化判别方法对预防液化灾害具有重要意义。以Boulanger数据库171组数据为回归样本,分析既有方法存在的问题,提出了基于CPT液化判别的双曲线模型和计算公式,并通过提取2011年新西兰地震147组液化新数据,对该方法进行对比检验。研究表明,我国岩土工程勘察规范的CPT液化判别方法对浅埋砂层偏于保守,对深层土又明显偏于危险,而国际上具有代表性的Robertson方法,其液化临界线存在低烈度区不合理回弯、高烈度区又偏于保守的问题。提出的新公式在不同地震动强度和砂层埋深下均可给出合理判别结果,克服了国内外既有方法的缺点,并纳入到具有样板规范性质的《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则》修订稿中,可为我国相关规范修订和工程应用提供支持。 相似文献
16.
圆锥动力触探试验（DCPT）是一种用来预测地基土相对密实度的方法。然而，现有的预测公式主要针对石英土。为解决这一问题，通过现场以及室内模型试验，得到了轻型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。可知相比于石英土，粒径对钙质土贯入指标的影响较为显著。若采用现有公式计算钙质土的相对密实度，得到的数值偏大，结果偏于危险。为了便于工程应用，基于Butterfield改进的量纲分析理论，建立了一种可将不同形式DCPT的贯入指标进行相互转化的方法，实现了轻型与重型动力触探指标之间的相互转换，进而得到了重型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。根据现场重型动力触探试验数据可知，上述关系的计算结果与现场实测结果吻合良好。 相似文献
17.
文章首先介绍了利用克立格插值方法建立地下水数字水位模型的原理,然后在此模型的基础上,按照地下水降落漏斗的基本定义,提出了一种自动化提取降落漏斗的算法。最后通过一个算例的实现,对比地下水等水位线,证明了根据该算法提取的结果较准确地反映了地下水降落漏斗的水文地质含义,科学、客观地表达了水位下降区的空间形态,是数字地下水建设的有益探索。 相似文献
18.
设计了一套静力触探模型箱试验装置,该装置可以在模型箱水平面内任意位置进行贯入试验,贯入速率在一定范围可控,贯入倾角可调节。将该装置用于TJ-1模拟月壤静力触探力学特性的研究,试验结果表明：地基表层模拟月壤发生刺入剪切破坏;贯入阻力随贯入深度的增加而增加;探杆周围同一深度处土体的水平土压力表现出轴对称特征,其值在探头靠近土压力盒过程中逐渐增大至最大值,后随探头远离土压力盒又逐渐减小至0,且不同深度土体水平土压力峰值随贯入深度增加而增大;贯入点正下方土体的垂直土压力随贯入深度的增加而增加,主要影响范围约为距探头200 mm处。基于以上试验研究,表明该模型箱的设计是合理的,且TJ-1模拟月壤力学特性的研究成果能够为将来涉及到TJ-1模拟月壤的航天试验提供必要的技术参考。 相似文献
19.
由于现有静力触探机械设备提供的动力有限,使得静力触探技术无法应用于较硬土层或较深土层中（应力较高）。保证探头顺利平稳地探入较硬土层,是触探技术应用于硬土层的前提条件。通过对旋压式触探时探头上的受力进行分析,推导了不考虑侧壁摩擦力的旋压式触探的总锥尖阻力和扭矩的理论模型,同时也推导了用旋压式触探测试成果计算锥土间摩擦系数的数学模型,并在室内旋压式触探仪上进行相应的试验,试验结果不仅验证了理论分析的正确性,而且试验结果表明：对同一土体制成不同含水率、干重度的试样进行相同的探入速度和旋转速度下的旋压式触探,所得的扭矩与总锥尖阻力呈线性关系。根据数学模型计算的锥土间摩擦系数要比土体的内摩擦系数大得多,但两者具有较明显的一致性。结合土层的各向异性的特点、锥土间的摩阻力的存在等因素分析了旋压式触探方式能够降低总锥尖阻力的原因 相似文献
20.
Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake Jeong-Gi Um 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(2):149-165
The cone tip resistance data available for the clay site at Texas A&M University, USA (one of the National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites) are used to show how the spatial variation of a soil property can be quantified. It is suggested that the first step in quantifying the spatial variation of a soil property should be the identification or selection of the statistically homogeneous soil layers. A new simple procedure is suggested to identify statistically homogeneous layers in a soil profile. Through examples it is shown that the procedure works extremely well in identifying the statistically homogeneous layers. For the chosen statistically homogeneous layers, the spatial variation of cone tip resistance with depth is quantified in terms of a constant mean or a mean trend, variance/standard deviation/coefficient of variation or a variance around the mean trend, and a correlation or variogram function. Correlation distances in the depth direction were found to be between 0.1 and 0.5m for the two soil layers investigated. It was shown that the correlation distance decreases in the presence of a global mean trend for the soil property. In such cases, it is important to note that a part of the correlation is automatically included in the mean trend function. 相似文献