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1.
The paper presents chemical and structural analysis of geopolymer materials which are obtained by alkali-activated calcined clay (metakaolin) originated from Serbia under strictly defined conditions. Characterization of the metakaolin and geopolymers molecular structure has been done using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The paper presents the possibility of obtaining geopolymer structure and differences in chemical and structural characterization of these materials taking into account the concentration of NaOH as a variable parameter. The results of MALDI analysis of metakaolin and synthesized geopolymer structures using various matrix system: 2,4,6 trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic, 2,6 dihydroxyacetophenone and laser desorption/ionization, have shown that THAP matrix is the most appropriate for analysing these aluminosilicate materials.  相似文献   

2.
Melilite and wollastonite from the Colle Fabbri stock contain silicate melt and silicate-carbonate inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of silicate inclusions are within the magmatic temperature range of mantle ultrabasic melts: about 1,320?±?15 °С. Their composition is melilititic and evolves to the composition of leucite tephrite and phonolite. The composition of silicate-carbonate inclusions are high SiO2, Ca-rich, enriched in alkalies and are similar to that of inclusions of carbonatite melts in the minerals of melilitolites of other intrusive ultramafic complexes. They are also similar to the compositions of metasomatized travertine covering the melilitolite stock. The presence of primary silicate and silicate-carbonate inclusions evidences that the melilitite magma from which melilitolites of Colle Fabbri crystallized was associated with carbonatite liquid. This liquid was highly fluidized, mobile and aggressive. Actively interacting with overlying travertine, the liquid enriched them with alkalies, aluminosilicates and incompatible elements, which resulted in the equalization of their compositions. Heterogeneous compositional dominions were formed at the contact between melilitolite and wall pelites. In the minerals of these contact facies high-Si melt inclusions of varying composition have been observed. Their occurrence is related to the local assimilation by the high-temperature melilitite magma of pelitic country rocks. The content of incompatible elements in melilitite melts and melilitolites is higher than the mantle norm and they have peculiar indicator ratios, spectra, Eu/Eu* ratio, which suggest a peculiar mantle source.  相似文献   

3.
The Gejiu tin field in southern China consists of six major deposits and many minor ones containing more than 120 million tons (pre-mining resource) at 1% Sn and significant amounts of Cu, Ag, Zn, and Pb. It is one of the largest tin fields of primary deposits in the world. Mineralization is the result of the intrusion of granitic plutons into Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks, which are dominantly limestone, dolomitic limestone, and dolomite. Five (mostly peraluminous) granitic intrusives (64-115 Ma) are present in the area. The largest orebodies are spatially and temporally related to the Laoka (principally), Beipaotai, and Marsong granites. Tin mineralization is mainly within greisens developed at the outermost zone of a skarn zonal sequence and are mineralogically dominated by fluorite, quartz, and micas.

The deposits are the result of volatile-rich ore solutions that evolved late in the plutonic crystallization history. The solutions produced metamorphic skarns as well as ore skarns, both of which later became “greisenized” skarns. Gejiu is the largest example of what has been, up to now, a style of mineralization reported only in minor amounts.  相似文献   

4.
Mineral assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals foundin impure dolomitic marbles embedded in gneisses and migmatitesof the E. Greenland Caledonian fold belt (Scoresby Sund) suggestthat the marbles were metamorphosed near 630 °C at 5 kbpressure. The analysis of complex textural and mineralogicalrelations among minerals such as dolomite, calcite, forsterite,pargasite, chlorite, spinel, diopside and phlogopite led tothe conclusion that the major mineralogical features of therocks were probably caused by sodium metasomatism at constanttemperature and pressure. The effect of the inferred sodiummetasomatism may be summarized by three schematic reactionsall involving modal changes of excess dolomite, calcite, forsterite,chlorite and spinel: (a) nucleation and growth of pargasite,(b) resorption of phlogopite, and (c) growth of pargasite fromphlogopite.  相似文献   

5.
In order to prepare iron phosphate by waste sludge, we report a method for effective utilization of the sludge obtained from the electrocoagulation treatment of source-separated urine. The sludge was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and pretreated with H2O2 and Na3PO4; finally, NaOH was added to precipitate iron phosphate from the solution. Thermal treatment of the precipitate at 750 °C in air yielded crystalline quartz-like anhydrous FePO4. The precipitate was characterized by a number of thermal techniques such as thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction.  相似文献   

6.
《Lithos》1970,3(4):319-325
The micas come from two pegmatites penetrating serpentinite in Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia. The lepidolite from Biskupice is chemically halfway between polytithionite and trilithionite, and exhibits the 2M1 structure which so far was unknown in natural lepidolites. The optical axial plane is perpendicular to (010). In lepidolite crystals from Radkovice, the 2M2 structure predominates over 1M. The composition is close to trilithionite. The optic axial plane is parallel to (010). Refractive indices, densities, and cell volumes are similar, but the IR absorption spectrum, thermal behaviour, and 2V are different from the corresponding parameters in lepidolite from Biskupice.  相似文献   

7.
利用Griggs型 5GPa高压仪器 ,在柯石英稳定域围压条件下 ( >3GPa)完成大别山超高压榴辉岩流变学实验 ,建立了榴辉岩流变状态本构方程 (流动律 ) : ε=Aexp( -Q/RT)σn ,应力指数 (n)为 3 .4 ,活化能 (Q)为 4 80kJ/mol,结构常数 (A)为 10 3.3.实验结果表明 :( 1)作为两相矿物组成的榴辉岩 ,其流变学强度在很大程度上取决于强相矿物 (石榴石 )和弱相矿物 (绿辉石 )含量比例 ;( 2 )天然榴辉岩塑性变形机制是以位错蠕变为主 ;( 3 )根据实验成果比较榴辉岩和上地幔方辉橄榄岩流变学强度相当 ,两者耦合在大陆深俯冲 10 0km左右深度发生拆沉作用可能性很小 ,与上地幔上隆 (upwelling)作用有关的造山期后伸展作用对超高压岩石折返更具有重要意义 .  相似文献   

8.
The cored sediments sampled by R/V Marion Dufrense in the active margin off southwestern Taiwan on the east side of the Manila Trench are mostly muds consisting mainly of quartz, feldspar, illite, chlorite ＋ kaolinite with a trace amount of montmorillonite. The cored sediments have higher Fe, Ti, Cr, Cs, Li, Ni, and V but lower Ca, Na, Mn, Hf, Nb, Sr, Ta, U and Zr contents when compared with the upper continental crust（UCC, Taylor and McLennan, 1985）. The Eu/Eu＊ ratios of the sediments averaging 0.69 indicate that the recycling effect on the Eu anomaly may be minor and the contribution of mafic source rock was unimportant, which can also be depicted in the La-Th-Sc plot（Cullers, 1994） showing a ＂mixed origin＂ close to the felsic end member. The chemistry of the cored sediment can be explained by a mixing model designed by Ho and Chen（1996） with four end members i.e., greywacke, shale, quartzite and limestone, which are widely distributed in the Cenozoic formations of southern Taiwan with greywacke as the dominant contributor followed by shale.  相似文献   

9.
ＴｈｅｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂａｓａｌｔｔｏｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＭｏｈｏｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙｉｎ 196 0ｓｅｖｅｒｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｂｒｏａｄｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓｔｏｇｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ (ＲｉｎｇｗｏｏｄａｎｄＧｒｅｅｎ ,1996 ;ＧｒｅｅｎａｎｄＲｉｎｇｗｏｏｄ ,1972 ;ＩｔｏａｎｄＫｅｎｎｅｄｙ ,1971;ＫｕｓｈｉｒｏａｎｄＡｏｋｉ,196 8) .Ｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓｌａｔｅｒ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｏｖ ｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏｅｓ…  相似文献   

10.
采用显微观察、红外光谱、可见吸收光谱和低温光致发光谱等分析方法,对9颗俄罗斯高温高压处理钻石样品进行了研究。结果表明,该类钻石样品的内部多见石墨化现象,尤以彩色钻石样品更明显;金黄色、紫红色、黄绿色样品为ⅠaAB型,浅黄色样品为ⅠaB型,近无色样品为Ⅱa型;样品的可见吸收光谱因颜色不同而差异显著,其中金黄色样品可见475 nm处的吸收宽带,紫红色样品可见638,614,595 nm处的吸收峰,黄绿色和浅黄色样品可见415,475,503 nm处的吸收峰,近无色样品则为较光滑的平直曲线。此外,该类样品在低温光致发光谱中可见575 nm与637 nm处强发光峰。这些特征为探讨该类钻石的晶格缺陷与呈色机理提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
为实现4D(时间+空间)多目标、高精度的积雪监测,本次试验研究采用单台相机延时拍摄结合运动结构重建算法(Structure from motion,SfM),分别获取了祁连山黑河上游站裸露山坡坡面尺度单次降雪的雪深、逐日积雪空间分布和面积,以及祁连山八一冰川1.5m×1.5m的斑块尺度全年雪深及雪面特征数据。坡面尺度积雪观测研究表明:本方法可以准确获取积雪分布信息,但其雪深空间分布获取精度较差。斑块尺度雪深监测研究表明:本方法能够很好地获取连续的雪面特征信息和雪深,且获取雪深与SR50观测雪深的绝对误差小于3.4cm。在不同季节,本方法对积雪监测能力略有差异:春季快速积累期雪面纹理少,照片组对齐并获取点云数据和DEM数据的成功率较低,而冬季和消融季雪面纹理丰富,相应的对齐成功率比例和精度较高。本研究表明基于单台相机的4D摄影测量方法能够实现小范围、连续、高精度、多目标的积雪监测,未来应用前景广泛。  相似文献   

12.
Radiocarbon dates on pedogenic CaCO3, accumulated at various depths in a stabilised dune at Budha Pushkar, Rajasthan, show inversion with respect to ‘stratigraphy’. Occurrence of younger carbonates overlain by older ones at various levels, is interpreted in terms of a shift in climatic conditions causing pedogenic carbonates to be leached to greater depths. Based on this model, several wetter regions during the last 6000 years have been identified. The most significant shift from a dry to a wet phase seems to have taken place between 5000 and 4500 years ago. Conclusions drawn from this study is in agreement with that based on pollen data and extends this method as a potential palaeoclimatic indicator.  相似文献   

13.
A semi-analytical solution has been derived for predicting the time of emptying a pond due to seepage. The time for the seeping water to reach the water table since the pond was initially filled has been calculated applying the Green-Ampt infiltration theory. The recharge rate after the wetting front joins the water table has been computed using a non-linear relationship between seepage head and recharge rate proposed by earlier investigators. The maximum rise in the water table beneath the center of the pond consequent to the time-varying recharge is calculated applying kernel coefficients obtained from solution of the linearized Boussinesq equation. It was observed that a pond with 50-m initial diameter at the water surface and 3-m maximum depth of water is dry after 168 days, where the subsoil is sandy clay. If the subsoil happens to be clay, the depth of water in the pond at the end of 9 months, i.e., after completion of the non-monsoon period, is 0.62 m. The maximum mound heights beneath the pond for constant recharge rate and uniform recharging area calculated from the present solution compare well with existing numerical as well as analytical solutions.  相似文献   

14.
The analysis of the kinematic properties of the Galactic thick disk based on data from modern catalogs of stellar radial velocities and proper motions is presented. A new aspect of new determination of the kinematic characteristics of the thick disk is that the selected objects define this disk’s properties near the plane of symmetry. The velocity dispersion of stars in the Galactic thick disk in the radial direction and the direction of the Galactic rotation have been determined. The stellar-velocity distribution in the direction of the rotation is asymmetric. The parameters of this asymmetry have been determined, and the lag of the rotational velocity of the thick disk relative to objects in the thin disk estimated. The value of this “asymmetric drift,” about 20 km/s, suggests larger spatial scales for the kinematic characteristics in the radial direction for the Galactic thick disk than for the thin disk.  相似文献   

15.
罗泽娇  李龙媛  余江 《地球科学》2015,40(5):933-940
为探索低浓度乙醇溶液中氯苯(Chlorobenzene,简称CB)在土壤中的迁移行为,以武汉市某化工厂受CB污染土壤为研究对象,设计正交试验,开展了淋洗条件筛选、最佳条件的验证和解吸动力学研究3组实验.优化出的最佳淋洗条件为常温、液土比(mL/g)为25∶1、淋洗液中乙醇体积浓度为10%、淋洗时间为2 h;在最优淋洗条件下,CB的提取率为90%;且CB解吸规律符合Freundlich吸附模型.以低浓度乙醇为淋洗剂修复受CB污染土壤,不仅可实现污染土壤修复的目标,同时还能够保留土壤功能,避免造成二次污染.   相似文献   

16.
AOYA  MUTSUKI 《Journal of Petrology》2001,42(7):1225-1248
Both structural and petrological data can be used to constrainthe P–T path of an eclogitic schist unit (the Seba basicschist) in the Sambagawa belt of SW Japan. The relationshipsbetween these two sets of data are well defined by porphyroblasticand other microstructures. The derived P–T path for theSeba basic schist has an overall clockwise trajectory with thedecompression, or exhumation-related, path taking place undera lower P/T gradient than the burial, or subduction-related,path. The clockwise nature of the P–T path is qualitativelysupported by chemical zoning of amphibole coexisting with eclogiticminerals. The significant feature of the P–T path is thepresence of two temperature maxima, the first in the eclogitefacies and the second in the epidote-amphibolite facies. Theexistence of two temperature maxima gives a simple explanationfor the observation that metamorphic zonal boundaries postdatingthe eclogite facies metamorphism cross-cut the distributionof the main eclogite bodies in the Sambagawa belt. Estimatesof metamorphic pressure using the jadeite content of clinopyroxenein the Seba area demonstrate the existence of a tectonic discontinuitybetween the eclogitic schist and surrounding non-eclogitic schist.Structural studies show that although these two units have experiencedvery different peak metamorphic conditions, they became juxtaposedduring a single ductile deformation affecting both units. Thisdeformation is related to exhumation of the eclogitic schistand subduction of the non-eclogitic schist, indicating thatboth were formed during the same subduction event. The presenceof a major tectonic boundary between two units with a similarorigin as subducted and accreted material, but contrasting metamorphichistories, can be interpreted in terms of nappe tectonics, andthe existence of an ‘eclogite nappe’, the thirdnappe of the Sambagawa belt, is proposed. KEY WORDS: deformation stage; dual thermal maxima; eclogite; P–T–D path; Sambagawa belt  相似文献   

17.
The results of simultaneous multifrequency observations of giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar, PSR B0531+21, at 23, 111, and 600 MHz are presented and analyzed. Giant pulses were detected at a frequency as low as 23 MHz for the first time. Of the 45 giant pulses detected at 23 MHz, 12 were identified with counterparts observed simultaneously at 600 MHz. Of the 128 giant pulses detected at 111 MHz, 21 were identified with counterparts observed simultaneously at 600 MHz. The spectral indices for the power-law frequency dependence of the giant-pulse energies are from ?3.1 to ?1.6. The mean spectral index is ?2.7 ± 0.1 and is the same for both frequency combinations (600–111 MHz and 600–23 MHz). The large scatter in the spectral indices of the individual pulses and the large number of unidentified giant pulses suggest that the spectra of the individual giant pulses do not actually follow a simple power law. The observed shapes of the giant pulses at all three frequencies are determined by scattering on interstellar plasma inhomogeneities. The scatter-broadening of the pulses and its frequency dependence were determined as τ sc = 20(ν/100)?3.5±0.1 ms, where frequency ν is in MHz.  相似文献   

18.
 Leaching of two contrasting types of sulphidic tailings in humidity cells has been performed. The release of heavy metals and the oxidation rate have been studied. Tailings from the Laver mine contain a few percent sulphides and lack carbonates, whereas tailings from the Stekenjokk mine are both sulphide- and carbonate-rich. The results showed that in the leachates from the Laver samples, the metal concentrations increased and pH decreased with time, indicating an increased oxidation rate. In the Stekenjokk samples, pH remained high during the experiment, thereby keeping the metal concentrations low in the leachates. The oxidation rate also decreased with time, probably due to Fe-hydroxide coatings on sulphide surfaces. The results show that addition of carbonates and the maintenance of a high pH not only reduce the solubility of heavy metals, but also decrease the oxidation rate of sulphides. Received: 20 January 1998 · Accepted: 2 April 1998  相似文献   

19.
Development of various slime gravity equipment is traced and the merits and demerits of these are discussed and compared.The significance of the design and operational variables and their interrelationships are examined. Emphasis is placed upon the necessity to selectively modify the particle surfaces in order to achieve selective aggregation in conjunction with selective dispersion, in slime gravity concentration. The significance of the deck roughness and the insignificance of the viscosity under the conditions which would normally prevail in slime gravity processes are noted.The possibility of having slime gravity circuits for feeds with a top size of about 45–53 μm only is stressed and selected examples of plant flowsheets are given.  相似文献   

20.
Belemnites are valuable strain markers and can be used to determine the elongation that has been suffered by the matrix in which they are situated. Experiments simulating the development of stretched belemnites have been performed to verify their deformation history. The analysis of the experimental results is used in the interpretation of field examples collected from Leytron, Valais, Switzerland. The amount of strain suffered by Leytron belemnites has been evaluated using the “least square” method and the result has been compared with that obtained by the “average elongation” method. The relationship between the final orientation of the whole specimen (θ′b) and that of the fragments (θ′f) demonstrates that the Leytron belemnites have suffered an irrotational type of deformation.  相似文献   

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