共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
青藏铁路普通路基下部冻土变化分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
高温高含冰量冻土地区,青藏铁路采取了冷却路基、降低多年冻土温度的工程措施.然而青藏铁路仍有大量路段未采用任何工程措施,因此修筑普通路基后冻土变化也是普遍关心的问题.根据青藏铁路普通路基下部土体温度监测的近期结果,分析了季节冻土区、已退化多年冻土区和多年冻土区路基下部冻土变化特征.结果表明,不同区域修筑普通路基,其下部土体温度、最大季节冻结深度、多年冻土上限等存在较大的差异.在季节冻土和已退化多年冻土区,右路肩下部(阴坡)已形成冻土隔年层;在多年冻土强烈退化区,其路基下部形成融化夹层;在高温多年冻土区,其路基下部上限存在抬升和下降,上限附近土体温度有升高的趋势.在低温多年冻土区,其路基下部上限全部抬升,上限附近土体存在"冷量"积累,有利于路基下部多年冻土热稳定性.因此,低温多年冻土区修筑普通路基后,冻土变化基本是向着有利于路基稳定性的方向发展,在其它地段修筑普通路基,冻土变化是向着不利于路基稳定性的方向发展的.特别是阴阳坡太阳辐射差异,导致了土体热状态和多年冻土上限形态产生较大的差异,这种差异将会对路基稳定性产生一定的影响. 相似文献
2.
Across the pond: container shipping on the North Atlantic in the era of globalisation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brian Slack 《GeoJournal》1999,48(1):9-14
This paper describes the development of containerisation in one of the most important theatres of maritime trade, the North
Atlantic. As the original hearth of containerisation, it has been an area of experimentation and evolution for a technology
that has burst around the world. Although over the last decade the Atlantic has been superceded by the Pacific Ocean as the
major market focus for containers, it still is an important market arena. The emergence of global shipping networks is tending
to favour the Atlantic once again. The paper provides an analysis of these recent developments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
河蚬是原产于我国和东南亚地区的一种淡水双壳类底栖动物,极强的环境适应能力使其在世界越来越多的淡水环境中成为优势动物种类,为研究生物对环境变化的适应性提供了一个范例。壳体是河蚬适应外部环境的重要器官,长期以来被认为由文石矿物组成。通过对我国黄河下游、淮河流域、长江和西江流域河蚬壳体显微结构观察和矿物成分X射线衍射分析,我们发现文石仅占壳体矿物质平均组成的95.5%,其余为方解石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石等,平均含量各为1%左右。壳体棱柱层和薄片层中文石矿物的含量也存在系统差异,后者高出前者11%左右。河蚬壳体相同部位棱柱层文石含量表现出显著的区域变化特征,淮河和长江流域文石含量较高,分别达到96.1%和97.8%。而汉水和西江流域壳体中文石矿物含量较低,平均分别为94.5%和94.2%。黄河下游和珠江流域的数据较少,但已有数据显示前者文石含量低至92.7%而后者高达98.4%。壳体文石矿物含量的变化与区域气候变化和环境污染之间存在较好的对应关系,是河蚬适应环境变化的结果。本研究结果有助于在全球变化背景下利用生物的适应特点保护陆地水环境的生物多样性。 相似文献
4.
Security and the future: Anticipating the event of terror 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ben Anderson 《Geoforum》2010,41(2):227-235
This paper explores the relation between processes of security and futurity in the context of efforts to govern the complexity and contingency of events of terror. It argues that processes of securing function by generating a dangerous or promissory supplement to the present that thereafter propels the extension of forms of security. The paper develops this argument through an example of how an event of terror was anticipated: a RAND exercise into the aftermath of a ‘ground burst’ nuclear explosion in Long Beach, California on March 14th 2005. It argues that exercises (in)secure through three quasi-causal operations, each of which render events of terror actionable and result in specific relations between the present and future. First, ‘hypothetically possible’ generic events are named. The future takes place as a threatening horizon. Second, the defined phases of an event’s happening are staged (an advent, its multiplication into a crisis in the context of a milieu, and a response/recovery phase). The here and now is suspended between an ‘as if’ future and the present. Third, the consequences of the event are played. The future is both an intensified ‘practical’ presence embodied by exercise participants and an outside that exceeds attempts to definitively know it. The conclusion summarises the implications of the paper for work on futurity, security and the event. 相似文献
5.
关键层对上覆岩层的变形起控制作用并与受其直接控制的岩层形成组合梁结构协调变形,依此原理可算得将关键层视为四边简支的弹性薄板时板中面承受的均布荷载,因此可用关键层的变形代替组合梁结构的变形。将承受等效荷载时缓慢下沉的关键层视为平衡体系,依据平衡体系势能最小的原理求得注浆前后关键层的最大挠度和最大拉应力的方向。离层注浆是控制地表变形的有效方法,注浆前后地表的沉陷变形与关键层的挠曲变形密切相关,在忽略表土层对沉陷起弱化作用的前提下可用注浆前后关键层最大挠度的变化间接的反映离层注浆的减沉效果。通过该理论计算得出的减沉值和实测数据较为接近,验证了采用最小势能原理进行注浆前后关键层挠度值计算的可行性。为关键层注浆前后的挠度计算和注浆减沉的效果评价提供了新的方法和思路。 相似文献
6.
四川盆地深层海相碳酸盐岩气藏成藏模式 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
四川盆地深层碳酸盐岩气藏主要指中三叠统雷口坡组及更老层位海相碳酸盐岩为储层形成的气藏,一般(曾)埋深在4500m之下,按类型可分为原生气藏(生气中心、储气中心和保气中心位于同一层位内)和次生气藏(生气中心、储气中心与保气中心位于不同层位)2类。原生气藏储层内含有大量沥青, 天然气主要为原油裂解气。次生气藏储层内不含沥青, 但天然气仍然主要为原油裂解气。原生气藏的成藏模式有三中心叠合模式、储气中心解体模式、三中心短距离移位模式和缺乏保气中心模式。次生气藏的成藏模式主要以天然气跨层运移为主要特征, 其气源来自于先存的天然气藏。三中心叠合模式的原油裂解气成藏效率最高,储气中心解体模式的原油裂解气成藏效率中等,三中心短距离移位模式和次生气藏形成模式的原油裂解气成藏效率较低,保气中心缺乏模式的原油裂解气成藏效率为零。因此,在勘探策略上应重视三中心叠合和储气中心解体模式形成的原生气藏的勘探,同时应关注由震旦系灯影组古气藏(储气中心)破坏而形成的下古生界次生气藏。 相似文献
7.
Jo Thomas 《Geology Today》2004,20(4):149-152
Famously, geology is on our doorstep, and an understanding of the geology of everyday things helps us communicate to those for whom it is a closed subject. The stone bridges of the River Stour from Stourhead to Christchurch in southern England are a topic worthy of study and rewarding as an example of the variety of the geology of this part of England. 相似文献
8.
Edward R. Carr 《GeoJournal》2005,62(1):71-83
Over the past two decades development has been shifting its focus toward smaller scales and particular problems. As a result, the household has become an increasingly important institution for development, and has come under increased scrunity as development practitioners and scholars seek to better understand this institution’s functions and foundations, trying to ‘get the household right’. These efforts, rather than clarifying the character and the function of the household, have contributed to its indeterminacy by reifying the very institution they seek to analyse. Arguing that these efforts fundamentally miss the point of examining the household, this paper introduces a different framework of analysis that addresses the household not as a fixed object of research, but as a local construction that embodies flows of power and knowledge both within and transcending the local. Using the example of varying constructions of the household in two villages in Ghana’s Central Region, this article illustrates how such an approach allows us to address the various functions of the household as particular embodiments of these flows, an approach that better explains the endurance or ephemerality of these functions. Such an approach provides a stronger foundation for the consideration of how particular constructions of this institution may have troubling implications for issues like gender equity and sustainability. 相似文献
9.
Dolgikh G. I. Novotryasov V. V. Yaroshchuk I. O. Permyakov M. S. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,479(1):379-383
The results of field observations of an internal undular bore that were performed in a coastal zone of constant depth in the Sea of Japan are presented. A hydrodynamic model of undular bores is discussed according to which the recorded disturbances of the water medium are an experimental prototype of strongly nonlinear (intense) internal undular bores on the pycnocline of shelf waters of Peter the Great Bay with an intensity close to the limit.
相似文献10.
探讨在工程(包括城市)控制网建立之前,几种投影面及投影带的可能选择,也就是坐标系统的选择,这在测绘技术设计工作中具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
11.
Andrew R. Solow 《Mathematical Geology》1993,25(1):53-57
A common problem in geostatistics is to determine whether or not the value of a random field at an unsampled location exceeds a specified threshold using observed values of the random field at sampled locations. Under the indicator approach, the only information used to classify the unobserved value is whether or not the observed values exceed the threshold. This note shows that the loss of information from applying the indicator approach may be modest in the case where the underlying random field is Gaussian. 相似文献
12.
13.
Michel Ballèvre Valérie Bosse Céline Ducassou Pavel Pitra 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(2-3):174-201
The Armorican Massif (western France) provides an excellent record of the Palaeozoic history of the Variscan belt. Following the Late Neoproterozoic Cadomian orogeny, the Cambro-Ordovician rifting was associated with oceanic spreading. The Central- and North-Amorican domains (which together constitute the core of the Armorica microplate) are bounded by two composite suture zones. To the north, the Léon domain (correlated with the “Normannian High” and the “Mid-German Crystalline Rise” in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone) records the development of a nappe stack along the northern suture zone, and was backthrusted over the central-Armorican domain during the Carboniferous. To the south, an intermediate block (“Upper Allochthon”) records a complex, polyorogenic history, with an early high-temperature event followed by the first generation of eclogites (Essarts). This intermediate block overthrusts to the north the Armorica microplate (Saint-Georges-sur-Loire), to the south: (i) relics of an oceanic domain; and (ii) the Gondwana palaeomargin. The collision occurred during a Late Devonian event, associated with a second generation of eclogites (Cellier). 相似文献
14.
Marek Kacewicz 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(1):111-118
This paper presents an approach to solve the kriging problem, defined in terms of projections, by using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization allows us to find an optimal approximationY* in then-dimensional subspaceH
n
of any vectorY element of a Hilbert spaceH. This approach requiresO(n
3) multiplication operations to obtain an orthogonal basis, andO(n
2) multiplications needed to calculate kriging solution for a given point. 相似文献
15.
PeterD.Kafumu 《《幕》》2004,27(2):107-111
Micromorphological characteristics of four paleosol levels of the Manonga - Wembere deposits in Central Tanzania indicate periods of wetter climate in the Pliocene than at present. The stratigraphy of the studied section shows a series of lacustrine calcareous clay sediments alternating with gravel, sand and silt. The sediments are believed to have been deposited in the Manonga - Wembere paleolake environment. Paleosols intercalate these sediments and were formed when stable landscapes developed on former lake beds during regression periods. Micromorphological features of the paleosols indicate strong clay illuviation of red to yellow typic clay coating and some Fe-Mn hydoxide hypocoatings in voids and channels. The groundmass consists of either an accumulation of bioturbated yellow to red clay coating fragments or an argillic red to yellow groundmass of clay mass. Such an illuviation and its associated groundmass is comparable to intense clay illuviation fronts that are found in present-day calcareous sediments of warm and wet climates. The paleosol levels therefore represent wetter climatic conditions than today in the area during the Lower Pliocene. 相似文献
16.
M. Mitsumoto B. Jahanara T. Matsuda K. Oka D. V. Bisikalo E. Yu. Kilpio H. M. J. Boffin A. A. Boyarchuk O. A. Kuznetsov 《Astronomy Reports》2005,49(11):884-891
The results of three-dimensional modeling of the flow structure in the classical symbiotic system Z Andromedae are presented. Outbursts in systems of this type occur when the accretion rate exceeds the upper limit of the steady-burning range. Therefore, in order to realize the transition from a quiescent to an active state, it is necessary to find a mechanism capable of sufficiently increasing the accretion rate on the time scales typical for outburst development. Our calculations provide support for a mechanism for the transition from quiescence to outburst in classical symbiotic systems suggested earlier based on two-dimensional calculations (Bisikalo et al., 2002). Our results show that an accretion disk forms in the system for a wind velocity of 20 km s?1. The accretion rate for the solution with the disk is ～22.5–25% of the mass-loss rate of the donor, which is ～4.5?5 × 10?8M⊙ yr?1 for Z And. This value is in agreement with the steady-burning range for the white-dwarf masses usually accepted for this system. When the wind velocity increases from 20 to 30 km s?1, the accretion disk is destroyed and the disk material falls onto the accretor surface. This process is followed by an approximately twofold jump in the accretion rate. The resulting growth in the accretion rate is sufficient so as to exceed the upper limit of the steady-burning range, thus bringing the system into an active state. The time during which the accretion rate is above the steady-burning value is in very good agreement with observations. Our analysis leads us to conclude that small variations in the donor wind velocity can lead to the transition from disk accretion to wind accretion and, as a consequence, to the transition from a quiescent to an active state in classical symbiotic stars. 相似文献
17.
K. Benzzi B. Tanouti M. Bouabdelli A. Alvarez J. L. Brianso F. Cherradi 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1283-1288
Like the majority of the Mediterranean monuments, the monumental Bab Agnaou gate is covered by a patina having an ochre brown
hue. The petrological and mineralogical studies of this patina using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, grazing
incidence X-ray diffraction and electronic scan microscopy made it possible to determine its nature. It is about an artificial
patina containing lime and clays, its colour is attributed to earth pigment. The experimental result and some rare historical
documents made it possible to specify that the application of this patina goes back to the 1930s during the restoration work
carried out at this time. 相似文献
18.
In this paper a finite element formulation for a linear viscoelastic ageing material is developed. It is shown that these equations can be solved in the from of an eigenvalue expansion thus reducing the problem to the solution of a set of Volterra Integral equations. An alternative method of solution based on expansion in terms of an operator related to Poisson's ratio is also developed and this solution method is found to significantly reduce the computational effort necessary in the solution of aproblem. 相似文献
19.
20.
Yanghui Zhao Shaoru Yin Jiabiao Li Jie Zhang Hanghang Ding 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):955-969
ABSTRACT The volume of seamounts is an essential indicator of the intensity of mantle convection during the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Drilling and dredging samples suggest volcanic seamounts are widely distributed in the oceanic basin of the South China Sea, and most of them were formed after cessation of seafloor spreading. By using an SRTM15_PLUS Digital Elevation Model with a 15-arc-second grid, we developed a spatial filtering method based on the Top Hat Transform to extract seamounts. With a combined analysis of basalt dating results from previous studies and gravity anomaly data, an accurate estimation of seamount volume and its spatiotemporal distribution have been obtained. In addition to an asymmetric distribution of the seamounts with a larger volume in the northern flank, clusters of seamounts can be observed at certain locations in the abyssal plain. Due to the consistency between the distribution of the seamount volume and the seafloor spreading features in the South China Sea basin, we propose the ridge jump may induce additional partial melting zones which account for the larger number of seamounts developed in the northern flank while the re-orientation of the extension during seafloor spreading dominated the distribution of post-spreading magmatism. Similar to other marginal basins, magmas formed by spontaneous partial melting would migrate through weak lithosphere where the extension direction changed, resulting in post-spreading magmatism in those lithospheric weak zones. 相似文献