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1.
上扬子地台南缘不同沉积相区上泥盆统和下石炭统沉积层序之对比 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
层序的空间分布是否具有全球性,地史时期海平面变化是否具有全球等时一致性,是层序地层学的根本问题。上扬子地台南缘不同沉积相区上泥盆统和下石炭统沉积层序研究表明,不同级别的层序具有特定的空间分布和对比范围,虽然形成各种级别层序的海平面变化基本上是全球性的。本文把空间分布,特别是在不同沉积相区的分布作为定义和识别各种级别层序的一个标准。正层序（ 三级层序） 的分布可能是全球性的,至少可以在同一大陆边缘的不同相区辨认,并能进行远距离对比,有些甚至可以进行全球对比。一般来说,亚层序（ 四级层序,时间间隔0.5 M a～ 1.5 M a） 在不同的沉积相区对比比较困难,虽然有些亚层序的空间分布也可以是全球性的。亚层序至少应当在一个沉积相带内可以普遍识别和对比。更高级的层序,包括副层序（ 五级层序,即Wang 和 Shi 1996 年使用的亚层序） 和小层序（ 六级层序） 的分布是区域性的或地区性的,它们可能分别反映米兰柯维奇旋回的长周期和短周期。正层序和亚层序一般可在不同沉积相区识别,而副层序和小层序一般仅能在浅海相区识别,在斜坡和盆地相区则不易辨认。 相似文献
2.
华北地台中寒武统张夏组上部高频层序研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
根据华北地台东部寒武系露头层序地层研究,将张夏组划分为两个正层序,其中上部正层序（５３０－５２５ＭａＢ．Ｐ．,三叶虫带Ａｍｐｈｏｔｏｎ－Ｔａｉｔｚｕｉａ带至Ｄａｍｅｓｅｌａ带）由４个亚层序和１７－２３个小层序组成,其中正层序和亚层序具有高分辨率区域地层对比意义。每一级层序均表现为向上变浅和变粗进积型序列,底部常以间断－加深面或洪泛面为界。该时期的海平面变化具有高频振荡特点,构成一个三级复合海平面变化旋回。由不同级别层序所反映的海平面变化旋回可以分别与天文周期的奥特周期（２—５Ｍａ）、米兰科维奇长周期（０．１—０．４Ｍａ）和米兰科维奇短周期（０．０２—０．０４Ｍａ）相对比。据层序地层和相序及相模式的研究,识别出６种类型的小层序,陆棚盆地至上缓坡显示出由Ａ—Ｆ类型的规律性变化。 相似文献
3.
Mohammad Ali Kavoosi 《Geological Journal》2016,51(4):523-544
Upper Callovian to Tithonian (late Jurassic) sediments represent an important hydrocarbon reservoir in the Kopet‐Dagh Basin, NE Iran. These deposits consist mainly of limestone, dolostone, and calcareous mudstone with subordinate siliciclastic interbeds. Detailed field surveys, lithofacies and facies analyses at three outcrop sections were used to investigate the depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Middle to Upper Jurassic interval in the central and western areas of the basin. Vertical and lateral facies changes, sedimentary fabrics and structures, and geometry of carbonate bodies resulted in recognition of various carbonate facies related to tidal flats, back‐barrier lagoon, shelf‐margin/shelf‐margin reef, slope and deep‐marine facies belts. These facies were accompanied by interbedded beach and deep marine siliciclastic petrofacies. Field surveys, facies analysis, parasequences stacking patterns, discontinuity surfaces, and geometries coupled with relative depth variation, led to the recognition of six third‐order depositional sequences. The depositional history of the study areas can be divided into two main phases. These indicate platform evolution from a rimmed‐shelf to a carbonate ramp during the late Callovian–Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian–Tithonian intervals, respectively. Significant lateral and vertical facies and thickness changes, and results obtained from regional correlation of the depositional sequences, can be attributed to the combined effect of antecedent topography and differential subsidence related to local tectonics. Moreover, sea‐level changes must be regarded as a major factor during the late Callovian–Tithonian interval. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
海平面变化全球可比性的可靠例证--上扬子地台东南缘奥陶纪层序地层及海平面变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对上扬子地台东南缘奥陶纪碳酸盐台地、台缘斜坡和盆地三个不同相区典型剖面的沉积学、生物地层学及岩石地层学等方面的综合研究,在该地区奥陶系中识别出时限为2～ 5 M a的18个正层序和相应的19次海退事件,将其与塔里木、华北及北美、澳洲等大陆对比结果表明,上扬子地台东南缘奥陶纪的绝大部分三级以上海退事件及沉积层序有着良好的全球可比性。 相似文献
5.
华南上泥盆统和下石炭统层序地层学 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文把华南法门阶上部和杜内阶分为４个层序，自下而上依次命名为ＳＱ０、ＳＱ１、ＳＱ２和ＳＱ３。其中ＳＱ０属斯图年阶（Ｓｔｒｕｎｉａｎ）（泥盆系最顶部），其余３个层序归杜内阶。这４个层序可以与欧美等地同期的层序进行对比，表明当时的海平面升降变化及其由此而产生的沉积层序具有全球的一致性。层序地层学、生物地层学和事件地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ－Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ界线一致的泥盆－石炭系界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带顶界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。因此建议以Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｕｒａｌｉｎａ间隔带中最明显的一个海进面，即ＳＱ１的海进体系域的底界作为华南浅海相区泥盆－石炭系界线。这条界线与泥盆－石炭纪之交海退事件层的顶界正好一致，大致相当于Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｕｒａｌｉｎａ组合带底部。 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地K2-E旋回层序与海平面变化 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
塔里木盆地西南缘K2-E海相含碳酸盐岩地层中可识别出七种类型的高频旋回层序,主要有潮下缓坡型、台地型、台地边缘型碳酸盐旋回层序及以碎屑岩为主的潮间－潮上型旋回层序。平面上,不同类型高频旋回层序成为特定古地理背景下台地碳酸盐沉积体系、滨岸沉积体系和冲积沉积体系沉积层序的代表。纵向上,各类高频旋回层序的有序叠加,其类型的变化反映了沉积环境、沉积相的演变过程。研究结果表明,研究区各类高频旋回层序下部单元至上部单元微相的转变是受高频率海平面变化的影响,低频率海平面升降控制了高频旋回层序的叠加形式,造成沉积环境由下至上滨岸→碳酸盐台地→滨岸→河流的变化。正是由于不同周期海平面变化旋回的叠加形成了塔里木盆地西南缘K2-E的复合海平面变化旋回层序。 相似文献
7.
扬子板块石炭纪沉积层序及其全球性对比研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
通过对石炭纪扬子板块内部、扬子板块与华北板块及扬子板块与欧美板块之间的不同级别沉积层序对比研究，编制了扬子板块、华北板块和欧美板块石炭纪的海平面变化曲线。在扬子板块内部，上、下扬子区２级沉积层序可以进行对比，但下扬子区海进和海岸上超滞后于上扬子区，由于资料的限制，３级沉积层序的对比还有困难；华北板块Ｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａ－Ｆｕｓｕｌｉｎｅｌａ带内的一个３级沉积层序和Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｅｕｄｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带内的四个３级沉积层序，可以和扬子板块同期的３级沉积层序对比；扬子板块和北美中大陆不仅３级沉积层序可以对比，而且在晚石炭世Ｇｚｈｅｌｉａｎ期４级沉积层序也可以进行对比，但由于它们大地构造背景的差异，导致沉积层序组成内容的不同。上述对比结果被认为是冰川型全球海平面变化所形成全球沉积记录同时性的证据。并以冰期与非冰期、联合古陆形成前后等方面对相同板块内和不同板块间沉积层序的数量和级别的异同原因进行了探讨，认为石炭纪冈瓦纳大陆冰川消长是控制全球海平面变化的主要因素，因此，沉积层序应具全球同时性和可对比性，但局部沉积条件差异也将影响沉积层序组成。 相似文献
8.
JOSÉ F. GARCÍA-HIDALGO JAVIER GIL MANVEL SEGURA CARMEN DOMÍNGUEZ† 《Sedimentology》2007,54(6):1245-1271
The Late Cenomanian–Mid Turonian succession in central Spain is composed of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in a variety of coastal and marine shelf environments (alluvial plain–estuarine, lagoon, shoreface, offshore‐hemipelagic and carbonate ramp). Three depositional sequences (third order) are recognized: the Atienza, Patones and El Molar sequences. The Patones sequence contains five fourth‐order parasequence sets, while a single parasequence set is recognized in the Atienza and El Molar sequences. Systems tracts can be recognized both in the sequences and parasequence sets. The lowstand systems tracts (only recognized for Atienza and Patones sequences) are related to erosion and sequence boundary formation. Transgressive systems tracts are related to marine transgression and shoreface retreat. The highstand systems tracts are related to shoreface extension and progradation, and to carbonate production and ramp progradation. Sequences are bounded by erosion or emergence surfaces, whose locations are supported by mineralogical analyses and suggest source area reactivation probably due to a fall in relative sea‐level. Transgressive surfaces are subordinate erosion and/or omission surfaces with a landward facies shift, interpreted as parasequence set boundaries. The co‐existence of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments and environments occurred as facies mixing or as distinct facies belts along the basin. Mixed facies of coastal areas are composed of detrital quartz and clays derived from the hinterland, and dolomite probably derived from bioclastic material. Siliciclastic flux to coastal areas is highly variable, the maximum flux postdates relative sea‐level falls. Carbonate production in these areas may be constant, but the final content is a function of changing inputs in terrigenous sediments and carbonate content diminishes through a dilution effect. Carbonate ramps were detached from the coastal system and separated by a fringe of offshore, fine‐grained muds and silts as distinct facies belts. The growth of carbonate ramp deposits was related to the highstand systems tracts of the fourth‐order parasequence sets. During the growth of these ramps, some sediment starvation occurred basinwards. Progradation and retrogradation of the different belts occur simultaneously, suggesting a sea‐level control on sedimentation. In the study area, the co‐existence of carbonate and siliciclastic facies belts depended on the superimposition of different orders of relative sea‐level cycles, and occurred mainly when the second‐order, third‐order and fourth‐order cycles showed highstand conditions. 相似文献
9.
Tectonic, eustatic and environmental controls on mid-Cretaceous carbonate platform deposition, south-central Pyrenees, Spain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cenomanian–Turonian strata of the south‐central Pyrenees in northern Spain contain three prograding carbonate sequences that record interactions among tectonics, sea level, environment and sediment fabric in controlling sequence development. Sequence UK‐1 (Lower to Upper Cenomanian) contains distinct lagoonal, back‐margin, margin, slope and basin facies, and was deposited on a broad, flat shelf adjacent to a deep basin. The lack of reef‐constructing organisms resulted in a gently dipping ramp morphology for the margin and slope. Sequence UK‐2 (Upper Cenomanian) contains similar shallow‐water facies belts, but syndepositional tectonic modification of the margin resulted in a steep slope and deposition of carbonate megabreccias. Sequence UK‐3 (Lower to Middle Turonian) records a shift from benthic to pelagic deposition, as the shallow platform was drowned in response to a eustatic sea‐level rise, coupled with increased organic productivity. Sequences UK‐1 to UK‐3 are subdivided into lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts based on stratal geometries and facies distribution patterns. The same lithologies (e.g. megabreccias) commonly occur in more than one systems tract, indicating that: (1) the depositional system responded to more than just sea‐level fluctuations; and (2) similar processes occurred during different times throughout sequence development. These sequences illustrate the complexity of carbonate platform dynamics that influence sequence architecture. Rift tectonics and flexural subsidence played a major role in controlling the location of the platform margin, maintaining a steep slope gradient through syndepositional faulting, enhancing slope instability and erosion, and influencing depositional processes, stratal relationships and lithofacies distribution on the slope. Sea‐level variations (eustatic and relative) strongly influenced the timing of sequence and parasequence boundary formation, controlled changes in accommodation and promoted platform drowning (in conjunction with other factors). Physico‐chemical and climatic conditions were responsible for reducing carbonate production rates and inducing platform drowning. Finally, a mud‐rich sediment fabric affected platform morphology, growth geometries (aggradation vs. progradation) and facies distribution patterns. 相似文献
10.
根据野外露头、岩心观察及录井、测井资料,研究了柴北缘西段新近系上干柴沟组沉积相类型和沉积特征。结果表明：上干柴沟组发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、辫状河三角洲、湖泊及颗粒流等六种沉积相类型,其中在鄂博梁-冷湖-潜西发育了一套扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,在马海-南八仙地区发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系。 相似文献
11.
From platform to basin: the evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
C. Scheibner J. J. G. Reijmer A. M. Marzouk R. P. Speijer J. Kuss 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(4):624-640
In this study, progradation and the subsequent retrogradation of a late Paleocene isolated carbonate platform (Galala Mountains, Eastern Desert, Egypt) is demonstrated by variations of distinct facies associations from the platform margin in the north to the hemipelagic basin in the south. A combination of a sea-level drop and tectonic uplift at around 59 Ma (calcareous nannofossil biozone NP5) favored the initiation of the carbonate platform. From this time onwards, the facies distribution along the platform–basin transect can be subdivided into five facies belts comprising nine different facies associations. Their internal relationships and specific depositional settings are strongly coupled with the Maastrichtian–Paleocene seafloor topography, which resulted from local tectonic movements. Patch reefs and reef debris were deposited at the platform margin and the horizontally bedded limestones on the upper slope. Slumps and debris flows were stored on the lower slope. In the subhorizontal toe-of-slope facies belt, mass-flow deposits pass into calciturbidites. Further southwards in the basin, only hemipelagic marls were deposited. Between 59 and 56.2 Ma (NP5–NP8), the overall carbonate platform system prograded in several pulses. Distinct changes in facies associations from 56.2 to 55.5 Ma (NP9) resulted from rotational block movements. They led to increased subsidence at the platform margin and a coeval uplift in the toe-of-slope areas. This resulted in the retrogradation of the carbonate platform. Furthermore the patch-reef and reef-debris facies associations were substituted by the larger foraminifera shoal association. The retrogradation is also documented by a significant decrease in slump and debris-flow deposits on the slope and calciturbidites at the toe of slope. 相似文献
12.
Outcrop-based sequence stratigraphic analysis and palynological biofacies were used to define depositional sequences and their bounding surfaces, and build a sequence stratigraphic model for the Upper Cretaceous succession of the Afikpo Sub-basin. Four unconformity-bounded third-order depositional sequences were identified. Sequence 1 comprises the Nkporo Formation and is subdivided into lowstand system tract (LST) representing an incised valley fill and transgressive systems tract (TST) consisting of estuarine and marine shales and mudstones. The base of the sequence is an angular unconformity correlated to the 77.5 Ma sequence boundary (SB) and the maximum flooding surface (MFS) is dated at 76 Ma. Sequence 2 is diachronous and straddles the lithostratigraphic boundary of the Nkporo and Mamu formations. The upper SB is dated at 71 Ma while associated MFS is dated at 73.5 Ma. Sequence 3 consists of the upper Mamu Formation and the Ajali Formation. The upper SB of sequence 3 is at 68 Ma while the MFS is dated at 69.8 Ma. Sequence 4 is the topmost depositional sequence belonging to the Nsukka Formation. The upper SB is placed at 66.5 Ma. The MFS within this sequence is dated at 67.8 Ma. The sequences encompass from tidally influenced bay head delta and central estuarine environments to coastal and shallow marine shelf environments. Stratigraphic architecture and facies types show that sequence development was controlled to a great extent by eustatic sea level variations though differential subsidence rates encouraged differential rates of sediment supply and rates of sea level change along different segments of the shoreline. 相似文献
13.
南海南、北陆缘中生代构造层序及其沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新生代海底扩张,使南海陆缘分为南、北两部分。南部礼乐地块与南海北缘在扩张之前构成了统一的活动陆缘。通过对南、北陆缘的钻井研究和井旁地震剖面解释,发现二者的中生界均具有4 个地震层序及3 个构造层。南北陆缘构造层序及物源分析表明,早白垩世礼乐地块与南海北缘曾发生碰撞拼贴。早白垩世的南海北缘地区沉积环境由海陆过渡相向陆相演化,相应的礼乐地区是由浅海相向滨海相演化,二者反映出相同的向上变浅旋回,说明在南、北陆缘拼贴之后,两者具有了统一的构造沉积背景。到晚白垩世末,两区均隆升为陆,且遭受剥蚀; 南海北缘地区上白垩统部分被剥蚀,而距俯冲边界更近的礼乐地区上白垩统则被剥蚀殆尽。 相似文献
14.
15.
Few studies exist in the geologic literature that show the distribution of seismic facies and depositional sequences within a lacustrine basin. The Pannonian Basin of Central Europe offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the influence of the eustatic signal on lacustrine deposition.
Seismic stratigraphie and sedimentological studies indicate that the Middle Miocene-Early Pliocene infill of the transtensional Pannonian Basin was formed by large delta systems. Systematic sequence stratigraphie analysis of 6000 km of reflection seismic data and more than 100 hydrocarbon exploration wells in Hungary allowed the identification of twelve third-order sequence boundaries in the late Neogene sedimentary fill. This number of depositional sequences corresponds to that of the published global eustatic curve for this time period. Furthermore, based on magnetostratigraphic and radiometric data, the ages of these depositional sequences can be tentatively correlated with the global eustatic curve.
The Pannonian Basin became isolated from the world sea at the Sarmatian/Pannonian (11.5 Ma) boundary and formed a large lake. The stratal patterns and sedimentary facies of individual systems tracts within the lacustrine sequences display the same characteristics as marine depositional sequences. The relatively low rate of thermal subsidence and the high rate of sediment supply resulted in a good sequence resolution. Within the third-order sequences higher-order sequences can be recognized with an average duration of about 0.1–0.5 Ma. 相似文献
16.
上扬子地区震旦系灯影组不仅记录了埃迪卡拉纪晚期环境与生命的协同演化，而且大量发育的丘滩体沉积正成为四川盆地深层古老碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重要目标。因此分析灯影组沉积环境演化不仅可以约束埃迪卡拉纪晚期全球海平面变化、古海洋环境演化，而且对于四川盆地深层油气勘探具有重要意义。前人对于上扬子地区震旦系灯影组的沉积环境演化、相对海平面变化仍缺乏较为精细的刻画和解释，严重制约了以上研究的进展。本文通过对上扬子西北缘绵竹清平剖面灯影组详细的野外沉积学解剖及室内微相分析解释，识别出以各类颗粒云岩、微生物云岩为主的21类岩石微相；根据微相组合关系分析，认为发育多种向上变浅的潮下—潮间—潮上沉积序列以及若干颗粒滩、微生物丘沉积构成的米级沉积旋回；以此为基础详细刻画出灯一段—灯二段下部、灯二段中上部—灯二段顶部、灯三段底部—灯四段下部、灯四段中上部—灯四段顶部构成的四次海侵—海退次级旋回以及灯二段和灯四段顶部暴露侵蚀的沉积环境演化及海平面变化历程，并建立了扬子台地西缘绵竹地区埃迪卡拉纪晚期以潮坪相、微生物丘滩体、颗粒滩为典型沉积特征的浅水碳酸盐岩台地沉积模式。综合沉积微相特征、微相组合特征及剖面沉积相演化规律认为，该地区沉积环境演化主要受次级海平面波动影响，海侵—海退次级旋回的中上部可能为灯影组优质储层发育的主要层位，其内部的两次暴露不整合可能与冰期事件导致的海平面下降密切相关。 相似文献
17.
大地构造对上扬子区志留纪生物礁分布及发育的控制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据上扬子板块的基底特征，及板块边缘特征等不同大地构造单元演化特征入手，分别对上扬子板块基底地貌、板块边缘构造及板内不同构造单元控制志留纪古沉积环境及生物礁发育演化进行了论述。在上扬子板块的北缘（南秦岭构造带），为被动大陆边缘，沉积环境适于生物礁发育，类型较多。而板块西缘（金沙江构造带）为主动大陆边缘，在岛弧区发育部分点礁以及生物层；板块内部受古隆起影响的地区（川西北、川东南、黔北），形成缓坡沉积环境，在浅缓坡区生物礁十分发育，类型众多；但是板内深断裂（龙门山，二郎山-攀西裂谷带）边缘生物礁不甚发育，仅见生物层-小型点礁组合。志留纪时，上扬子板块受全球海平面变化的影响明显，至Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋ期后，大部分地区因海平面下降而无沉积。但是在板块边缘凹陷区，因区域构造的影响，全球海平面波动对其影响不大，Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋ期后继续接受沉积且发育生物礁。 相似文献
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Zohreh NOWROUZI Asadollah MAHBOUBI Reza MOUSSAVI-HARAMI Mohammad Hossein MAHMUDY GHARAIE Farzin GHAEMI 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(4):1276-1295
Two sections from the Silurian deposits in the Central Iran Micro and Turan Plates were measured and sampled. These deposits are mostly composed of submarine volcanic rocks, skeletal and non-skeletal limestone, shale and sandstone that were deposited in low to high energy conditions (from tidal flat to deep open marine). According to gradual deepening trend, wide lateral distribution of facies as well as absence of resedimentation deposits, a depositional model of a homoclinal ramp was proposed for these deposits. Field observations and facies distribution indicate that, two depositional sequences were recognized in both sections. These sections show similarities in facies and depositional sequence during the Early Silurian in the area. Although there are some opinions and evidences that demonstrated Paleo-Tethys rifting phase started at the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian, similarities suggest that the Turan and Iran Plates were not completely detached tectonic block during this time, and that their depositional conditions were affected by global sea level changes and tectonic events. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯东北部太原组上部灰岩段高分辨层序地层分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据对露头、测井和岩心资料的垂向分析和横向对比,结合古生物化石资料,在识别关键性界面的基础上,对鄂尔多斯东北部下二叠统太原组上部灰岩段建立了高分辨层序地层格架,划分出5个三级层序。研究层段为有陆源碎屑混入的碳酸盐缓坡沉积,形成于华北晚古生代最大海侵阶段。各层序分别由低位体系域的下切谷充填沉积的砂岩、砂砾岩,海侵体系的灰岩、泥灰岩、泥岩、煤和高位体系域的碎屑岩和煤组成。区内厚达数十米的桥头砂岩主要由几个层序低位域下切河谷充填沉积叠置而成。通过编制的各层序海侵域灰岩的厚度和分布图,证实层序3、4沉积期海侵范围最大。早二叠世早期海侵来自东南和西南两个方向 相似文献