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1.
胜利油田孤岛油区馆陶组上段沉积结构单元   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28       下载免费PDF全文
结构单元分析法(Architectural-Element Analysis)作为一种比较成熟的研究方法,已广泛应用于古代河流沉积研究.本文首次根据钻孔资料分析胜利油田孤岛油区馆陶组上段5~1+2砂层组河流沉积的结构单元.该段5~1+2砂层组岩石类型简单,可分为11个岩相类型.根据界面特征、岩相组合、内部几何形态、外部几何形态和垂向剖面特征等划分出6个结构单元:河道滞流沉积(CHL)、侧向加积砂坝(LA)、天然堤(LV)、决口扇(CS)、决口水道(CR)和洪泛平原细粒(FF).其中洪泛平原细粒(FF)、决口扇(CS)和侧向加积砂坝(LA)结构单元最为发育,其次是天然堤(LV)和决口水道(CR)结构单元,而河道滞流沉积(CHL)结构单元则不甚发育.决口扇(CS)结构单元是馆陶组上段砂体发育的主要单元之一,且富含油气资源.因此,进一步加强决口扇的研究对油气资源的勘察是十分必要的.  相似文献   

2.
渤海海域W油田新近系明化镇组河流相砂体结构特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用野外露头、现代沉积和大量岩心以及钻测井资料,以高分辨率层序地层学原理为指导,结合地震和探地雷达,分析了W油田新近系明化镇组明下段河流相层序格架和砂体结构的沉积特征,总结了砂体的发育规模特征,建立了河流相砂体的沉积模式,为海上油田开发及后期调整提供依据和指导。研究表明,渤海海域明化镇组河流相砂体结构划分为堆叠型、侧叠型和孤立型3种类型共7种样式,其中侧叠型又分为紧密型、疏散型和离散型;孤立型又分为下切侵蚀型、孤立河道和决口扇;河道砂体厚度为2.1~15m,平均6.75m;宽度为200~1 225m,平均宽度519m。决口扇砂体厚约2~3m,宽度为150~450m,平均宽度300m。河流相砂体结构受控于湖平面的变化。不同的湖平面变化下发生堆叠型、侧叠型和孤立型规律性的砂体结构变化。  相似文献   

3.
掌握沉积特征并建立准确的沉积模式对解译古代岩石的沉积环境和构建地下油气储层构成模型起到至关重要的作用.在梳理内陆湖盆干旱河流体系沉积模式形成和发展的基础上,综述玻利维亚乌尤尼盐湖边缘现代Colorado曲流河末端体系的研究成果.明确干旱曲流河末端沉积体系通常发育在低缓的湖岸线附近,仅有一条活跃河道且为曲流河,并具有向下游沿程的河道横截面积减小的特征,其余河道均废弃并已充填或者部分充填.指出干旱曲流河末端沉积体系河道演化的主控因素,低频、高强度的雷暴引发的洪水导致漫溢和改道,漫溢促使大量决口扇沿河道两侧形成与演化,决口扇砂体叠加形成席状砂;而河流改道促使河道砂体相互叠加切割,形成假分枝状的形态.细粒曲流河末端沉积体系主要包括河道沉积、漫溢沉积和洪泛平原沉积,其中大量发育的决口扇沉积为该体系最显著的特征之一,提出了干旱湖盆曲流河末端细粒沉积体系的沉积模式.最后,讨论了该体系与浅水三角洲的形成条件,如气候和地貌(坡度)方面存在的显著差异.干旱曲流河末端体沉积模式不仅丰富当前内陆湖盆边缘河流沉积理论,同时有助于精细刻画类似油气储层构型,也为油气的勘探开发提供思路.  相似文献   

4.
河流相砂体的识别预测及其发育演化对古气候变化的响应是当前河流相沉积研究的热点。基于地震沉积学方法,采用三步走的河流相砂体识别预测方法(井震结合建格架→90°相位调整标岩性→切片属性辨砂体),在渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷石臼坨凸起南部(石南)新近系明化镇组下段(简称“明下段”)识别出了顺直和蜿蜒河道砂、河道—堤坝复合体、点砂坝、河口坝、牛轭湖和决口扇6种河流相砂体。依据明下段泥岩颜色,结合藻类种属记录和孢粉记录分析,认为石南地区明下段沉积早期到中期经历了干湿交替→湿润主导的湿润化气候演变; 而明下段沉积中期到晚期经历了湿润主导→干旱主导的干旱化气候演变。润湿化气候演变使得明下段沉积中期河流相砂体宽度和单层厚度减小、弯曲度增大,且带状孤立河道砂体更发育; 而干旱化气候演变使得明下段沉积晚期流相砂体宽度和单层厚度增大、弯曲度减小,且带状河道—溢岸复合带和河口坝砂更发育。研究成果可为其他断陷盆地河流相砂体识别、预测提供参考,对指导构造活动相对较弱的湖盆萎缩期油气勘探实践具有一定的实践价值。  相似文献   

5.
河流相砂体的识别预测及其发育演化对古气候变化的响应是当前河流相沉积研究的热点。基于地震沉积学方法,采用三步走的河流相砂体识别预测方法(井震结合建格架→90°相位调整标岩性→切片属性辨砂体),在渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷石臼坨凸起南部(石南)新近系明化镇组下段(简称“明下段”)识别出了顺直和蜿蜒河道砂、河道—堤坝复合体、点砂坝、河口坝、牛轭湖和决口扇6种河流相砂体。依据明下段泥岩颜色,结合藻类种属记录和孢粉记录分析,认为石南地区明下段沉积早期到中期经历了干湿交替→湿润主导的湿润化气候演变; 而明下段沉积中期到晚期经历了湿润主导→干旱主导的干旱化气候演变。润湿化气候演变使得明下段沉积中期河流相砂体宽度和单层厚度减小、弯曲度增大,且带状孤立河道砂体更发育; 而干旱化气候演变使得明下段沉积晚期流相砂体宽度和单层厚度增大、弯曲度减小,且带状河道—溢岸复合带和河口坝砂更发育。研究成果可为其他断陷盆地河流相砂体识别、预测提供参考,对指导构造活动相对较弱的湖盆萎缩期油气勘探实践具有一定的实践价值。  相似文献   

6.
准噶尔盆地彩南地区下侏罗统沉积特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
根据岩心的精细描述,结合大量开发井的对比分析,研究了准噶尔盆地彩南地区侏罗系八道湾组上部和三工河组下部砂层组的沉积微相和骨架砂体的分布特点。认为研究区侏罗系八道湾组第3岩性段(BD3)和三工河组第1岩性段(S1)是一套网状河流相沉积。网状河流相可进一步划分为3种亚相(河道、堤岸和越岸湿地)和6种微相类型。主要的储集体是河道砂体和个别决口扇砂体。在平面上河道砂体呈狭窄、相互连接的条带状,砂体的宽度一般在1000m以下,大多为300~800m;决口扇砂体规模一般较小,在横剖面中呈凸透镜状,在平面上常常呈舌状或叶状分布。  相似文献   

7.
广东三水盆地第四纪网状河沉积特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
珠江三角洲西北部的三水盆地范围内发育典型的网状河体系。它们具有重复分叉合并、坡降低以及河道深且窄的特点,并且发育天然堤、河间湖泊和洼地等地貌单元。钻井资料显示,网状河的沉积记录以泛滥平原地区沉积的悬浮负载的细粒沉积物为主,由砂砾和砂组成的河道沉积物分布比较局限,呈较窄的带状,被包裹在细粒的泛滥平原积物之中。主干河道表现出较高侧向稳定性垂向继承性,形成了较厚的砂体。较小的分叉河道则容易发生决口改道,沉积了较薄的砂体。河间湖泊沉积主要为含植物碎片的灰黑色粉砂质淤泥,沼泽中植物遗体的堆积形成了泥炭层。晚更新世以来的构造沉降、全球海平面上升以及河流搬运物质的快速加积是珠江三角洲平原地区形成网状河体系的主要原因.  相似文献   

8.
断陷湖盆缓坡河流成因砂体是重要的油气储集单元。根据岩心观察、钻井岩/电特征并结合地震沉积学方法,分析断陷湖盆缓坡河流沉积体系和砂体时空分布特征,能为油气精细勘探提供可靠的依据。研究表明,霸县凹陷文安斜坡中部东营组三段周期性地发育4条呈NE-SW辫-曲复合型河流沉积,由河道沉积、砂坝沉积和泛滥平原沉积3种亚相以及辫状河道、曲流河道、砂质河道砂坝、泥质河道砂坝、决口扇和泛滥平原泥6种微相构成。河流展布方向与正北夹角(α)为40°~65°,河道视宽度(l)为1.47~2.64 km,主河道的视宽度(w)为0.03~0.58 km,河道带测量厚度(H)为16.0~52.0 m,主河道测量厚度(D)为8.0~23.0 m,主河道钻井解释厚度(d)为1~16.5 m,平均厚度6.5 m。断陷盆地断-坳转换期缓坡河流相沉积受控于盆地构造、气候、物源、沉积物压实及流速等多因素。边界断层差异性活动导致的盆地不均衡沉降是缓坡带河流相类型及砂体空间分布的主控因素。气候周期性变化通过流量控制了河型,调整和改造早期河道沉积物,决定了微相和砂体组合。斜坡中外带是粗粒沉积物主要卸载区,河道及河道砂坝等优势储集砂体呈条带状连片分布,斜坡内带形成的厚层泥岩限制油气垂向运移和侧向充注。斜坡中外带被油源断层切割,在油气运移路径上受晚期断层切割的厚层河道及河道砂坝是岩性-构造油气藏勘探的潜力区域。  相似文献   

9.
青海湖北岸刚察县城东与泉吉乡西发现原生砂楔群,楔内充填物均为中细粒砂,楔体底部中细粒砂ESR测年数据表明,刚察县城东3个原生砂楔发育时代分别为(774±70)ka、(773±70)ka和(229±20)ka,泉吉乡西1个原生砂楔形成时代为(197±18)ka,反映该区至少发育两期原生砂楔,其形成时代分别对应昆仑冰期和倒数第二次冰期.基于原生砂楔的特殊形成环境,估算青海湖盆地在昆仑冰期早期的年均温不高于-7.5~-10℃,比现今至少低9.2~11.7℃,中更新世早期青海湖盆地发育多年冻土,青藏高原东北部可能已经进入冰冻圈;倒数第二次冰期的年均温不高于-9.5~-10℃,比现今低11℃以上.  相似文献   

10.
西湖凹陷平湖组发育海陆过渡沉积体系,以砂、泥、煤薄互层为特征,砂体成藏条件优越,逐步成为隐蔽油气藏滚动挖潜的热点。但由于其埋深大、砂体薄、横向变化快,使得砂体预测难度大、精度低。利用稳定煤层对高频层序格架搭建的指示作用,建立了含煤地层高频层序格架;在煤层等时格架约束下,基于地震沉积学的地层切片技术对不同层位砂体沉积特征进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:平湖组一、二段划分为2个三级层序、7个四级层序;储层类型主要包括分流河道、决口扇、三角洲、潮道4种,分流河道宽500~1 000 m、厚10~40 m、宽厚比12∶1~40∶1,决口扇平面规模1~10 km2、内扇厚5~10 m,三角洲平面规模15~200 km2,潮道宽度仅80~360 m、厚2~5 m;垂向演化主要受控于海平面变化、物源供给和古地貌形态,指出Sq2海退序列发育的分流河道及其伴生决口扇砂体成藏耦合关系良好,是下一步实施周边隐蔽油气藏挖潜的方向之一。  相似文献   

11.
The Castissent Formation represents a phase of strong fluvial progradation within the fluvio-deltaic Montanyana Group, probably enhanced by the late Ypresian sea-level fall. The structural setting is characterized by the emplacement of the South Pyrenean nappes. The major architectural feature of the Formation is the superposition of three multilateral and multistorey sheet sandstone complexes (A, B and C), interbedded in finer floodplain deposits and dark-grey mudstones of brackish transitional origin. The structure of the sheet sandstone complexes is exemplified by the detailed analysis of the lower sheet sandstone complex (A), 25 m thick, 6 km wide and exposed over 25 km of its length. Three types of channel-fill sandstones serve as components: (1) lenticular-bedded bodies, interpreted as braided stream deposits, (2) lateral accretion-bedded bodies, intepreted as meandering stream deposits, and (3) ribbons, originating from laterally stable and short-lived offshoot or crevasse channels. By coalescence and/or stacking of these channel-fill types, higher-order architectural units (A1, A2, A3) have been formed that together build the sheet sandstone complex. On the basis of downstream variation in proportion and geometrical relation between the channel-fill components, three depositional zones have been differentiated within the fluvial system. Each zone is characterized by specific architectural processes: (1) alternation of minor aggradational-degradational cycles in the proximal valley, (2) generation of new alluvial belts in the intermediate nodal avulsion zone, and (3) successive random avulsion processes with development of semipermanent crevasse channels or minor distributaries in the distal distributive zone. The sedimentation of the Castissent Formation was structurally controlled by an interplay of vertical basement movement due to thrust stacking in the hinterland and surficial thrust displacement to the foreland resulting in alternating southward and northward shift of the fluvial system.  相似文献   

12.
油坊庄油田长2油层组发育水上分流河道、天然堤、决口扇、沼泽等沉积微相类型,储集砂体以水上分流河道砂体为主,天然堤等次之。顺着物源方向,砂体连通性较好,物性较好,非均质性弱;垂直于物源方向砂体连通性、物性较差,非均质性强。储层层内非均质性较强,储集砂体垂向韵律以正韵律为主,不利于水驱油。长2油层组单砂层数越多,层间非均质性越强。综合研究表明,储层非均质性受沉积环境控制。  相似文献   

13.
The Lower Freshwater Molasse (Untere Susswasser Molasse) crops out over a wide area of the Swiss Molasse Basin. Coarse grained alluvial fan conglomerates dominate in proximal basin areas along the Alpine front. These conglomerates pass northwards into sandstones and mudstones of an extensive northeastward draining meandering river system which ran parallel to the basin axis. Sedimentological study of outcrops, quarry exposures and boreholes in the basal Miocene (‘Aquitanian‘) has permitted detailed facies analysis of this distal alluvial sequence. The distal Aquitanian is made up of distinct ‘architectural elements’characterized by their geometries and sedimentary structures. Each may be assigned to a particular depositional setting: meander belt, levees, crevasse channels and splays, overbank fines and palaeosols, and lacustrine. Meander belt sandstones were deposited in mixed load channels with a dominant bedload component. Sandstones commonly comprise amalgamated and locally stacked ribbon bodies 2–15 m thick and 150–1500 m wide. Interbedded rippled, laminated and mottled fine grained levee sandstones and siltstones form lenticular packages up to 3 m thick and 30–100 m across. Small scale crevasse channel sandstones 2–4 m thick and 5–10 m across pass laterally into metre scale, medium to fine grained crevasse sandstone sheets. Rare laminated lacustrine siltstones occur only in the north-east part of the basin. Floodplain mudstones and marls make up the remainder of the succession. These display a variety of pedogenic features recording cyclical palaeosol development. Palaeosols show strong variations in morphology and maturity both laterally across the floodplain and downstream along the basin axis, reflecting local variation in aggradation rate associated with proximity to alluvial channel courses as well as regional variation in subsidence and floodplain drainage. Analysis of the organization and distribution of the various sediment bodies permits reconstruction of the fluvial system and allows development of a model for the sedimentary architecture of the Lower Freshwater Molasse in the study area. Integration of palaeosol studies into a well defined architectural framework assists recognition of areal facies belts and may aid location of sand-prone sequences in the subsurface.  相似文献   

14.
15.
西峰油田三叠系延长组长2_2砂层组沉积相分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对西峰油田三叠系延长组长22砂层组的泥岩颜色、岩石类型、沉积构造、生物化石、沉积层序以及单井相等的研究,认为延长组长22油层主要沉积相为正常三角洲沉积。三角洲平原是该区三角洲砂体堆积的主体。可进一步辨别出分流河道、天然堤、分流间湾及决口扇4个微相。  相似文献   

16.
根据密井网测井、录井以及其它分析化验资料,结合区域地质背景,对松辽盆地杏树岗油田杏三区东部白垩系姚家组一段葡萄花Ⅰ组油层1-3小层(葡Ⅰ1-3小层)沉积微相类型、特征、组合模式和不同地质时期沉积微相平面展布特征及其演化规律进行系统的研究。结果表明,葡Ⅰ1-3小层为浅水湖泊三角洲沉积,主要发育三角洲分流平原和三角洲内前缘2种沉积亚相,含11种沉积微相,具有不同的沉积特征和测井相模式;利用自然电位曲线幅变值和砂体厚度,有效识别天然堤、水上决口沉积、溢岸薄层砂3种有成因联系、测井曲线形态类似的沉积微相;进一步根据各沉积微相的测井曲线形态组合、沉积成因及沉积作用的不同,总结出7种沉积微相组合模式。葡Ⅰ1-3小层沉积演化经历了早期湖退、中期稳定、晚期湖侵3个阶段,不同时期的沉积特征、沉积微相展布各异,总体表现出湖盆发育规模由大变小,再变大,骨架砂体厚度和理想钻遇率逐渐减小的特点。  相似文献   

17.
Alluvial strata of the Cretaceous Dakota Formation of southern Utah are part of a transgressive systems tract associated with a foreland basin developed adjacent to the Sevier orogenic belt. These strata contain valley fill deposits, anastomosed channel systems and widespread coals. The coals constitute a relatively minor part of the Dakota Formation in terms of sediment volume, but may represent a substantial amount of the time represented by the formation. The coals are separated by clastic units up to 20 m thick. The stratigraphically lowest clastic unit of the Dakota Formation lies above an unconformity cut into Jurassic rocks. Incised valleys associated with the unconformity are up to 12 m deep. Two discrete episodes of valley fill sedimentation are recognized, including a lower sandstone unit with conglomerate layers, and an upper, discontinuous, coal-bearing unit. After the valleys filled, the area became one of low relief where extensive mires formed. Peat accumulation was interrupted at least three times by deposition of clastic sediment derived from the west. The clastic units consist of sandstone, mudstone or heterolithic ribbon bodies, stacked tabular sandstones, and laminated mudstones, and contain minor coal beds less than 0·35 m thick. Ribbon bodies are 1–9 m thick and 15–160 m wide, have pronounced basal scours, and are filled with both lateral and vertical accretion deposits. An anastomosed channel complex is suggested by the large number of coeval channels of varying dimensions, the variation in the structure and grain size of channel fills, and the presence of abundant tabular sandstones interpreted as crevasse splays. Although some sandstone bodies have well developed lateral accretion surfaces, the overall ribbon geometry indicates that mature meandering streams were not well developed. This is in contrast to modern anastomosed systems, which are commonly thought to be a transitional morphology caused by avulsion of a meander belt to a new position on its floodplain. Rather than being a transitional channel pattern related to river avulsion, the anastomosed channels of the Dakota Formation may have formed part of a large inland delta that episodically invaded widespread mires. The mires developed during periods when clastic influx was reduced either by high rates of subsidence close to the thrust belt or by deflection of rivers by emergent thrusts.  相似文献   

18.
The 30 to 155 m thick Early Permian (Artinskian) Warchha Sandstone of the Salt Range, Pakistan is a conglomerate, sandstone and claystone succession within which seven lithofacies types (Gt, St, Sp, Sr, Sh, Fl and Fm) occur in a predictable order as repeated fining-upward cycles. Common sedimentary structures in the conglomerates and sandstones include planar and trough cross-bedding, planar lamination, soft sediment-deformed bedding, compound cosets of strata with low-angle inclined bounding surfaces and lags of imbricated pebbles. Structures in the finer-grained facies include desiccation cracks, raindrop imprints, caliche nodules and bioturbation. Groups of associated facies are arranged into nine distinct architectural elements (channels, gravel bars, sandy bedforms, downstream and laterally accreting barforms, sand sheets, crevasse splays, levees, floodplain units and shallow lakes), which is consistent with a fluvial origin for the succession. The types of architectural elements present and their relationship to each other demonstrate that the Warchha Sandstone preserves a record of a meandering river system that drained the northern margin of Gondwanaland. The dominance of fine-grained (floodplain) facies over gravel-grade (channel-base) facies and the widespread occurrence of large-scale lateral accretion elements supports the interpretation of a high-sinuosity, meandering fluvial system in which channel bodies accumulated via the lateral accretion of point bars but in which the active channels covered only a small part of a broad floodplain at any time instant. Although the regional and temporal distribution of these deposits is complex, in broad terms the lower part is dominated by stacked, multistorey channel bodies, whereas single-storey channel elements isolated in abundant fine-grained floodplain deposits dominate the middle and upper parts of the formation.  相似文献   

19.
松辽盆地中央坳陷南部下白垩统泉头组四段沉积相   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
松辽盆地中央坳陷南部下白垩统泉头组四段沉积时期,松辽盆地地形平缓,基底沉降缓慢,在湖平面整体扩张及浅水背景下河流入湖成三角洲沉积。通过岩心观察、相标志与测井相研究,该区储层主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前角洲3种亚相,以及分支河道、天然堤、决口扇、分支河道间湾、水下分支河道、水下决口扇、河口坝、远沙坝、水下分支河道间湾9种微相三角洲平原、三角洲前缘广泛发育,前三角洲不发育。三角洲平原分支河道通过填积和频繁的分叉改道,向湖盆中心方向长距离推进,在三角前缘的浅水区域发育了大量水下分支河道,分支河道与水下分支河道砂体相互切割、叠加,形成了平均宽度200~600 m、平均厚度3~8 m的道单砂体,(水下)分支河道砂体构成了油气富集的主要储集体。该区沉积相的精细研究,为进一步调整开发井网奠定了基础。  相似文献   

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