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1.
基于GMS的岩溶山区三维地下水流模式识别 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以高岚河东部多条支沟切割形成的连排型河间地块为研究区,基于1∶5万岩溶水文地质调查成果,利用GIS技术和径流分割,量化岩溶含水系统顶底板高程、获取入渗补给系数及地下水径流量等数据,运用三维地下水流数值模拟及粒子追踪地下水流线的方法,得出了研究区的地下水流模式。其结果表明:研究区地下水流模式主要受区域尺度的势源和势汇控制,局部的地形起伏对地下水位的影响不明显;支沟切割较深的凉伞沟、滩淤河流域,水流驱动力大,有利于局部水流系统的发育;随着东部补给高程的增加,流程逐渐增长,多发育局部水流系统,至山脊附近多发育排泄至高岚河的中间水流系统。当研究区年降雨量由中等的1 021.1 mm降为多年最低的725.5 mm时,由东部补给区排泄至高岚河的中间水流系统增加;在此降雨强度区间,不具备发育越过河间地块的中间或区域地下水流系统。 相似文献
2.
水资源短缺的鄂尔多斯盆地内地下水遭受硝酸盐(NO3-)污染等问题日益突出,识别盆地不同地下水流系统的NO3-分布规律及其成因,对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义.选取鄂尔多斯盆地北部湖泊集中区白垩系地下水系统为研究对象,基于水化学和聚类 主成分分析划分地下水流系统级次,在此基础上对比分析不同级次地下水流系统中NO3-分布特征,综合水化学和环境同位素分析识别多级次地下水流系统中NO3-来源及其潜在过程.研究表明:研究区ρ(NO3)超出地下水质量标准(GB/T 14848-2017)Ⅲ类水标准的地下水样品集中在局部-中间地下水流系统,其超标率达到28％;区域地下水流系统中ρ(NO3)均值约为1 mg/L.研究区不同级次地下水流系统中ρ(NO3-)分布特征主要与人类活动影响程度有关,而地下水蒸发富集和反硝化衰减作用对ρ(NO3-)的影响可以忽略.其中,局部-中间地下水流系统受到人类活动产生的污染影响显著,其NO3-污染主要来源于无机铵肥和粪便污水等;区域地下水流系统可能尚未受到人类活动污染,其NO3-来源于天然有机氮矿化. 相似文献
3.
4.
中国北方地下水系统划分方案研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地下水系统是水文地质学的研究热点之一。学术界对“地下水系统”的概念尚没有明确和统一的认识,不同学者对“地下水系统”的理解各有侧重,划分依据与标准不一,划分结果各异,故在应用上常造成混乱。文中基于地下水流系统的概念,归纳了地下水系统划分的原则和依据,认为地下水系统划分应以自然状态不同级别的地下水流系统为首要依据,以含水层系统为判断水力联系和流动系统内部结构的重要基础,提出了一套划分中国北方地下水系统的方案,将其划分为4个地下水系统区块、10个一级地下水系统和56个二级地下水系统。地下水系统区块主要依据特大区域尺度上具有相似地下水循环特征且在地域上毗邻的盆地（流域）的组合体划分：一级地下水系统主要依据盆地（流域）尺度的区域地下水流系统和区域地下水流向划分;二级地下水系统主要依据区域水流系统的分区特征（受次级盆地或次级流域控制）划分。这一方案为中国北方区域地下水资源评价、地下水资源管理、地下水与环境等相关问题的研究提供地下水系统的框架基础。 相似文献
5.
《地球科学进展》2020,(5)
地下水作为全世界近1/3城市人口的饮用水源,在城市化发展过程中起着战略性作用。针对水资源需求量最大、地下水污染负荷最重、地下工程开发强度最大的城市地区,梳理了城镇化背景下城市地区面临的地下水文循环过程变异、地下水污染、地下水"热岛效应"等生态水文问题,系统分析了城市地下水发生水量、水质、水热变化的机理,并揭示了地下水量、水质、水热问题的内在联系。研究发现,城市化引起的土地利用与覆被变化是导致地下水文循环过程变异的主要原因;城镇化建设和生活生产废物的污染负荷加剧了地下水质的恶化;城市化引起的垂直热通量的增加促进了地下水升温。通过总结城镇化地区地下水面临的生态水文问题及成因,提出应加快地下水污染防治技术攻关、完善地下水污染区域调控策略、建立城市地下水资源评价方法与体系、优化地下水资源配置,为保障城市水安全、建设生态文明城市并进一步促进经济社会的可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
中国西北内陆干旱盆地地下水形成演化模式及其意义 总被引：28，自引：10，他引：18
随着系统理论分析方法的引入和同位素、遥感、计算机技术和先进物探手段等的应用,内陆干旱区的地下水勘查与研究得到迅速发展。本文以作者在中国西北地区近十几年的地下水勘查与研究成果为主要基础,将内陆干旱盆地平原区地下水划分为四级地下水流系统,即山前局部地下水流系统（Ｉ）、区域地下水流系统（Ⅱ）、滞流地下水流系统（Ⅲ）和细土平原区易变的局部地下水流系统（Ⅳ）。盆地地下水的形成演化和盐分迁移主要发生在Ｉ、Ⅱ和 相似文献
7.
《地质科技情报》2020,(1)
北京地面沉降已有60多年的历史,其发生发展与半个多世纪城市的快速扩张密不可分。从整个北京平原地下水系统出发,梳理多年时间序列(1950-2015年)的城市发展规模、人口、水资源及开采动态等数据,结合遥感技术解译不同年代北京平原的不透水面变化,分析其对降雨入渗补给量的影响;构建整个北京平原含水层-弱透水层三维结构系统,借助PMWIN软件建立区域尺度的地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型,利用长期水位及沉降观测数据对模型进行识别验证;开展长时间序列的北京平原地下水水头场与地面沉降演化模拟,研究快速城市化进程下北京平原多层含水层系统渗流场演变与地面沉降响应特征。研究表明:长时间尺度区域地下水流场-地面沉降演化模拟基本再现了地面沉降形成和发展演化的过程;北京地下水开采历史与地面沉降发展历史具有一致性,而不同沉降区地面沉降发展受地下水开采和城市发展双重控制,是二者综合作用的结果。 相似文献
8.
新疆孔雀河灌区面临地下水超采问题,科学认识区域地下水流系统的发育条件和演变特征,是优化地下水资源开发利用方式的基础.通过构建第四系含水层三维地下水稳定流模型,利用流线追踪技术,模拟识别了孔雀河流域19702020年期间地下水流系统的变化特征.结果 表明,不同补给区和排泄区通过流线进行组合,在孔雀河周边形成了交错分布的地下水流系统,其空间分布格局随灌区地下水开采规模而变化.在20世纪70年代的拟天然状态,灌区主要发育自北向南的地下水流系统,其空间分布格局取决于水文地质参数和排泄要素,并可能存在1～4个以孔雀河为排泄带的流动系统.在有强烈地下水开采的现状条件下,灌区地下水流系统转变为从四周流向漏斗中心,截断了从孔雀河上游渗漏到中下游河道排泄的水流系统.近50 a来,以潜水蒸发为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积萎缩了29％,而以地下水开采为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积从零增加到研究区面积的40％.潜水蒸发对自然生态系统具有重要的支撑作用,灌区地下水开采应有所控制以保障潜水蒸发型地下水流系统的发育条件. 相似文献
9.
几十年的高强度开采致使呼和浩特盆地地下水流系统发生了很大变化。在对含水系统结构特征分析的基础上,结合地下水流场及水位动态特征,对地下水流系统演化模式进行了分析总结,基本可归纳为3个演化阶段,地下水人工开采及沟谷水利工程的修建是地下流系统变异的主要驱动因子。采用均衡法对现状条件下地下水均衡情况进行了定量计算,通过与历史时期均衡情况对比分析,发现在不同水流系统演化阶段,各含水层地下水补排量差异较大,从而导致地下水资源量发生变化,与历史时期相比,潜水含水层资源量明显减小,承压含水层资源量有所增加,但总资源量一定程度减小,地下流系统变异的资源效应明显。 相似文献
10.
《地质科技情报》2020,(1)
江汉平原水质性缺水问题日益突出,识别江汉平原地下水流系统分布模式,对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义。选取江汉平原典型区域,综合水文地质条件、水动力场及水化学同位素指标深入分析地下水补给过程、水岩作用及滞留时间。得出由于碳酸盐岩的溶解,研究区的地下水化学类型属于HCO_3-Ca·(Mg)型。地下水中典型离子随深度增加逐渐降低,同位素随深度增加逐渐偏负,表现出地下水流系统呈局部与区域水流系统的特点,系统深度界限在10～20 m。独立而复杂的局部水流系统在平枯水期地下水向河渠地表水排泄。根据~3H的含量,局部水流为现代水,水循环交替迅速。受地形控制,中深层地下水总体由西和西北向东和东南径流,汇入汉江和长江,为区域水流系统。由于补给源的高程效应,区域水流的~(18)O值存在明显分区,指示不同的补给来源与水流路径。山前丘陵区基本为现代水,向平原腹地纵深至汉江和长江排泄区,地下水年龄在几百年至6 000 a不等,水循环交替缓慢。研究发现江汉平原低洼排泄区存在区域水流的顶托补给,可为原生劣质水的分布与聚集研究提供依据。 相似文献
11.
A. Lawrence D. Gooddy P. Kanatharana W. Meesilp V. Ramnarong 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(5):564-575
Many cities and towns in South and Southeast Asia are unsewered, and urban wastewaters are often discharged either directly
to the ground or to surface-water canals and channels. This practice can result in widespread contamination of the shallow
groundwater. In Hat Yai, southern Thailand, seepage of urban wastewaters has produced substantial deterioration in the quality
of the shallow groundwater directly beneath the city. For this reason, the majority of the potable water supply is obtained
from groundwater in deeper semi-confined aquifers 30–50 m below the surface. However, downward leakage of shallow groundwater
from beneath the city is a significant component of recharge to the deeper aquifer, which has long-term implications for water
quality. Results from cored boreholes and shallow nested piezometers are presented. The combination of high organic content
of the urban recharge and the shallow depth to the water table has produced strongly reducing conditions in the upper layer
and the mobilisation of arsenic. A simple analytical model shows that time scales for downward leakage, from the surface through
the upper aquitard to the semi-confined aquifer, are of the order of several decades.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
12.
Raymond A. Duraiswami Vrishali Dumale Usha Shetty 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):621-638
Runoff has increased many fold in urban areas due to increase in paved areas, training of streams and construction of storm
water drains. The recharge is therefore continuously decreasing; resulting in depleting groundwater reserves beneath large
cities, especially those situated on water divides. In order to reduce surface runoff and replenish groundwater many advocate
artificial recharge through rainwater harvesting. Conventionally, detailed hydrogeological survey is needed by expert hydrogeologists
to suggest suitable sites for rooftop rainwater harvesting and storage in the subsurface aquifers. Pune, a rapidly growing
city, is under severe stress due to shortage of water in some areas. An effort has been made in this study to identify areas
suitable for rooftop rainwater harvesting by integrating traditional hydrogeological survey data with the help of Remote Sensing
and Geographic Information System. This endeavour has led to develop a program called SLUGGER-DQL which helps to identify
potential sites for rooftop rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge. The program is open ended and several other factors
controlling potential recharge can be easily added on. Based on the results of the present study, potential sites for rainwater
harvesting and artificial recharge have been identified in the Pune University-Shivajinagar-Kothrud area. The present paper
demonstrates the utility of traditional hydrogeological surveys combined with modern techniques in solving problems related
to urban hydrogeology and town planning. 相似文献
13.
Assessing the impact of modern recharge on a sandstone aquifer beneath a suburb of Doncaster, UK 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brian L. Morris W. George Darling Aidan A. Cronin Joerg Rueedi Emily J. Whitehead Daren C. Gooddy 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):979-997
A major water quality issue in urban areas underlain by a productive aquifer is the impact of modern recharge. Using a variety of sample sources including multi-level boreholes, detectable concentrations of CFCs and SF6 have been found throughout the upper 50 m of the saturated aquifer beneath a suburb of Doncaster, UK, indicating that modern (<50-year old) recharge has penetrated to at least this depth. Additional support for this deep penetration is provided by the detection of sulphite-reducing clostridia and faecal streptococci. Despite the upper aquifer being a poorly cemented sandstone, the residence time indicators suggest that some modern recharge is travelling via fracture systems in addition to that moving down by simple piston flow. However, the overall impact of 80 years of steady urbanisation on water quality in the aquifer beneath this suburb has in general been limited. This is attributed to a combination of factors including previous land use, dilution by direct recharge of rainfall through green-space areas including gardens, and locally high storage in the friable upper aquifer. 相似文献
14.
Impacts of a large Sahelian city on groundwater hydrodynamics and quality: example of Niamey (Niger)
Aïssata B. Hassane Christian Leduc Guillaume Favreau Barbara A. Bekins Thomas Margueron 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(2):407-423
The management of groundwater resources is very important in the semiarid Sahel region, which is experiencing rapid urban development. Impacts of urbanization on groundwater resources were investigated in the unconfined aquifer of the Continental Terminal beneath the city of Niamey, Niger, using water level and chemical data. Hydrodynamic and chemical changes are best described by a combination of factors including the historical development of the city, current land use, water-table depth and topography. Seasonal groundwater recharge occurs with high spatial variability, as indicated by water-level monitoring in all wells, but there was no interannual trend over the 5-year study period. Groundwater salinity shows high spatial variability and a minor rising trend. The highest salinity is in the old city centre, with Na–NO3 dominant, and it increases seasonally with recharge. Salinity is much lower and more variable in the suburbs (Ca–HCO3, Ca–NO3, and Na–NO3 dominant). Nitrate is the main ionic contaminant and is seasonally or permanently above the international guidelines for drinking water quality in 36 % of sampled wells, with a peak value of 112 mg L?1 NO3–N (8 meq L?1). Comparison of urban and rural sites indicates a long-term increase in groundwater recharge and nitrate enrichment in the urban area with serious implications for groundwater management in the region. 相似文献
15.
Quantification of groundwater recharge in the city of Nottingham, UK 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
Groundwater is an important and valuable resource for water supply to cities. In order to make full and wise use of the asset
value, a clear understanding of the quantities and sources of urban groundwater recharge is needed. The water supply and disposal
network is often an important source of recharge to urban groundwater through leakage from water mains and sewers. An approach
to establishing the spatial and temporal amounts of the three urban recharge sources (precipitation, mains and sewers) is
developed and illustrated using the Nottingham (UK) urban aquifer. A calibrated groundwater flow model is supplemented by
calibrated solute balances for three conservative species (Cl, SO4 and total N), thus providing four lines of evidence to use in the recharge estimation. Nottingham is located on a Triassic
sandstone aquifer with average precipitation of 700 mm/year. Using the models, current urban recharge is estimated to be 211
mm/year, of which 138 mm/year (±40%) is from mains leakage and 10 mm/year (±100%) is from sewer leakage. The wide confidence
intervals result from the scarcity of historical field data and the long turnover time in this high volume aquifer, and should
be significantly lower for many other aquifer systems.
Received: 1 December 1997 · Accepted: 14 September 1998 相似文献
16.
利用城市雨水回灌地下水防治地面沉降技术方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
阐述城市化快速发展日益突显的城市雨水问题与地下水超采引起地面沉降危害,在对城市雨水收集处理进行水质分析基础上,探讨城市雨水直接回灌浅层含水层在地面沉降防治中的利用潜力和意义. 相似文献
17.
Impact of rehabilitation of Assiut barrage, Nile River, on groundwater rise in urban areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohamed A. Dawoud Nahed E. El Arabi Ahmed R. Khater Jan van Wonderen 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2006,45(4-5):395-407
To make optimum use of the most vital natural resource of Egypt, the River Nile water, a number of regulating structures (in the form of dams and barrages) for control and diversion of the river flow have been constructed in this river since the start of the 20th century. One of these barrages is the Assiut barrage which will require considerable repairs in the near future. The design of the rehabilitation of the barrage includes a headpond with water levels maintained at a level approximately 0.60 m higher than the highest water level in the headpond of the present barrage. This development will cause an increase of the seepage flow from the river towards the adjacent agricultural lands, Assiut Town and villages. The increased head pond level might cause a rise of the groundwater levels and impedance of drainage outflows. The drainage conditions may therefore be adversely affected in the so-called impacted areas which comprise floodplains on both sides of the Nile for about 70 km upstream of the future barrage. A rise in the groundwater table, particularly when high river levels impede drainage, may result in waterlogging and secondary salinization of the soil profile in agricultural areas and increase of groundwater into cellars beneath buildings in the urban areas. In addition, a rise in the groundwater table could have negative impact on existing sanitation facilities, in particular in the areas which are served with septic tanks. The impacts of increasing the headpond level were assessed using a three-dimensional groundwater model. The mechanisms of interactions between the Nile River and the underlying Quaternary aquifer system as they affect the recharge/discharge processes are comprehensively outlined. The model has been calibrated for steady state and transient conditions against historical data from observation wells. The mitigation measures for the groundwater rise in the urban areas have been tested using the calibrated mode. 相似文献
18.
Despite the continuous increase in water supply from desalination plants in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, groundwater remains the major source of fresh water satisfying domestic and agricultural demands. Groundwater has always been considered as a strategic water source towards groundwater security in the Emirate. Understanding the groundwater flow system, including identification of recharge and discharge areas, is a crucial step towards proper management of this precious source. One main tool to achieve such goal is a groundwater model development. As such, the main aim of this paper is to develop a regional groundwater flow model for the surficial aquifer in Abu Dhabi Emirate using MODFLOW. Up to our knowledge, this is the first regional numerical groundwater flow model for Abu Dhabi Emirate. After steady state and transient model calibration, several future scenarios of recharge and pumping are simulated. Results indicate that groundwater pumping remains several times higher than aquifer recharge from rainfall, which provides between 2 and 5% of total aquifer recharge. The largest contribution of recharge is due to subsurface inflow from the eastern Oman Mountains. While rainfall induced groundwater level fluctuation is absent in the western coastal region, it reaches a maximum of 0.5 m in the eastern part of the Emirate. In contrast, over the past decades, groundwater levels have declined annually by 0.5 m on average with local extremes spanning from 93 m of decline to 60 m of increase. Results also indicate that a further decrease in groundwater levels is expected in most of Emirate. At other few locations, upwelling of groundwater is expected due to a combination of reduced pumping and increased infiltration of water from nonconventional sources. Beyond results presented here, this regional groundwater model is expected to provide an effective tool to water resources managers in Abu Dhabi. It will help to accurately estimate sustainable extraction rates, assess groundwater availability, and identify pathways and velocity of groundwater flow as crucial information for identifying the best locations for artificial recharge. 相似文献
19.
Manish Kumar M. Someshwar Rao Bhishm Kumar Algappan Ramanathan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(2):463-474
Recharge zones and sources in an urban setup (NCT of Delhi, India) were identified using environmental isotopes (2H, 3H, 18O); they were then correlated with hydrogeological conditions. The isotopic results showed that groundwater is being recharged by surface water during the dry season, while recharge associated with local precipitation becomes prominent during the monsoon. The effect of source-water evaporation and altitude on the isotopic characteristics of groundwater was clearly noted. A gradual increase in groundwater age, i.e. decrease in tritium content, while moving away from the river/canals/drains, suggests a degree of mixing of old-aged groundwater with relatively young recharging water. Further, to substantiate the findings of isotopic investigations, surface recharge conditions were differentiated into potential pervious (recharge prone) and impervious (recharge resistant) surfaces through mapping of potential recharge areas based on soil type and water-table depth, to depict a three-dimensional illustration of hydrogeologically mediated recharge zones of the area. The hydrogeological evidence thus obtained about the spatial distribution of permeable zones, slope and boundary conditions, aptly substantiates the isotopic findings. The study seeks its impact by correlation of the isotopic findings with the regional groundwater flow regime which has been altered by the urban development. 相似文献
20.
Groundwater has been the main source of water supply for large cities and towns over the last few decades in the upper Blue
Nile River Basin, Ethiopia. However, provision is often unsuccessful because of poor well productivity, difficult drilling
conditions, poor well positioning, or sometimes due to poor water quality. The growing pressure of urban population and industrial
development is focusing unprecedented attention on the groundwater potential of the basin. The purpose of this work is to
spatially characterize the groundwater potential of the upper Blue Nile River Basin with respect to variable recharge and
geodiversity. The study shows that from the annual recharge obtained using the base flow separation method, the renewable
groundwater potential in the basin was estimated to be in the range of 1.2 and 2 billion m3/year. The aquifers in the area are divided into three categories: low to moderate productivity (≈3.5 l/s) which includes
crystalline basement rocks, acidic lava flows and domes, and very fine alluvial sediments; moderate to high productivity (≈5.5 l/s)
that includes Mesozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstone, limestone, gypsum, dolomite); and high to very high productivity (≈20 l/s)
which includes basic lava flows of the Trap series, Quaternary lava flows and alluvial sediments. 相似文献