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1.
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)在地面形变监测中的应用   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
运用合成孔径雷达干涉及其差分技术(InSAR及D-InSAR)进行地面微位移监测,是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法。对不同地区地面形变的最新研究结果表明,合成孔径雷达干涉及其差分技术在地震形变、冰川运移、活动构造、地面沉降及滑坡等研究与监测中有广阔的应用前景,具有不可替代的优势。 与其它方法(如GPS监测等)相比,用InSAR及D-InSAR进行地面形变监测的主要优点在于:(1)覆盖范围大,方便迅速:(2)成本低,不需要建立监测网;(3)空间分辨率高,可以获得某一地区连续的地表形变信息;(4)可以监测或识别出潜在或未知的地面形变信息:(5)全天候,不受云层及昼夜影响。但是由于系统本身因素以及地面植被、湿度及大气条件变化的影响,精度及适用性受到一定的限制,需要在实践中不断加以完善和提高,并与地质研究及其它方法相结合。 为了弥补传统InSAR及D-InSAR方法在地面形变监测方面的不足,提高其精度,近期引入了一种称为永久散射点(PS)的方法。此方法通过选取一定时期内表现出稳定干涉行为的孤立点,克服了许多妨碍传统雷达干涉技术的分辨率、空间及时间上基线限制等问题,使InSAR在城市及岩石出露较好地区地面形变监测精度大大提高,在一定的条件下精度可达到mm级。  相似文献   

2.
基于点目标分析的InSAR技术检测地表微小形变的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,由合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)技术发展而来的时间序列影像点目标分析技术已发展成为大范围地提取地表微小形变信息的关键技术。本研究针对地表形变检测中经常出现的时间、空间去相干问题和大气效应等问题,从常规的合成孔径雷达差分测量技术(D-InSAR)入手,深入探讨了以永久散射体(PSI)和相干目标分析(CTA)方法为代表的点目标分析技术原理和方法,阐述了它们的特点和优势。最后,介绍了CTA方法对提取长时间地表形变场的具体应用实例,说明其方法的有效性和可靠性。  相似文献   

3.
<正>合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术因其具有高分辨率、高精度等特点,已广泛用于地震、火山、地面沉降等地表形变的监测中。然而,InSAR技术仅能获取雷达视线方向的一维形变信息,仅依靠单一轨道的SAR数据不能完全、准确地反映监测区的地表形变特征,这一缺陷大大限制了InSAR技术在地表形变监测中的推广应用。随着Envisat ASAR、ALOS PALSAR、Radarsat-2、COSMO-SkyMed和TerraSAR-X等雷达卫星数据的不断获取,在同一  相似文献   

4.
D-InSAR技术在地面沉降监测中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
姚国清  母景琴 《地学前缘》2008,15(4):239-243
重复轨道差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术在监测地表形变方面得到了深入的研究和广泛的应用。本研究将时间序列分析方法引入到差分干涉测量技术中,并和永久散射体技术相结合,提出一种基于PS点的差分干涉时间序列分析方法。该方法以干涉图上两个较近PS点的相位差为研究对象,能够消除大气相位延迟对差分干涉处理的影响。并将该方法应用在天津地面沉降监测实验中,获得了天津地区地面沉降数据和沉降分布图,取得了比较满意的结果。  相似文献   

5.
在美国直接受下陷影响地区达45个,受灾面积超过17000平方英里,每年相关经济损失约为125万美元。导致下陷的主要原因有含水层系统挤压、有机土壤排水、地下采矿、自然挤压、污水池、冻土融化等(国家调查委员会,1991)。一个强大的映射成图工具(InSAR)对于评估和缓解下陷方面比较有效。InSAR能够以惊人的精度监测地表微小形变。InSAR所形成的干涉图增强了我们监控和处理由于含水层系统挤压引起的下陷,也展现了人类控制自然物理过程的新视野。干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)是一种新型的用雷达信号监测地表微小形变的工具,其反映的空间细节水平非常惊人,测量结果精度很高。美国地质调查局及其他一些单位正在利用InSAR成图和监控由于含水层系压造成的。  相似文献   

6.
赵韬  张明义  裴万胜  王金国  岳攀  毕骏 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):1087-1097
多年冻土区地表变形严重影响着区域内生态环境和工程设施的稳定性。合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar, D-InSAR)技术作为一种新型的空间对地观测技术, 为多年冻土区地表变形监测提供了新方法。通过近20年的不断深入研究, 利用D-InSAR技术的多年冻土区地表变形监测取得了大量研究成果。首先介绍了D-InSAR技术测量地表变形的理论基础, 进而概述了D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形测量中的应用现状, 然后总结了D-InSAR测量过程中存在的关键问题及可能的解决方法。在此认识和分析的基础上, 对D-InSAR技术今后在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的发展方向进行了探讨, 以期为D-InSAR技术在多年冻土区地表变形监测中的推广应用和深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
三峡库区范家坪滑坡地表形变InSAR监测与综合分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
位于湖北省秭归县的范家坪滑坡是长江三峡库区干流上的大型岩质滑坡之一。阐述了高分辨率合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)监测滑坡地表形变的工作方法与技术体系,采用22景3m空间分辨率的TerraSAR-X数据,辅以人工反射体布设和GPS测量,对范家坪滑坡变形进行监测,发现滑坡处在缓慢匀速变形状态,其谭家河滑坡体的形变比木鱼包滑坡体更为强烈,形变最大处的雷达视线向形变速率达到300mm/a。通过综合分析滑坡区2012年大气降雨和长江水位资料,发现年度内范家坪滑坡变形受水位变化和大气降雨影响微弱。  相似文献   

8.
多年冻土随气候变暖逐渐发生退化,严重影响多年冻土区工程建设的稳定性,因此实时、准确地监测多年冻土变化迫在眉睫.合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)作为一种新型对地观测技术,可以全天时、全天候的对多年冻土区地表进行大范围监测,成为一种有效的监测手段.主要介绍InSAR技术在多年冻土区近20年的研究进展与未来发展趋势.首先介绍了InSAR技术的基本原理和常用的SAR系统,然后基于InSAR技术的发展,概述了D-InSAR和时序InSAR技术在多年冻土区的应用,并对目前发展的冻融模型进行总结,分析了多年冻土区地表形变影响因素,最后展望未来InSAR技术在多年冻土监测中的发展趋势与面临的主要问题,以期为科研人员提供系统的应用介绍.  相似文献   

9.
合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术(D-InSAR)可监测地球表面的微量形变,包括地震、火山活动、冰川漂移、地面沉降、活动断裂及山体滑坡等引起的地表位移,是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法,与其他监测方法(如GPS监测等)相比,用D-InSAR进行地面微位移监测具有全天时、全天候、精度高、覆盖范围大且空间连续的巨大优势。采用D-InSAR技术对阿尔金东段构造变形特征进行了研究,结果表明,阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原东北缘地壳变形的重要分界线。界线以北地区变形均匀,而且变形量较小;以南地区变形强烈且不均匀,变形强度的总体趋势为西高东低,中间受北祁连断裂带西段的影响,在断裂带中出现约为1.0cm的变形低值。另外,南区存在N65°W和近NW两个方向的线性强变形带,前者与阿尔金走滑断裂带次一级的压扭面方向一致,后者与北祁连断裂带西段的展布方向一致。  相似文献   

10.
利用InSAR技术研究黄土地区滑坡分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
InSAR技术能够获取大面积、连续、高精度的地表垂直形变信息,可用来监测地震、火山、滑坡等自然灾害造成的地表形变。文章介绍了InSAR技术在监测陕北黄土地区滑坡中的应用,首先进行野外地质勘察和TM光学遥感影像解译,接着通过EnviSat SAR数据差分干涉处理,获取研究区干涉形变场,提取出滑坡位移量,最后详细分析黄草湾至董家寺沿线一带的滑坡变形范围,并划定出了4个有一定变形的重点监视区。  相似文献   

11.
The central Kutch region of Gujarat, India, experienced a M7.7 earthquake on January 26, 2001, causing large-scale ground deformations including a huge loss of lives and infrastructure. The rupture of a hidden reverse fault was the reason for this intense tectonic activity. The post-seismic ground deformations, attributed to the relaxation phase of a stressed crustal layer, have been analyzed using a pair of Advanced Land Observation Satellite-Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images. The InSAR images were obtained in 2007 and 2010, covering an area around Bhuj. It falls on the Kutch Mainland Fault and Katrol Bhuj Fault. Using the ADORE-DORIS software, interferometric imagery has successfully been generated, covering the study area. This allowed making interesting geological inferences. Three different regions in the study area elicited countable visible colored fringes, indicating different amounts of positive and negative ground deformations (surface motion with respect to the satellite). They occurred within the InSAR data acquisition dates. The region around Bhuj and to the north and east of Bhuj showed top surface deformations of about 35, 35, and 24 cm, respectively. The synoptic view of the interferometric image of the study area suggests two crustal fault lines running to the north and south of Bhuj city. The Institute of Seismological Research, geophysical and Global Positioning System data, indicates that huge seismic events occurred during the year 2007–2010 and supports the observational inference of clustering of interferometric fringes to the E and NE of the study area.  相似文献   

12.
The use of Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) in northern Chile, one of the most seismically active regions in the world, is of great importance. InSAR enables geodesists not only to accurately measure Earth’s motions but also to improve fault slip map resolution and our knowledge of the time evolution of the earthquake cycle processes. Fault slip mapping is critical to better understand the mechanical behavior of seismogenic zones and has fundamental implications for assessing hazards associated with megathrust earthquakes. However, numerous sources of errors can significantly affect the accuracy of the geophysical parameters deduced by InSAR. Among them, atmospheric phase delays caused by changes in the distribution of water vapor can lead to biased model parameter estimates and/or to difficulties in interpreting deformation events captured with InSAR. The hyper-arid climate of northern Chile might suggest that differential delays are of a minor importance for the application of InSAR techniques. Based on GPS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data our analysis shows that differential phase delays have typical amplitudes of about 20 mm and may exceptionally exceed 100 mm and then may impact the inferences of fault slip for even a Mw 8 earthquakes at 10% level. In this work, procedures for mitigating atmospheric effects in InSAR data using simultaneous MODIS time series are evaluated. We show that atmospheric filtering combined with stacking methods are particularly well suited to minimize atmospheric contamination in InSAR imaging and significantly reduce the impact of atmospheric delay on the determination of fundamental earthquake parameters.  相似文献   

13.
基于InSAR的西安地面沉降与地裂缝发育特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
西安地区长期遭受地面沉降和地裂缝灾害。采用合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术对该区域1992年至今的地面沉降和地裂缝的时空特征进行了监测。主要分3个阶段进行,在每一阶段尤其对InSAR处理过程中的干涉图滤波进行了迭代自适应处理和相位解缠进行了顾及粗差的改正,通过与同期水准和GPS监测结果比较可得InSAR精度达1cm。从3个时间段的InSAR成果可以看出在空间分布上,西安市的东郊和南郊是沉降严重的区域;从时间发育来看,最大沉降阶段发生在1996年,最大沉降量达21cm,而2006年的最大沉降量减少到8cm,且沉降中心转移到西南郊;3个阶段均探测到活动地裂缝两侧的不均匀沉降,地裂缝的南侧沉降均大于北侧。该研究将为西安地区地面沉降和地裂缝的解释和减灾提供数据支持。  相似文献   

14.
Based on the working principle of satellite radars, the earthquake deformation field measured by interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) is the projection of ground displacement associated with the seismogenic fault in the line of sight (LOS) of the satellite. However, LOS projections are complex, and are not only related to the ascending/descending modes and incidence angles of SAR data, but also related to the strike and motion senses of the fault. Even for the same earthquake, the LOS deformation derived from different ascending/descending data can be almost identical in one case, but quite different in another case, which makes the interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation and its comparison with field observations difficult. In this study, we undertook a quantitative analysis of the relationships between LOS observation sensitivity of InSAR and fault strike, fault motion sense, and ascending/descending modes, as well as 3D deformation fields. We studied the features and differences of the LOS deformation fields in different types of earthquakes using ascending/descending modes, with a particularly detailed analysis of the relations for a strike-slip type of earthquake. We also summarized the characteristics of LOS deformation fields of faults with different strikes and optimal observational data modes. Taking the strike-slip Yushu earthquake and the normal Gaize event as examples, we used SAR data of the ascending/descending modes to verify the results of quantitative calculations. These analyses will not only provide a more reasonable interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation fields and but also help understand the differences of seismic deformation fields revealed by data with different observational modes, therefore promoting the application of InSAR technology in seismology.  相似文献   

15.
The development of satellite technology is rapidly increasing the evolution of remote sensing. Satellite images give extensive useful information about the land structure that is easily manageable in the process of generating true, high-speed information which allows the forecasting of future environmental and urban planning. Remote sensing comprises active and passive systems. Passive sensors detect natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or surrounding area being observed. Active systems which produce their own electromagnetic energy and their main properties are their ability of collecting data in nearly all atmospheric conditions, day or night. These systems are frequently used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) because they cover large areas. DEM supplies essential data for applications that are concerned with the Earth’s surface and DEMs derived from survey data are accurate but very expensive and time consuming to create. However, the use of satellite remote sensing to provide images to generate a DEM is considered to be an efficient method of obtaining data. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a new geodetic technique for determining earth topography. InSAR measurements are highly dense and they only give information in Line of Sight of Radar. In the study, interferograms were produced from the InSAR images taken by ERS satellites in 1992 and 2007 and we developed the methods to generate a DEM using the InSAR technique and present the results relating to Kayseri Province in Turkey. The accuracy of the DEM derived from the InSAR technique is evaluated in comparison with a reference DEM generated from contours in a topographical map.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the principle of InSAR (Interferometirc Synthetic Aperture Radar) characterized by large-scale, continuity, permanency and dynamic, we took vertical displacement of solid Earth tide as an example to simulate the large-scale deformation observed by lunar based InSAR for the first time in the study and the observation ability was analyzed. Solid Earth tide has a feature of a large-space distribution range and the lunar based InSAR exhibits a feature of an ultra-wide swath imaging. According to these features, a simplified observation geometry model was established and a mid-low latitudes area with 50 degrees span in both longitude and latitude was selected as the simulation area. Then the revisit time intervals of the lunar based SAR for the selected area and the tidal vertical displacements at the points scanned by the radar were calculated. The time differentials were further computed to get the relative vertical deformation of the solid Earth tide. The simulation results show that the revisit period of the lunar based radar is about 24.8 hours and the maximum vertical displacement in 30 days is up to 30 cm. Since the designed accuracy of the lunar based InSAR reaches several centimeters, the observing of the vertical displacement of the solid Earth tide by using the lunar based InSAR is feasible in theory as the maximum magnitude of the vertical displacement is 1 order of magnitude larger than the designed accuracy. Theoretically ,solid Earth tide is observable by using lunar based InSAR in a sizable area.We can also use the observation data to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics when observation time lasts two revisit periods or more. On the other hand,the result of the study also provides references for the parameter designing of other observations using the lunar based InSAR, especially for observing large-scale geodynamic phenomena.  相似文献   

17.
2000-2014年祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川高程变化   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
张其兵  康世昌  王晶 《冰川冻土》2017,39(4):733-740
祁连山冰川自1990s以来持续萎缩,冰川融水径流变化对邻近的干旱区水资源产生重要影响.以往遥感与实测研究显示祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川面积减少、末端退缩、运动速度降低及平衡线高度升高.为了进一步验证老虎沟12号冰川变化规律,利用高分辨率TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X微波影像数据,与SRTM-C DEM进行差分干涉,得出老虎沟12号冰川2000-2014年高程年平均变化值为(-0.29±0.09)m·a-1.为了验证遥感观测结果,利用RTK-GPS对老虎沟12号冰川表面进行测高,并与SRTM-C DEM上相应点的高程值进行比较,计算测量点的高程年变化值,结果显示两种方法获得的年平均变化值之间具有很好的正相关性,表明利用TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X微波影像数据及差分干涉技术监测祁连山冰川高程变化具有较好的可行性.  相似文献   

18.
采用短基线集时序干涉测量(small baseline subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR)技术,利用多时相合成孔径雷达数据,对川西高山峡谷区开展地表多时相、长时序形变监测与地质灾害隐患早期识别研究。介绍了时序InSAR方法原理,梳理了数据处理流程,分析了小金川河流域雷达可视性,利用2018-11—2019-12共26期的Sentinel-1A历史存档数据开展了流域内地表形变监测,结果表明: 流域内雷达视线方向的年平均形变速率为-51.12~75.28 mm/a; 依据形变异常分布规律,共判译出4处形变异常区与11处潜在地质灾害隐患点,其中6处隐患点为已知地质灾害点,其余5处隐患点尚不为人知。以隐患点P1(阿娘寨滑坡)为典型案例,开展了长时序监测分析与验证,评估利用InSAR技术开展地质灾害隐患早期识别的可靠性,证明了SBAS-InSAR技术在地质灾害早期识别中的优势及有效性,其技术成果在川西高山峡谷区具有大范围推广应用的潜力。  相似文献   

19.
On 21 March 2008, a Ms7.3 earthquake occurred at Quickbird, Yutian County, Xinjiang. We attempt to reveal the features of the causative fault of this shock and its coseismic deformation field. Our work is based on analysis and interpretation to high-resolution satellite images as well as differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) data from the satellite Envisat SAR, coupled with seismicity, focal mechanism solutions and active tectonics in this region. The result shows that the 40?km-long, nearly NS trending surface rupture zone by this event lies on a range-front alluvial platform in Qira County. It is characterized by distinct linear traces and simple structure with 1–3-m-wide individual seams and maximum 6.5?m width of a collapse fracture. Along the rupture zone many secondary fractures and fault-bounded blocks are seen, exhibiting remarkable extension. The coseismic deformation affected a large area 100×100?km2. D-InSAR analysis indicates that the interferometric deformation field is dominated by extensional faulting with a small strike-slip component. Along the causative fault, the western wall fell down and the eastern wall, that is the active unit, rose up, both with westerly vergence. Because of the big deformation gradients near the seismogenic fault, no interference fringes are seen on images, and what can be determined is a vertical displacement 70?cm or more between the two fault walls. According to the epicenter and differential occurrence times from the National Earthquake Information Center, China Earthquake Network Center, Harvard and USGS, it is suggested that the seismic fault ruptured from north to south.  相似文献   

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