首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
华北克拉通南缘早白垩世中基性火山岩成因及其地质意义   总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3  
平顶山早白垩世大营组中基性火山岩样品为钾质和钾玄岩石系列,主要由粗安岩组成,属于偏铝质岩石。低MgO(2.25%~2.88%)和Cr(17.5~30.0μg/g)、Ni(17.4~23.3μg/g),高Al2O3(17.32%~17.56%)和K2O(4.43%~4.56%),K2O/Na2O>1。稀土表现出LREE富集的右倾平滑分布型式,(La/Yb)CN=14.0~14.7,HREE弱分馏,(Gd/Yb)CN=2.42~2.66,富集Rb、Ba、K、LREE和亏损Nb-Ta、Th,弱的Sr正异常。Sr-Nd同位素较富集87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.706877~0.707005,εNd(t)=-10.9~-11.6。大营组中基性火山源区岩的稀土、微量元素地球化学和同位素组成类似于晚中生代苏鲁造山带基性火山岩,北大别镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体和北淮阳中基性火山岩(Fanetal.,2001,2004;Wangetal.,2005),暗示其可能具有相似的岩石成因,即大营组中基性火山来自于古老陆下岩石圈地幔和深俯冲的扬子下地壳混合源区的部分熔融作用,说明华北和扬子陆块在三叠纪碰撞过程中,扬子陆壳深俯冲再循环进入华北岩石圈地幔,其形成与板块俯冲作用没有直接的动力学关系,而形成于陆内伸展拉张环境下。  相似文献   

2.
华北陆块晚中生代(早白垩世)基性火成岩沿着郯庐断裂带存在显著的元素-同位素地球化学分区。其西侧(鲁西区)火成岩在主量元素上以高Mg、Fe和低Al、Ti为特征,在微量元素上富集LILE、LREE和强烈亏损HFSE(Nb、Zr、Hf、Ti和P),同时显示出EM1型Sr-Nd同位素组成;其东侧(鲁东区)火成岩则相对低Mg、Fe和高Al、Ti,在微量元素上也表现出LILE、LREE富集和Nb、P亏损的特征,Ti、Zr、Hf异常不明显,并表现出EM1+EM2的Sr-Nd同位素组成。鲁西区基性火成岩源于陆内岩石圈伸展-减薄作用下古老而富集的岩石圈地幔减压部分熔融作用的结果,鲁东区则为被俯冲陆壳物质改造的富集岩石圈地幔减压部分熔融作用产物。中生代华北陆下岩石圈地幔性质仍为古老富集型地幔,因此至少在早白垩世前不可能存在地幔柱作用和大规模的下地壳拆沉作用。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了渤海湾黄骅盆地早白垩世基性-中性-酸性火山岩和第三纪基性火山岩的元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征。早白垩世火山岩以碱性系列为主,不同基性程度的岩石具有一致的富集Sr、Ba、K、Rb等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr等高场强元素,轻重稀土强烈分异,Sr-Nd同位素组成与EM I相似,Sr同位素初始比高于方城玄武岩和汉诺坝基性麻粒岩。主量和微量元素分析表明,酸性火山岩主要来自于地壳重熔,基性火山岩具有板片流体/熔体交代富集的特征,二者的岩浆混合作用可能是中性火山岩的成因,它们共同构成了东北亚晚中生代活动大陆边缘岛弧火山岩的一部分。第三纪基性火山岩以碱性系列为主,弱富集大离子亲石元素和Ti,不亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,Zr呈弱亏损,Sr-Nd同位素组成显示呈亏损型,亏损程度低于碱锅玄武岩和汉诺坝玄武岩,但总体与OIB相似,表明岩浆源区为软流圈地幔,并且高热上涌的软流圈对上部带有俯冲带印记的岩石圈地幔的萃取可能是导致弱富集的原因。从早白垩世的岛弧环境到第三纪陆内裂谷盆地,其控制因素可能归咎于东北亚东侧大洋板块的俯冲和相互转换。法拉隆板块于晚中生代向东北亚俯冲,但晚白垩世时被伊佐奈崎与北新几内亚板块取代,后两者之间的洋脊俯冲引起的“板片窗”效应,导致了渤海湾地区裂谷盆地的发育和同期软流圈地幔来源的玄武质火山活动。  相似文献   

4.
燕山地区中牛代中基性火山岩包括钙碱性-高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,岩石类型包括粗叫玄武岩、玄武质安山岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗安岩,具有LREE富集的右倾平滑稀土配分模式,富集LILE(如Ba,K),亏损Nb-Ta和Th—U的微址元素特征,Sr-Nd同位素组成中等富集,与华北内部和兴蒙带中生代基性火山岩具有不同的特征,其Nd同位素组成和(Nb/La)s,(Hf/Sm)s比值都介于华北陆块内部和兴蒙造山带之间,反映了其熔融地幔源区继承了华北陆块内部的EMI型地幔特征外,还很可能受到俯冲板片交代作用的影响,暗示了古亚洲洋板块消减过程对华北陆缘岩石圈地幔的改造作用。类似于华北陆块南缘岩石圈减薄和置换机制,古亚洲洋俯冲板块对燕山地区古老岩石圈的交代作用在岩石圈减薄和置换过程中起了很重要的作用,而不同于华北板块内部以软流圈沿地幔薄弱带或剪切带上升熔蚀和置换岩石圈的机制  相似文献   

5.
西秦岭地区晚中生代基性火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
本文对甘肃省夏河县红墙地区火山岩进行了系统的元素-同位素地球化学研究。研究表明该地区白垩纪地层中发育的中基性火山岩,属于碱性火山岩系,岩石类型主要为玄武岩。该套玄武岩具有低且变化较小的SiO2(45.32%~46.83%),低MgO含量高,变化较大(7.68%~9.48%),具有较高的Cr(228~441μg/g)和Ni(140~217μg/g)含量。所有样品都表现出轻稀土富集的右倾平滑分布模式,轻重稀土分异中等,(La/Yb)CN=9.9~22.9,重稀土弱分异,(Gd/Yb)CN=2.6~3.0,Eu异常不明显,Eu/Eu*=1.04~1.08。Ba,Nb-Ta和Th-U不亏损,Rb,K相对亏损,Sr正异常。该区火山岩具有亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成,Sr-Nd同位素组成变化范围不大(87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.702766~0.702920,εNd(t)=8.42~10.15,t=110Ma),与Hawaii-OIB的Sr-Nd同位素组成相似.其所有地球化学特征表明该火山岩具有类似OIB的特征,可能是含软流圈地幔低度部分熔融的产物。结合对西秦岭地质构造背景和演化历史的分析,暗示该地区晚中生代岩浆源区来源于软流圈,早期深俯冲再循环扬子地壳对源区也有一定贡献,其起源可能与构造走滑作用导致岩石圈伸展碱薄和软流圈地幔上涌有关,这为秦岭大别造山带中生代岩石圈演化提供了有利的直接证据。  相似文献   

6.
华北地区晚中生代镁铁质岩浆作用及其地球动力学背景   总被引:20,自引:13,他引:7  
华北陆块及周缘地区晚中生代镁铁质岩浆岩的元素-同位素地球化学特征显示岩石圈地幔的区域不均一性。华北内部为古老而富集的EM1型岩石圈地幔,主要岩性为弥散状金云母相橄榄岩;华北北缘的岩石圈地幔相对华北内部在化学成分上饱满,在微量元素特征上高度富集LILE、LREE和亏损Nb-Ta和U-Th,在同位素组成上相对高87Sr/86Sr(i)和εNd(t),为受到再循环古老陆壳组分改造的富集型地幔;华北陆块南缘的岩石圈地幔以高87Sr/86Sr(i)和低εNd(t)为特征,与深俯冲大陆地壳改造作用 (残留陆壳板片和熔体 -地幔反应等多种形式 )密切相关。发育在华北陆块及周缘地区的晚中生代镁铁质岩浆作用形成于岩石圈伸展 -减薄的统一动力学背景。考虑到晚中生代华北陆块受到了来自周缘陆块相互作用,如西南特提斯域构造演化、印支陆块和西伯利亚板块的侧向挤压作用和古太平洋板块迅速向北运动引起的走滑拉分作用的共同影响, 我们倾向认为这些板块边界作用引起的板内效应可能是导致华北岩石圈地幔晚中生代广泛熔融和岩石圈减薄的重要动力来源.  相似文献   

7.
庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义   总被引:37,自引:1,他引:37  
从中生代到新生代,华北东部岩石圈地幔发生了减薄以及地球化学性质置换, 而扬子地块东部中生代岩石圈地幔也表现出类似的过程,对中生代火山岩的地球化学研究有助于了解这一变化过程以及发生置换时的时空关系。庐枞火山岩出露于扬子地块东部,为一套包括粗玄岩–玄武粗安岩–粗面岩的富碱橄榄安粗岩系。研究了双庙组基性火山岩,这些岩石富集Rb,K,Sr,Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素。(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7060~0.7063,εNd(t )=-3.9~-6.2,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.788~18.125,(207Pb/204Pb)i= 15.511~15.546,(208Pb/204Pb)i =37.735~38.184。在喷出地表过程中,火山岩没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,因此元素和同位素组成反映了地幔源区的地球化学特征。 其地幔源区具有同位素富集特征,表明火山岩源区曾受到地壳物质的影响,是富集地幔部分熔融的产物,并经历明显的结晶分异作用。庐枞火山岩的岩浆成分和源区特征反映该地区在晚中生代岩石圈地幔的伸展和软流圈地幔上涌的演化过程。  相似文献   

8.
汪方跃  高山  牛宝贵  张宏 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):98-108
华北克拉通罕见年龄界于120~100Ma的火山岩。承德盆地大北沟组火山岩下部主要由柱状节理橄榄玄武岩组成,中上部主要由安山岩组成。对紧邻玄武岩的上覆安山岩的火山锆石U-PbLA-ICPMS定年结果表明,形成年龄为(113.6±0.87)Ma,代表了该套火山岩的喷发年龄,表明它们形成于早白垩世晚期。对3件玄武岩样品的分析结果表明,它们亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),初始87Sr/86Sr同位素比值为0.7059,εNd(114Ma)为-11.04,具有富集型岩石圈地幔的特征。但该套玄武岩的主量和微量元素特征则介于华北克拉通中生代年龄>120Ma具古老富集型地幔特征的玄武岩和年龄<100Ma具亏损软流圈性质的玄武岩之间,表明113.6Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔在元素组成方面已具有由富集地幔向亏损型软流圈地幔转变的特征。大北沟组玄武岩的地球化学特征表明,114Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔已减薄。  相似文献   

9.
对青海省同仁县多禾茂地区火山岩进行系统的元素同位素地球化学研究表明:该地区白垩纪地层中发育的中基性火山岩,属于碱性火山岩系,岩石类型主要为玄武岩,该套玄武岩具有低且变化较小的Si O2质量分数(44.98%~48.20%),低MgO的质量分数高,变化较大(8.15%~10.98%),具有较高的Cr(208×10-6~418×10-6)和Ni(166×10-6~231×10-6)质量分数。所有样品都表现出轻稀土富集的右倾平滑分布模式,轻重稀土分异中等,(La/Yb)CN=10.09~27.2,重稀土弱分异,(Gd/Yb)CN=2.92~4.67,Eu异常不明显,Eu*/Eu=0.99~1.04。Ba,Nb-Ta和Th-U不亏损,Rb,K相对亏损,Sr正异常。该区火山岩具有亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成,Sr-Nd同位素组成变化范围不大[87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7033~0.7039,εNd(t)=6.13~8.03,t=110 Ma],与Hawaii-OIB的Sr-Nd同位素组成相似。其所有地球化学特征表明该火山岩具有类似OIB的特征,可能是含石榴子石橄榄岩低度部分熔融的产物。结合对西秦岭地质构造背景和演化历史的分析,暗示该地区晚中生代岩浆源区来源于软流圈,其起源可能与岩石圈拆沉作用,软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展减薄有关,可为秦岭大别造山带中生代岩石圈演化提供了有利的直接证据。  相似文献   

10.
溧水盆地晚中生代基性火山岩成因与深部动力学过程探讨   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
李超文  郭锋  李晓勇 《地球化学》2004,33(4):361-371
下扬子地区溧水盆地晚中生代龙王山组基性火山岩属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,具有低MgO(3.16%~4.97%)和相容元素含量(如Cr11~34μg/g、Ni 9~27 μg/g),强烈富集大离子亲石元素(Ba/Nb=94~144)、轻稀土元素(La/Nb=3.7~4.6)和亏损Nb-Ta,稍高的Sr同位素组成[(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705 73~0.706 17]和具弱负εNd(t)值(-3.0~-1.9).龙王山组基性火山岩的元素-同位素地球化学特征反映其来源于富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素的岩石圈地幔;它们在Sr-Nd同位素组成上与大别-苏鲁造山带同时代的基性火成岩具有明显的差别,暗示其熔融源区不大可能受到俯冲陆壳的改造富集作用,更可能是早期具高Rb/Sr、低Sm/Nd和亏损高场强元素的流体/熔体交代作用的结果,总体上具有俯冲大洋板片交代作用的特征.在岩浆熔融深部动力学方面,晚中生代高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩浆的起源主要归结于深部岩石圈地幔的热扰动作用和岩石圈伸展-减薄作用,在时空上匹配于同时代郯庐断裂带的巨大走滑活动.  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

17.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号