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1.
1953 - 2016年华山积雪变化特征及其与气温和降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用华山气象站1953 - 2016年气象观测资料和1989 - 2016年Landsat TM卫星遥感影像数据， 分析华山积雪变化的基本特征及其与气温、 降水和大气环流的关系。结果表明： 1953 - 2016年华山平均积雪日数78.5 d， 积雪主要出现在每年的10月 - 次年5月， 64 a来积雪初日推迟， 终日提前， 初终间日数减少， 年度、 冬半年、 冬季积雪日数分别以8.3 d?（10a）-1、 7.6 d?（10a）-1、 4.7 d?（10a）-1的减少率显著减少。1981 - 2016年华山年度最大积雪深度减少趋势不显著， 年度累积积雪深度以88.2 cm?（10a）-1的减少率显著减少， 一年中积雪日数、 最大积雪深度和累积积雪深度的减少（小）趋势均以3月最为显著。1989 - 2016年华山区域积雪面积、 浅雪和深雪面积减少趋势不明显。1953 - 2016年华山年度、 冬半年、 冬季平均气温升高， 降水量减少。积雪日数与平均气温存在显著的负相关， 与降水量存在显著的正相关， 气温是影响华山积雪日数的最主要因素。年度、 冬半年和冬季积雪日数突变年份与相应时段平均气温突变年份相近。1953 - 2016年华山冬半年、 冬季平均气温和降水量均与大气环流指数相关显著， 华山冬半年和冬季积雪日数与同期西藏高原指数、 印缅槽强度指数、 南极涛动指数和西太平洋副高西伸脊点指数为明显的负相关， 与850 hPa东太平洋信风指数、 亚洲区极涡面积指数为明显正相关。 相似文献
2.
1981-2010年青藏高原积雪日数时空变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球气候变暖大背景下, 作为冰冻圈最为活跃和敏感因子, 青藏高原积雪变化备受国内外关注. 本文利用青藏高原(以下简称高原)1981-2010年地面观测积雪日数资料, 较系统地分析了近30年来高原积雪日数的时空变化特点. 主要结论如下: (1) 近30年内高原平均年积雪日数出现了非常显著的减少趋势, 减少幅度达4.81 d·(10a)-1, 其中冬季减幅最为明显, 为2.36 d·(10a)-1, 其次是春季(2.05 d·(10a)-1), 而夏季最少(0.21 d·(10a)-1); (2) 30年间, 积雪日数较少的年份多数出现在本世纪初10年内, 且2010年属于异常偏少年, 高原积雪日数在1997年左右发生了由多到少的气候突变; (3) 在空间上, 北部柴达木盆地及其附件区域部分气象台站观测的年积雪日数出现了不显著的增加趋势之外, 高原91.5%的气象站年积雪日数呈减少趋势, 且高寒内陆中东部和西南喜马拉雅山脉南麓等高原历年积雪日数高值区域减少最为明显; (4) 由于受到气象台站所在地理位置、地形地貌、地表类型、海拔高度、局地气候以及大气环流等综合影响, 高原平均年积雪日数的空间差异很大, 最多达146 d, 最少的则不足1 d, 平均仅为38 d, 其中高寒内陆中东部是积雪日数最长的区域, 而东南部海拔和纬度较低的干热河谷地区积雪日数最少. 相似文献
3.
印度季风和东亚季风是亚洲季风的两个子系统.现代器测数据和地质历史重建记录均证明两个季风在季节和轨道尺度上具有相同的特征.然而,在年一年代际尺度上,两者的相互关系尚不清楚.笔者通过比较两个分别来自印度季风区(阿曼Defore洞)和东亚季风区(中国和尚洞)的超高分辨石笋氧同位素序列,研究780 a以来印度和东亚季风变化及其相互作用.阿曼石笋氧同位素记录印度季风的变化,而和尚洞石笋δ18 O则是东亚季风变化的指示器.笔者发现,在年代际尺度上阿曼石笋和中国石笋具有相同的氧同位素组成变化特征,同时反映了亚洲季风的强弱变化,表明了印度季风和东亚季风变化是同步的. 相似文献
4.
利用MODIS逐日无云积雪产品与AMSR-E雪水当量产品进行融合, 获取了青藏高原500 m分辨率的高精度雪水当量产品, 通过研究青藏高原积雪时空动态变化特征, 分析了积雪覆盖日数、雪水当量以及总雪量的季节及年际变化. 结果表明: 青藏高原地区降雪主要集中在高海拔山区, 而高原腹地降雪较少, 降雪在空间上分布极为不均; 2003-2010年期间, 平均积雪日数呈显著减少趋势, 稳定积雪区面积在逐渐扩大, 常年积雪区面积在不断缩小. 与积雪日数时空变化相比, 雪水当量增加的区域与积雪日数增加的区域基本一致, 但喜马拉雅山脉在积雪日数减少的情况下雪水当量却在逐年增加, 表明该地区温度升高虽然导致部分常年积雪向季节性积雪过渡, 但降雪量却在增加. 总的积雪面积年际变化呈波动下降的趋势, 但趋势不显著, 且减少的比例很少. 最大积雪面积呈现波动上升后下降的趋势, 平均累积积雪总量呈明显的波动下降趋势, 年递减率为1.0×103 m3·a-1. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原是气候变化的敏感区,其积雪在区域水文循环和气候系统中具有重要作用。本文利用1980—2020年逐日无云积雪覆盖遥感数据,分析了该地区近40年的积雪面积、积雪覆盖日数的分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明：青藏高原地区积雪分布具有明显的空间分异和垂直地带性分布特征,阿姆河流域、印度河流域、塔里木盆地、恒河流域、怒江流域和雅鲁藏布江流域的高海拔山区是积雪广泛分布的地区。在水文年内,高原地区积雪覆盖率呈单峰变化,8月上旬积雪面积最小,1月中下旬达到最大,分别占高原总面积的5.2%和38.6%;40年间,高原地区平均积雪面积以3.9×104 km2·(10a)-1的趋势显著减少(P<0.05);积雪覆盖日数以0.47 d·a-1的趋势显著减少,高原71.4%的区域积雪覆盖日数呈减少趋势,呈显著减少的区域约占55.3%;17.1%的区域积雪覆盖日数呈显著增加趋势,且主要分布在5 200 m以上的高海拔山区,在海拔5 200～5 900 m之间的区域,积雪覆盖日数的增加率随海拔升高而增加。 相似文献
6.
《地球科学进展》2012,27(1)
全球卫星探测和观测资料的积累,使以南海季风、亚洲季风为代表的季风研究兴起了一波研究热潮。区域季风认识的深入,推动了全球季风认识的发展,全球季风概念在20世纪末被提出来,并在21世纪初成为热点研究方向。季风边缘是与全球季风密切相关的概念,东亚夏季风北边缘的近期演变与全球季风过去几十年的减弱有关。全球季风的演变表现为分布全球的大气活动中心和季风槽的活动,这些成员组成了一个完整的全球季风系统。按照上述季风研究的发展脉络,系统地总结全球季风和季风边缘研究的进展,并提出未来季风研究的方向会把全球大气活动中心与全球气候槽,包括全球季风槽联系起来,即从季风系统着手研究全球季风的年代际和世纪尺度变率。 相似文献
7.
河套及其邻近不稳定积雪区积雪日数时空变化规律研究 总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3
利用河套及其邻近地区(30°～43°N,102°～120°E)240个地面气象观测站1951-2006年的积雪日数资料,采用EOF/REOF进行分解,分析了该区积雪的时空异常分布情况.结果表明:河套及其邻近地区积雪日数有3个主要的分布型,第1种类型为全区一致地偏多(偏少)型,相似年份有13 a;第2种类型为南多(少)北少(多)的南北相反分布型,相似年份有7 a;第3种类型为东多(少)西少(多)的东西相反分布型,相似年份有2 a.对年积雪日数进行REOF分解可将研究区域分为6个气候分区.利用Morlet小波分析表明,研究区域年积雪日数变化存在准18 a周期.在全球变暖的大背景下,研究区域的年积雪日数整体呈减少的趋势,减少最显著的在高纬度和高海拔地区. 相似文献
8.
全球季风和季风边缘研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
全球卫星探测和观测资料的积累,使以南海季风、亚洲季风为代表的季风研究兴起了一波研究热潮。区域季风认识的深入,推动了全球季风认识的发展,全球季风概念在20世纪末被提出来,并在21世纪初成为热点研究方向。季风边缘是与全球季风密切相关的概念,东亚夏季风北边缘的近期演变与全球季风过去几十年的减弱有关。全球季风的演变表现为分布全球的大气活动中心和季风槽的活动,[JP2]这些成员组成了一个完整的全球季风系统。按照上述季风研究的发展脉络,系统地总结全球季风和季风边缘研究的进展,并提出未来季风研究的方向会把全球大气活动中心与全球气候槽,包括全球季风槽联系起来,即从季风系统着手研究全球季风的年代际和世纪尺度变率。 相似文献
9.
10.
应用1961-2013年逐日积雪深度及气象要素资料,采用REOF、多元线性回归等方法,分析了青海高原积雪日数时空分布特征,探讨了各季节积雪日数与气温和降水的关系.结果表明：（1）青海高原积雪日数呈先增加再减少的变化趋势,1961年至20世纪90年代末呈增加趋势,其中1982年达到峰值为44天,2000-2012年呈减少趋势.（2）青海高原积雪时空分布不均,地域差异大,分为六个积雪气候区,主要特点为高原南部积雪日数最多且呈显著增加趋势;东部农业区、西部柴达木盆地积雪少且呈下降趋势.（3）冬、春季积雪日数有上升趋势,冬季较显著;秋季积雪日数有下降趋势.（4）各季节平均气温均呈上升趋势,是影响秋、春季积雪的关键因子;冬、春季降水量呈上升趋势,是影响冬季积雪的关键因子.青海高原冬、春季有暖湿化趋势. 相似文献
11.
青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系研究 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
利用青藏高原72个站逐日积雪、冻土观测资料,AVHRR归一化植被指数（NDVI）和全国550个站逐日降水资料,分析了青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系。结果表明,我国夏季降水在华北和东北南部,长江中下游和华南地区降水空间一致性较好,相邻站点间降水变化趋势近似。华南、长江中下游和淮河降水呈增加趋势,其中长江中下游每10年增加37 mm,但华北降水呈减少趋势。华南、长江中下游和华北对高原积雪、冻土和植被的变化均较为敏感,而淮河仅对高原植被变化较为敏感。利用高原积雪、冻土和植被建立了代表高原地表特征的变化序列,其对长江中下游、淮河、华北夏季降水均有较好指示意义,与夏季降水的相关系数由南到北表现为"负-正-负"的分布特征。最后,提出一种高原陆表状况影响中国夏季降水的概念模型：高原冬春积雪偏多（少）、冬季冻土偏厚（薄）、春季植被偏多（少）会使得夏季高原地区土壤湿度偏大（小）,高原地表感热偏弱（强）,从而使得南亚高压和西太副高偏弱（强）,南海季风偏弱（强）,长江流域降水偏多（少）,华南和华北地区降水偏少（多）。 相似文献
12.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(1-2):170-188
High-resolution oxygen isotope (δ18O) profiles of Holocene stalagmites from four caves in Northern and Southern Oman and Yemen (Socotra) provide detailed information on fluctuations in precipitation along a latitudinal transect from 12°N to 23°N. δ18O values reflect the amount of precipitation which is primarily controlled by the mean latitudinal position of the ITCZ and dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). During the early Holocene rapidly decreasing δ18O values indicate a rapid northward displacement in the mean latitudinal position of the summer ITCZ and the associated ISM rainfall belt, with decadal- to centennial-scale changes in monsoon precipitation correlating well with high-latitude temperature variations recorded in Greenland ice cores. During the middle to late Holocene the summer ITCZ continuously migrated southward and monsoon precipitation decreased gradually in response to decreasing solar insolation, a trend, which is also recorded in other monsoon records from the Indian and East Asian monsoon domains. Importantly, there is no evidence for an abrupt middle Holocene weakening in monsoon precipitation. Although abrupt monsoon events are apparent in all monsoon records, they are short-lived and clearly superimposed on the long-term trend of decreasing monsoon precipitation. For the late Holocene there is an anti-correlation between ISM precipitation in Oman and inter-monsoon (spring/autumn) precipitation on Socotra, revealing a possible long-term change in the duration of the summer monsoon season since at least 4.5 ka BP. Together with the progressive shortening of the ISM season, gradual southward retreat of the mean summer ITCZ and weakening of the ISM, the total amount of precipitation decreased in those areas located at the northern fringe of the Indian and Asian monsoon domains, but increased in areas closer to the equator. 相似文献
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14.
Indian Monsoon Variability in a Global Warming Scenario 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) constituted by the World Meteorological Organisation provides expert guidance regarding scientific and technical aspects of the climate problem. Since 1990 IPCC has, at five-yearlyintervals, assessedand reported on the current state of knowledge and understanding of the climate issue. These reports have projected the behaviour of the Asian monsoon in the warming world. While the IPCC Second Assessment Report (IPCC, 1996) on climate model projections of Asian/Indian monsoon stated ``Most climate models produce more rainfall over South Asia in a warmer climate with increasing CO2', the recent IPCC (2001) Third Assessment Report states ``It is likely that the warming associated with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will cause an increase in Asian summer monsoon variability and changes in monsoon strength.'Climate model projections(IPCC, 2001) also suggest more El Niño – like events in the tropical Pacific, increase in surface temperatures and decrease in the northern hemisphere snow cover. The Indian Monsoon is an important component of the Asian monsoon and its links with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, northern hemisphere surface temperature and Eurasian snow are well documented.In the light of the IPCC globalwarming projections on the Asian monsoon, the interannual and decadal variability in summer monsoon rainfall over India and its teleconnections have been examined by using observed data for the 131-year (1871–2001) period. While the interannual variations showyear-to-year random fluctuations, thedecadal variations reveal distinct alternate epochs of above and below normal rainfall. The epochs tend to last for about three decades. There is no clear evidence to suggest that the strength and variability of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall (IMR) nor the epochal changes are affected by the global warming. Though the 1990s have been the warmest decade of the millennium(IPCC, 2001), the IMR variability has decreased drastically.Connections between the ENSO phenomenon, Northern Hemisphere surface temperature and the Eurasian snow with IMR reveal that the correlations are not only weak but have changed signs in the early 1990s suggesting that the IMR has delinked not only with the Pacific but with the Northern Hemisphere/Eurasian continent also. The fact that temperature/snow relationships with IMR are weak further suggests that global warming need not be a cause for the recent ENSO-Monsoon weakening.Observed snow depth over theEurasian continent has been increasing, which could be a result of enhanced precipitation due to the global warming. 相似文献
15.
India Peninsula and East Asia are high aerosol loading regions as well as major regions influenced by Asian monsoon. The changes of monsoon intensity and precipitation have great influence on economy, especially agricultural production of monsoon regions. There are many researches of impacts of aerosol on Indian monsoon, which have achieved many comprehensive progresses. Earlier researches show that atmospheric brown cloud caused negative radiative forcing and weakened the warming induced by greenhouse gases. Current researches show that absorbing aerosol enhanced the Indian monsoon and increased rainfall in pre-monsoon season, while the scattering effect of aerosol weakened the Indian summer monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon and rainfall in monsoon season. Due to so many factors affecting the monsoon, researches of aerosol impacts on monsoon become more complex. Thus, these results remain uncertain. This paper reviews previous researches and generalizes the mechanisms of impacts of aerosols on Asian monsoon. By comparing the East Asian summer monsoon with the Indian summer monsoon, we discussed deficiencies of the prior researches, and pointed out the direction for future researches about the impact of aerosol on the Asian summer monsoon, especially on the East Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
16.
Glacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for the existence of two Late Pleistocene major glacial advances in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating results reveal that the two glacial advances occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in MIS 2, respectively. Geomorphic evidence shows that the glacial advance during MIS 3 was more extensive than that in MIS 2. This glacial advance is synchronous with other glaciated areas in the Himalaya and Tibet, but contrasts with global ice volumes that reached their maximum extent during the LGM. Glaciers in the Queer Shan are of the summer accumulation type and are mainly fed by precipitation from the south Asian monsoon. Palaeoclimate proxies show that during MIS 3 the south Asian monsoon strengthened and extended further north into the Tibetan Plateau to supply more precipitation as snow at high altitudes. This in turn led to positive glacier mass balances and caused glaciers to advance. However, during the LGM, despite cooler temperature than in MIS 3, the weakened south Asian monsoon and the associated reduced precipitation were not as favourable for glacier expansion as in MIS 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
本综述了积雪大尺度气候效应研究在相关分析、天气气候学诊断以及数值以得的重要进展、评论了前人研究中存在的主要问题，强调指出准确而详尽的积雪空间分布、季节变化与年际波动是揭示积雪对气候影响物理机制所必不可缺少的。向欧亚大陆或青藏高原积血可对东亚季风产生持续性影响这一被广泛接受的看法提出了挑战。全球海气异常，东亚季风和欧亚大陆积雪之间的相互关系，有待用真实的积雪变化做进一步探讨。 相似文献
18.
青藏高原冬春季积雪异常与西南地区夏季降水的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选取1961-2007年青藏高原冬、春季积雪日数资料和西南地区夏季降水资料,对高原积雪和降水作奇异值分解(SVD)分析.结果表明:冬春季高原积雪对西南地区夏季旱涝有重要的影响.冬、春季高原积雪的不同分布将造成后期西南地区夏季降水分布出现差异.西南地区夏季降水对冬季高原积雪异常最敏感的区域主要是四川东北部、重庆、西藏中西部,对春季积雪异常最敏感的区域主要位于四川东部、重庆、贵州东北部,以及西藏中东部.与降水敏感区相对应的冬季高原积雪分布的关键区是西藏中西部和青海中南部至四川西北部地区,春季则转变为西藏西部和青海部分地区.总的来说,冬季高原积雪的异常变化比春季对西南地区夏季降水的影响更为明显.因此,前期青藏高原积雪是西南地区夏季降水预测中的一个重要信号,对夏季西南地区降水有一定的指示和预测意义;冬季高原积雪日数尤其具有预报指示意义,可作为一个重要的预测指标. 相似文献
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Using a historical database (1952–2007) of sea surface temperature (SST) from a subtropical high-controlled area (110°E–140°E,
15°N–35°N) of the west Pacific Ocean and the precipitation over Hunan Province of southeast China, we analyzed time series
variations of precipitation in relation to the East Asian summer monsoon and a global warming setting. The results show that
there has been a significant increase in SST of the subtropical high-controlled area in the recent 50 years. Although the
increase in annual summer monsoon precipitation during the same period has been subtle over Hunan province, seasonal rainfall
distribution has obviously changed, represented by a reduction in May, but a significant increase through June to August,
especially in July. We suggest that the mechanism of seasonal redistribution of monsoon precipitation is primarily due to
the increasing SST that delays the intrusion of the west Pacific Subtropical High, therefore leading to a postponing of migration
of the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall belt inland and northward. 相似文献