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1.
腾冲火山区的现代幔源氦释放:构造和岩浆活动意义 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
深地震测深(DSS)和大地电磁测深(MT)都表明腾冲火山区现今仍存在壳内岩浆囊,但对其数量和空间分布还存在分歧并缺乏全貌性认识。MT探测认为腾冲火山区是一个软流圈上涌和岩石圈减薄区,但对这一减薄区的空间范围还缺乏充分的约束。通过对腾冲火山区及外围大范围温泉逸出气体的分析测试,我们共获得了75个温泉逸出气体的氦同位素3He/4He比值数据(部分为前人资料)。利用氦同位素示踪原理,我们研究了腾冲火山区幔源氦释放强度空间分布和时间变化特征,结果发现:腾冲火山区的幔源挥发份释放呈1带3区分布。以3He/4He≥1 Ra,幔源氦比例≥15%为界,腾冲火山区的幔源挥发份释放异常区呈整片分布,为一南北走向的条带,南北长100km,东西宽50km。在整片异常区的内部,腾冲火山区的幔源挥发份释放又有强度不同的3个区域:① 中部腾冲县城-热海一带,3He/4He比值达到5.5 Ra以上,幔源氦比例达到70%以上,释放强度最强。② 北部曲石一带,3He/4He比值达4.5 Ra以上,幔源氦比例达到50%以上,释放强度次之。③ 南部五合-蒲川-新华一带,3He/4He比值达2Ra以上,幔源氦比例达到25%以上,释放强度最弱;腾冲火山区幔源挥发份释放强度在不断升高,其中第3个释放区的3He/4He比值(Ra)升高速率比前两者明显要大。我们认为:腾冲火山区现今幔源挥发份释放强度的空间分布图象就是该地区软流圈上涌和岩石圈减薄区空间尺度和上涌强度的最直接反映,上涌区(减薄区)的大小大致为南北长100km,东西宽50km;腾冲火山区现今存在3个壳内岩浆囊。第1个岩浆囊位于腾冲县城-热海一带,第2个岩浆囊位于马站-曲石一带,第3个岩浆囊位于五合-龙江-团田-蒲川-新华一带;腾冲火山区3个岩浆囊都在不断受到幔源岩浆的持续补充;第1个岩浆囊集幔源挥发份释放、相对地热梯度、地壳形变和地震活动等异常于一身,活动性最强,是未来腾冲火山最可能喷发的地点,需重点监视。第2个岩浆囊的幔源挥发份释放强度也引人注目,需加强监测。第3个岩浆囊规模大,埋深较浅,幔源挥发份释放增加较快,需引起注意。 相似文献
2.
腾冲火山区壳内岩浆囊现今温度:来自温泉逸出气体 CO2、CH4间碳同位素分馏的估计 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
温度是岩浆囊的重要物理参数,获取温度参数并监测其变化对更好地理解岩浆囊的物理化学性质和行为、评价火山的活动性和喷发危险性具有重要的理论和现实意义.本文通过对温泉逸出气体CO2和CH4碳同位素样品的采集、分析测试,利用Horita通过实验矫正的Richet的平衡分馏系数的理论计算数据,通过拟合得到的CO2-CH4碳同位素平衡分馏方程T(K)=3880.3(10001nα(CO2-CH4))-0.5984,计算了腾冲火山区现存3个岩浆囊的温度.结果表明:在整个腾冲火山区,由CO2和CH4的碳同位素分馏值计算的气体源区平衡温度最低397℃,最高1163℃,平均615℃.腾冲火山区的3个岩浆囊中,南部五合-龙江-浦川岩浆囊的现今温度在464～1163℃,平均773℃,温度最高;中部腾冲-和顺-热海岩浆囊的现今温度在438 ～773℃间,平均达566℃,温度次之;北部马站-曲石-永安岩浆囊的现今温度在397～651℃间,平均达524℃,温度最低.我们认为,腾冲火山区地下岩浆囊顶部气体富集区目前的温度变化范围为400～ 1200℃,岩浆囊的实际温度应高于平均值615℃.3个岩浆囊的边缘温度可能在400 ～600℃间,中心温度可能在700～1200℃间.3个岩浆囊中心的现今温度已达到流纹岩浆(600～900℃)、安山岩(800 ～ 1100℃)和玄武岩浆(1000～1250℃)的形成温度,进一步说明腾冲火山区目前3个岩浆囊是客观存在的.另外,我们发现在用δ-△图解法判断CO2-CH4间碳同位素分馏平衡的过程中,在保持2条拟合直线的斜率符号相反的条件下,无论如何剔除数据点,都不能使δ13CCO2-ΔCO2-CH4拟合直线的截距bCO2和δ13 CCH4-ΔCO2-CH14拟合直线的截距bCH4之差bΔ小于0.1245,说明2条拟合直线的交点不能落于δ轴上,而这一数值与Horita方程的常数项接近,这说明CO2-CH4间碳同位素分馏方程中确实存在常数项,CO2和CH4间在再高的温度下都存在碳同位素的分馏.δ-△图解法判断CO2-CH4间碳同位素分馏平衡准则应修正为:在保持2条拟合直线的斜率符号相反的条件下,δ13 CCO2-ΔCO2-CH4拟合直线和δ13CCH4-ΔCO2-CH4拟合直线应相交于δ轴附近截距差0.1245处. 相似文献
3.
由相对地热梯度推断的腾冲火山区现存岩浆囊 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15
为利用温泉来研究和监测腾冲火山区的现今岩浆分布并探讨其活动性，提出相对地热梯度的概念：假设各热田或水热活动区的热储深度相等，则热储温度与地表温泉温度之差为该地相对地热梯度。通过对前人在该地区获得的温泉的基本要素和温泉水化学分析数据分析，选取了159个温泉计算相对地热梯度。用这159个数据，通过克里金插值方法获得了腾冲火山区的相对地热梯度平面分布。结果发现腾冲火山区有3个相对地热梯度在100℃以上的高值区域。结合其他资料，认为腾冲火山区现今存在3个岩浆囊，它们的几何尺度为19～28kin，深度为4～12km或更深，并且目前的活动性各不相同。 相似文献
4.
云南腾冲火山盆地深部存在岩浆囊是人们关注的问题,多方面进行了大量的研究且存在不同意见。作者此前依据低电阻异常推断出位于小空山、大空山、黑空山等火山口的下部,深13~30 km范围内东西向25 km,南北向30km的低电阻率的岩浆囊,其东侧为大盈江断裂。文章利用反射地震、重力、航空磁测资料进一步探讨了岩浆囊的其他地球物理特征。由于火山喷发,不仅在火山口附近形成了局部物质亏损,而且,岩浆囊本身也亏损了岩浆物质,在重力上延图中滤去了表层的火山局部负重力异常后,呈现出大空山北侧的与低阻体相对应的负重力异常,这与岩浆囊高温熔融状态含水低密度物质有密切关系。整体的重力负异常印证了低阻岩浆囊的存在。腾冲马站岩浆囊的温度为397~651°C,平均温度为524°C,其主体中心部位不可能存在磁性体。对航磁资料的处理,消除表层火山岩影响后,仍然发现有较强磁异常,其平面投影范围与低阻体相近,推断磁异常是岩浆囊顶层,在15 km深度以上范围内,随着岩浆囊体温度逐步下降,当低于480°C以后会形成新的铁磁性矿物,因此,在囊体上层出现了范围与囊体相近的较强的磁性体。反射地震仅仅在浅部较清楚地观测到较连续的反射波界面,是浅部火山岩、含水层、以及花岗岩顶界面的反映。向深部反射界面很不连续推测是由于多次岩浆上涌,其喷发时间有先后,成分有差异,故岩浆囊物质的不均匀性,虽然由于含水、矿化、熔融体构成了低电阻的共性,可温度的不均匀,却又显示了不同期次岩浆成分有变化,由岩浆囊向地表的通道上,东部花岗岩下为高速,相对于较低温度的物质,在小空山、大空山和黑空山深部沿大盈江断裂带有东西两个大的隐伏花岗岩体之间是最新的火山喷发通道,具有相对低速的通道。 相似文献
5.
长白山火山区地壳热结构尚未建立,目前基于地球物理探测手段获得的天池火山浅部岩浆房赋存深度存在差异.通过对天池火山北坡CZK07钻孔测温情况的研究,在资料评价与地温梯度计算的基础上,结合全新世岩浆房温度资料,估算了北坡浅部岩浆房的赋存深度.CZK07钻孔位于地球物理探测所推测的浅部岩浆房正上方,靠近历史时期火山喷发火口,在孔深约610 m处地温较高且稳定(102.5~106.8℃).连续测温资料显示,钻孔地温随深度呈一次正相关变化,地温梯度主要变化于134~178℃/km之间(平均为153℃/km),可大致代表浅部岩浆房上覆地壳的地温梯度.基于前人浅部岩浆房的温度研究,本次定量估算的天池火山北坡浅部岩浆房的赋存深度,为天池水面下5.25~7.21 km,与地球物理探测的反演结果相近. 相似文献
6.
火山隐伏机构的研究对火山演化、火山地热勘探与开发具有重要的意义。本文选取伊通盆地内的横头山火山开展研究,采用航磁、大地电磁测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深等多种地球物理方法探测火山隐伏机构,揭示了横头山火山的形成时间和深部动力学过程,以及隐伏岩体的空间形态和构造环境,确立了一套针对隐伏火山机构的地球物理探测体系。研究表明:横头山火山形成于第四纪早更新世晚期,在压扭应力作用下,玄武岩岩浆由深部沿马鞍山断裂挤出地表,现阶段岩浆通道已经闭合,一部分岩浆停留在通道中;横头山火山隐伏部分与围岩存在较大磁性差异,地表磁异常面积为2.6km2,沿马鞍山断裂北东向不均匀分布,埋藏深度小于1 000m。 相似文献
7.
雷州半岛地热场主要受基底构造格局的控制和地下水活动的影响,隐伏花岗岩体放射性元素生热对盖层地温的贡献不可忽视,第四纪更新世火山喷发活动的岩浆余热已几乎完全散失,岩浆体和围岩温度已趋于平衡。由火山喷发而形成的雷北螺岗岭和雷南石峁岭两个玄武岩台地,为半岛地下水的主要补给区,由于冷水流下渗的地温效应,新生界盖层浅部地温梯度<3℃/100m,呈现地热负异常。在以传导传热为主的区域,地热场特点与华北盆地相似,新生界盖层地温梯度与基底岩面的埋深密切相关。由于地壳深部较均一的热流在地壳表部再分配的结果,若干凸起区盖层地温梯度为4—5℃/100m,呈现地热正异常。某些控制凸起区的边界断裂,当深层热水沿其上涌,造成附加热源,和传导传热相叠加,盖层地温梯度可高达5—8℃/100m,形成更鲜明的地热正异常。 相似文献
8.
高温地热系统中赋存着大量的地热能资源.为了进一步了解高温地热系统, 以腾冲热海热田为典型研究区, 利用热泉地球化学组成, 基于多种地球化学模型确定了热田深部母地热流体的温度, 并分析了其升流后经历的不同冷却过程.热海热田的硫磺塘水热区和热水塘水热区所排泄的热泉源自共同的深部热储, 该热储中母地热流体的Cl-质量浓度为265 mg/L, 温度为336 ℃.在热海热田, 母地热流体在经历绝热冷却过程后直接形成了泉口温度最高的大滚锅泉, 而其他中性泉均由母地热流体先与浅部地下冷水混合再经历绝热冷却形成.母地热流体的深部热储之上存在多个温度在200 ℃以上的热储, 这些热储的形成受控于热海地区发育的多组方向不同的断裂. 相似文献
9.
10.
云南腾冲黑空山、马鞍山和打莺山火山粗安岩显微结构特征及其火山学意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
火山喷发物记录了岩浆的整个活动历史,对火山喷发物的研究可以了解大量的岩浆活动特征信息。本文对腾冲火山区的三座全新世火山——黑空山、马鞍山和打莺山火山熔岩进行了详细的研究,包括熔岩和斑晶的成分、显微结构特征和斑晶的晶体大小分布(CSD)分析。研究发现,黑空山、马鞍山和打莺山火山熔岩以粗安岩为主,三座火山粗安岩中的斑晶成分范围接近,但它们的显微结构特征具有一定的差异,反映了不同的岩浆环境,推测来自不同的岩浆囊。黑空山粗安岩中斜长石斑晶的CSD曲线呈微上凹形,反映了小规模的岩浆混合作用。马鞍山和打莺山粗安岩的微斑晶CSD曲线呈很好的线性关系,说明微斑晶形成时的环境相对稳定,推测这些微斑晶是在岩浆上升过程中,停留在地壳的某处并形成一个小型的岩浆囊后受围岩的冷却作用形成。根据以上的分析,认为腾冲火山区下在横向和纵向上均至少存在两个岩浆囊。 相似文献
11.
江苏地温水温场特征及地热异常分布规律与控制条件探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江苏地温分布的一般规律是：坳陷区地温高于隆起区，坳陷区中次级正向构造高于负向构造，隆起区中则相反，此外，地温随深度加大而增高，全省的第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ含水层中，共划盼出热水异常３５个，按平面分布的重叠性归并为２１个地热异常，其中大部分可归纳为个异常带，扬子准地台区是本省地热异常的主要分布区。 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):905-925
We present results of our simulation study of the effects of the depth (top of the magma chamber at 5–10 km) and volume (1000–1400 km3) of the primary heat source beneath the Los Humeros caldera. The thermal gradient in the vicinity of the magma chamber calculated from the temperature excess (difference between the simulated and the initial temperatures prior to emplacement of the magma) is more sensitive to its depth of intrusion than to its volume. This relationship was quantified from multiple linear regression equations. The temperature excess at 2–3 km depth due to the emplacement of magma and its conductive cooling is also more dependent on the chamber depth than on its volume. Therefore, in the study of calderas, volcanoes, and geothermal fields, constraining the chamber depth is more important than its volume. Similarly, comparison of the thermal regime inferred along vertical and horizontal profiles shows the importance of solving the thermal transport equations in three dimensions instead of one or two dimensions. 相似文献
13.
Zhu Bingqiu Zhu Lixin Shi Changyi Yu Hui Wang Gongyuan 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1989,33(1-3)
From 1983 to 1985, an orientation study was carried out in about 20 geothermal fields in China. Semi-detailed and detailed surveys were conducted in an area of 90 km2 in Yangbajing, Tibet. Hg, As, Sb and Bi were used as indicators to extend the promising area of known geothermal fields to 16 km2. In the northern part of the extended promising area, three drill holes were sunk and high-temperature thermal water of 160°C was obtained. In the southern part, outside the geochemical anomaly, two holes were drilled but no thermal water was found. The inner zone of the Hg anomaly coincides closely with the distribution of drill holes that met thermal water with temperatures higher than 140°C. The distribution of Bi values may indicate that the thermal water in the southern part is at shallower depth. A semi-regional survey in an area of 200 km2 in Tengchong, Yunnan Province delineated several new prospects, which will possibly extend the resources of the Rehai geothermal field. An element zoning pattern similar to that of hydrothermal mineral deposits was discovered in the Rehai geothermal field. A semi-regional survey conducted in Xiaotangshan near Beijing indicated that the possible extent of the Xiaotangshan geothermal field may reach 30 km2. Drilling confirmed that the outer zone of the Hg anomaly is in accordance with the distribution of 40°C thermal water, and the intermediate and inner zones of the Hg anomaly are associated with higher temperature thermal water. Research during the three years 1983–1985 demonstrated that exploration geochemistry is an effective tool for finding geothermal fields. 相似文献
14.
George Miliaresis 《Earth Science Informatics》2012,5(1):1-12
A new method for elevation and latitude decorrelation stretch of multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST) in the East
Africa Rift System (EARS) from MODIS 2008 monthly average night imagery and Globe digital elevation model (DEM) is presented.
Multiple linear regression analysis of principal components images (PCAs) quantifies the variance explained by elevation and
latitude. Selective variance reduction (SVR) reconstructs the multi-temporal LST imagery from the residual images and selected
PCAs by taking into account the portion of variance not related to elevation and latitude. Clustering of the reconstructed
imagery identifies two major thermal anomalies a) in the Afar Triangle, and b) a new one in between the Ethiopia and Kenya.
These regions present LST values higher than the elevation and latitude predicted ones through out the year. It is assumed
that the new thermal anomaly corresponds to a triple junction formed in between the Ethiopian Rift and the Eastern and the
Western branches of the EARS, in an area where active volcanoes and mantle plume activity concentrate. SVR is expected to
assist tectonic and volcanic zones characterization on the basis of their thermal response. 相似文献
15.
The Hellenic Peninsula and the adjacent Aegean and Ionian seas are segmented into regions on the basis of Terra satellite-MODIS
instrument derived land surface temperatures (LST) to test if they can be used in the field reconnaissance for potential geothermal
targets, each region representing a different thermal signature. The method has been used successfully to identify hot spot
and geothermal activity in the Afar Triangle and in the Red Sea. Night monthly average LST values per pixel, since 2001, are
used in this work for geothermal field identification. Average LST seasonal variability is expressed by a common centroid
curve of pixel cluster. Clusters were subsequently ranked in increasing LST according to their centroids. Cluster-2 represents
by far the Aegean volcanic arc (AVA) which comprises the high enthalpy (320 and 350°C, respectively) geothermal fields of
Milos and Nisyros. The interpretation of LST terrain segmentation into sub-clusters of Cluster-2 is consistent with thermal
anomalies related to the volcano-islands of the AVA, the occurrence of thermal anomalies related to granodiorite plutons in
the Cyclades and to the volcano-related anomalies of the Dodecanese Province. We conclude that the identification of such
thermal anomalies obtained by a combination of remote sensing (LST), regional geology and field data (borehole, thermal spring
and subsurface hydrothermal reservoir temperatures) can be a particularly useful exploration tool for localizing geothermal
anomalies. 相似文献
16.
腾冲新生代火山区温泉CO2气体排放通量研究 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
近期研究表明,不仅火山喷发期会向当时的大气圈输送大量的温室气体,火山间歇期同样会释放大量的温室气体。在火山活动间歇期,火山区主要以喷气孔、温(热)泉以及土壤微渗漏等形式向大气圈释放温室气体。腾冲是我国重要的新生代火山区,同时也是重要的水热活动区,那里出露大量的温泉,然而目前未见腾冲火山区温泉气体排放通量的研究报道。本文利用数字皂膜通量仪测量了腾冲新生代火山区温泉中CO2的排放通量。研究结果表明,腾冲新生代火山区温泉向当今大气圈输送的CO2通量达3.58×103 t·a-1,相当于意大利锡耶纳Bassoleto地热区温泉中CO2的排放规模。腾冲火山区温泉的CO2释放通量主要受深部岩浆囊、断裂分布、地下水循环、围岩成分等多方面因素的影响。本文根据温泉中CO2的排放特征,将腾冲温泉分为南北两区,南区温泉CO2通量远高于北区的温泉,热海地热区的通量为腾冲CO2通量的最大值。在北温泉区,CO2通量主要受控于断裂的分布;而在南温泉区,除受到断裂控制外,热海地热区底部的岩浆囊及其与围岩的相互作用成为CO2气体的重要物质来源,同时高温的岩浆囊为温泉及CO2的形成提供了重要热源。 相似文献
17.
西藏羊八井热田的碱金属元素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了西藏羊八井高温地热田及毗邻90km2范围内土壤中碱金属元素的地球化学特征,结果表明,碱金属元素锂、铷和铯可以作为一组新的地球化学指标用于热田勘查,圈定热田范围,其作用与已提出的汞、砷、锑和铋地球化学指标相类似。文章对碱金属元素在地热系统中的分布及地球化学行为、异常形成原因进行了初步的讨论。相关分析表明,这些地球化学指标有密切的相关关系,反映了具有共同成因。利用热水中的钠、钾元素作为地热温标对羊八井热田地下热水的温度进行了估算。 相似文献
18.
From 1982 to 1983, 131 soil samples were collected within an area of 60 km2 in known geothermal field and their vicinities in Tengchong, Yunnan Province. Distinct anomalies of Hg, As, Sb and Bi were found on the known geothermal fields. The contour of the multiplicative anomaly of Hg × As × Sb encircled the two known geothermal fields, Reshuitang and Rehai, within its extent, disclosing the interrelation between these two fields, and enlarging their future prospects. The B anomaly is related to structural features. Significant correlations among Hg, As and Sb are shown by correlation analysis. It was concluded that a geochemical survey with a density of two samples per km2 could be carried out effectively to delineate promising targets of geothermal resources. 相似文献
19.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):833-843
The La Primavera caldera lies close to the triple junction of the Tepic-Zacoalco, Colima, and Chapala rifts in the western part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is a promising geothermal field with 13 deep wells already drilled. We calculated solute geothermometric temperatures (Na–K, Na–Li, and SiO2) from the chemistry of geothermal water samples; determined values are generally between 99°C and 202°C for springs and between 131°C and 298°C for wells. Thermal modelling is an important geophysical tool as documented in the study of this and other Mexican geothermal areas. Using the computer program TCHEMSYS, we report new simulation results of three-dimensional (3-D) thermal modelling of the magma chamber underlying this caldera through its entire eruptive history. Equations (quadratic fit) describing the simulated temperatures as a function of the age, volume and depth of the magma chamber are first presented; these indicate that both the depth and the age of the magma chamber are more important parameters than its volume. A comparison of 3-D modelling of the La Primavera and Los Humeros calderas also shows that the depth of the magma chamber is more important than its volume. The best model for the La Primavera caldera has 0.15 million years as the emplacement age of the magma chamber, its top at a depth of 4 km, and its volume as 600 km3. Fresh magma recharge events within the middle part of the magma chamber were also considered at 0.095, 0.075, and 0.040 Ma. The simulation results were evaluated in the light of actually measured and solute geothermometric temperatures in five geothermal wells. Future work should involve a smaller mesh size of 0.050 or 0.10 km on each side (instead of 0.25 km currently used) and take into account the topography of the area and all petrogenetic processes of fractional crystallization, assimilation, and magma mixing as well as heat generation from natural radioactive elements. 相似文献