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1.
香港中侏罗－早白垩酸性火山岩和花岗岩类侵入体,是展布于中国东南部的ＮＥ向燕山构造浆带的一部分,香港火山碎屑沉积充填线状排列的喇叭形火山口和椭圆形破火山口,岩浆是通过裂隙充填到复杂的断裂和剪切带中,形成岩墙杂岩体和花岗岩类侵入体,岩墙显示了破火山口的边界,火山口,破火山口,岩墙和侵入体的空间分布和几何形态,受到４期火山活动和侵入活动期间的构造所控制,ＥＷ向和ＮＥＥ向的拉伸和转换拉张作用主导,随时间的 相似文献
2.
芙蓉山破火山口构造以其独特的地貌形态,完美的环状断裂和环状岩墙,环形展布的航磁异常和地球化学异常,显示出一个地质—地球物理、地球化学相结合,岩相—构造配置较完整的典型破火山口模式。依壳、幔二元混合模型方法计算,火山岩和侵入岩源区物质组成为UC 71.16 DM 28.84和UC 70.84 DM 29.16。根据元素分配理论定量模拟岩石的成岩过程,芙蓉山地区的火山—侵入杂岩的初始岩浆,是源区约31％的物质熔融而成。 相似文献
3.
破火山研究是火山学研究的一个重要分支,也是国内外学者持续关注的热点,这是因为形成破火山口的岩浆演化时间长,多是大型多金属、贵金属、铀矿等矿床的聚集地,大型破火山口的形成在地球生物进化史中影响很大。 本文对破火山口的概念、容易混淆使用的分类和名词、世界知名破火山口及其形成理论研究、大型破火山口的研究认识与矿床形成的关系、中国破火山研究和今后努力的方向进行了一个总结。 实际上在科学研究的阶梯上搭了一个向上继续向上的阶。 期待学者在这方面又高水平的研究,为国家战略资源保障和为世界破火山口研究做出中国贡献。 相似文献
4.
破火山研究是火山学研究的一个重要分支,也是国内外学者持续关注的热点,这是因为形成破火山口的岩浆演化时间长,多是大型多金属、贵金属、铀矿等矿床的聚集地,大型破火山口的形成在地球生物进化史中影响很大。 笔者等对破火山口的概念、容易混淆使用的分类和名词、世界知名破火山口及其形成理论研究、大型破火山口的研究认识与矿床形成的关系、中国破火山研究和今后努力的方向进行了一个总结。 实际上在科学研究的阶梯上搭了一个向上继续向上的阶。 期待学者在这方面又高水平的研究,为国家战略资源保障和为世界破火山口研究做出中国贡献。 相似文献
5.
<正> 克雷德方丹火山杂岩体直径近5km,为一著名的保存较好的碳酸盐岩破火山口,是中生代一古生代形成的Bushveld杂岩体的西半部。克雷德方丹杂岩体形成于两个明显的喷发事件中,早期事件形成响岩、粗面熔岩和火山碎屑岩;后期事件导致火成碳酸盐岩的喷发及岩脉和岩颈的侵入。这种火成碳酸盐岩常与碱性交代岩伴生。 相似文献
6.
许多破火山口沿着破火山旋回后断续活动的区域性的重要断裂带分布。在有矿化的破火山口中，矿床受破火山形成期间发育的各种构造以及切割和活化破火山构造的区域断裂控制。破火山旋回的最初阶段定位于浅部的岩浆房之上发生火山隆起，且在岩浆房上部的构造穹隆内发育正断层。断裂作用的早期被破火山形成打断，但其中有些断裂则被保存于破火山口的外围并可能成为重要的控矿构造。与破火山相关的构造如环状构造断裂往往在控制再生岩浆的 相似文献
7.
8.
破火山口的形成是火山物质喷发量最大、破坏力最强的一种火山作用现象,因此,探寻破火山口存在的证据是明晰松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组火山喷发规律和叠置关系的关键。徐家围子断陷营城组地层中徐东破火山口呈一个长轴约17km,短轴约10km的椭圆形、塌陷深度近3km的大型破火山口,其天窗式塌陷是下方岩浆房的不对称形态或岩浆房的不对称抽空导致。徐东破火山口内被厚层流纹质凝灰岩和熔岩填充,剖面上显示一对发育完整的正、逆断层,指示徐东破火山口经历了完整的沉降、塌陷、火山喷发过程。徐东破火山口形成于大陆裂谷背景下,是岩石圈减薄,大规模岩浆作用的产物。受区域NNW向构造格架控制,形成破火山口南北延伸的椭圆形态。 相似文献
9.
托云火山群的火山地质特征及其构造意义 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
结合托云盆地新生代火山岩的卫星影像解译与野外验证成果，发现托云盆地内的7个火山口和棋盘式走滑断裂系统，首次提出了托云火山群的概念．这些火山口可以划分成中心式火山和溢流玄武岩2种类型，形成的火山机构包括塌陷破火山口、火山颈和锥状岩席．火山岩主要为碱性玄武岩，部分玄武岩中可见橄榄岩类等深源岩石包体和普通辉石等矿物巨晶．因此，托云盆地新生代火山岩具有幔源岩浆的性质，断裂构造活动为其上升就位提供通道，火山岩应是由多个火山口近于同时喷发形成的，不具有由上、下两套火山岩系构成的双层结构． 相似文献
10.
通过对浙东小雄破火山晚白垩世火山岩(流纹岩)-浅成侵入岩(正长斑岩)进行系统的岩相学和地球化学分析,探讨了火山-侵入杂岩的成因及岩浆演化过程。研究表明,小雄破火山晚白垩世流纹岩和正长斑岩经历了不同的结晶分异过程:流纹岩经历了碱性长石+磷灰石+锆石的分异; 正长斑岩经历了普通辉石+磷灰石+Ti-Fe氧化物的分异。流纹岩和正长斑岩的母岩浆均起源于地壳物质的重熔,但各自有相对独立的演化过程,两者非同一岩浆房内某一岩浆连续分异的产物。推测在小雄破火山之下不同深度存在由多个子岩浆房构成的复杂岩浆系统,暗示东南沿海晚中生代火山-侵入杂岩中的侵入岩并不完全代表岩浆房下部的堆晶部分。 相似文献
11.
Evolution of the early devonian bindook volcanic complex,wollondilly basin,eastern lachlan fold belt
The Early Devonian Bindook Volcanic Complex consists of a thick silicic volcanic and associated sedimentary succession filling the extensional Wollondilly Basin in the northeastern Lachlan Fold Belt. The basal part of the succession (Tangerang Formation) is exposed in the central and southeastern Wollondilly Basin where it unconformably overlies Ordovician rocks or conformably overlies the Late Silurian to Early Devonian Bungonia Limestone. Six volcanic members, including three new members, are now recognised in the Tangerang Formation and three major facies have been delineated in the associated sedimentary sequence. The oldest part of the sequence near Windellama consists of a quartz turbidite facies deposited at moderate water depths together with the shallow‐marine shelf Windellama Limestone and Brooklyn Conglomerate Members deposited close to the eastern margin of the basin. Farther north the shelf facies consists of marine shale and sandstone which become progressively more tuffaceous northwards towards Marulan. The Devils Pulpit Member (new unit) is a shallow‐marine volcaniclastic unit marking the first major volcanic eruptions in the region. The overlying shallow‐marine sedimentary facies is tuffaceous in the north, contains a central Ordovician‐derived quartzose (?deltaic) facies and a predominantly mixed facies farther south. The initial volcanism occurred in an undefined area north of Marulan. A period of non‐marine exposure, erosion and later deposition of quartzose rocks marked a considerable break in volcanic activity. Volcanism recommenced with the widespread emplacement of the Kerillon Tuff Member (new unit), a thick, non‐welded rhyolitic ignimbrite followed by dacitic welded ignimbrite and air‐fall tuff produced by a large magnitude eruption leading to caldera collapse in the central part of the Bindook Volcanic Complex, together with an additional small eruptive centre near Lumley Park. The overlying Kerrawarra Dacite Member (new unit) is lava‐like in character but it also has the dimensions of an ignimbrite and covers a large part of the central Bindook Volcanic Complex. The Carne Dacite Member is interpreted as a series of subvolcanic intrusions including laccoliths, cryptodomes and sills. The Tangerang Formation is overlain by the extensive crystal‐rich Joaramin Ignimbrite (new unit) that was erupted from an undefined centre in the central or northern Bindook Volcanic Complex. The volcanic units at Wombeyan and the Kowmung Volcaniclastics in the northwestern part of the complex are probably lateral time‐equivalents of the Tangerang Formation and Joaramin Ignimbrite. All three successions pre‐date the major subaerial volcanic plateau‐forming eruptions represented by the Barrallier Ignimbrite (new unit). The latter post‐dated folding and an extensive erosional phase, and unconformably overlies many of the older units in the Bindook Volcanic Complex. This ignimbrite was probably erupted from a large caldera in the northern part of the complex and probably represents surface expressions of part of the intruding Marulan Batholith. The final volcanic episode is represented by the volcanic units at Yerranderie which formed around a crater at the northern end of the exposed Bindook Volcanic Complex. 相似文献
12.
The Cabo de Gata volcanic field of southeastern Spain contains several recently-recognized calderas. Some of the calderas are mineralized with epithermal gold, alunite, and base metal deposits, and others are barren, and yet they formed under generally similar conditions. Comparison of the magmatic, geochemical, and physical evolution of the Los Frailes, Rodalquilar, and Lomilla calderas provides insight into the processes of caldera evolution that led to precious-metal mineralization. The Los Frailes caldera formed at 14.4 Ma and is the oldest caldera. It formed in response to multiple eruptions of hornblende dacite magma. Following each eruption, the area collapsed and the caldera was invaded by the sea. Dacite domes fill the lower part of the caldera. Pyroxene andesites were erupted through the solidified core of the caldera and were probably initially responsible for magma generation. The Los Frailes caldera did not evolve to rhyolites nor was it subjected to the amount of structural development that the younger, mineralized Rodalquilar and Lomilla calderas were. 相似文献
13.
Mineralized and unmineralized calderas in Spain; Part II, evolution of the Rodalquilar caldera complex and associated gold-alunite deposits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. J. Rytuba A. Arribas Jr. C. G. Cunningham E. H. McKee M. H. Podwysocki J. G. Smith W. C. Kelly A. Arribas 《Mineralium Deposita》1990,25(1):S29-S35
The Rodalquilar caldera complex is located in the western part of the Cabo de Gata volcanic field in southeastern Spain and is the first documented example of epithermal gold-alunite mineralization within a caldera in Europe. The Rodalquilar caldera is an oval collapse structure having a maximum diameter of 8 km and formed at 11 Ma from eruption of the Cinto ash-flow tuff. The oval Lomilla caldera, with a diameter of 2 km, is nested within the central resurgent dome of the older Rodalquilar caldera. The Lomilla caldera resulted from the eruption of the Lazaras ash-flow tuff which was ponded within the moat of the Rodalquilar caldera. The last phase of volcanic activity in the caldera complex was the emplacement of hornblende andesite flows and intrusions. This magmatic event resulted in structural doming of the caldera, opening of fractures and faults, and provided the heat source for the large hydrothermal systems which deposited quartz-alunite type gold deposits and base metal vein systems. The gold-alunite deposits are enclosed in areas of intense acid sulfate alteration and localized in ring and radial faults and fractures present in the east wall of the Lomilla caldera. Like other acid-sulfate type deposits, the Rodalquilar gold-alunite deposits are closely related in time and space to porphyritic, intermediate composition magma emplaced along caldera structures but unrelated to the caldera forming magmatic system. 相似文献
14.
华南东部中新生代火山岩型铀矿成矿规律,勘查模式及找矿远景 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中新生代时期，华南东部地壳经历了挤压－松驰拉张－局部裂解的演化过程。相应地发育３期火山活动，构成初火山族回、主火山旋回和破火山旋回。破火山使回出现双峰式岩套，标志着已进入胚胎型裂谷演化阶段。火山岩型铀矿具有破火山族回成矿、破火山旋回活动带控矿、二次迭加富集特性，可称其为破火山系列新不整合脉型铀矿。划分为体型、层型和脉型３种形态类型和相应的勘查模式。华南东部破火山系列新不整合脉型铀矿具有巨大的找矿潜力，在花岗岩基底上发育的破火山旋回构造－岩浆杂岩区，是今后寻找大型铀矿的有利靶区。 相似文献
15.
P.J. Caffe M.M. Soler B.L. Coira A.T. Onoe U.G. Cordani 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2008,25(4):464-484
The Granada ignimbrite, an Upper Miocene volcanic unit from the northern Puna, previously has been interpreted as an extensive ignimbrite (>2300 km2) associated with eruptions from the Vilama caldera (trap-door event). On the basis of new data, we revise its correlation and redefine the unit as a compound, high aspect ratio ignimbrite, erupted at approximately 9.8 Ma. Calculated volumes (100 km3) are only moderate in comparison with other large volume (>1000 km3) ignimbrites that erupted approximately 2–6 m.y. later in the region (e.g. Vilama, Panizos, Atana). Six new volcanic units are recognized from sequences previously correlated with Granada (only one sourced from the same center). Consequently, the area ascribed to the Granada ignimbrite is substantially reduced (630 km2), and links to the Vilama caldera are not supported. Transport directions suggest the volcanic source for the Granada ignimbrite corresponds to vents buried under younger (7.9–5 Ma) volcanic rocks of the Abra Granada volcanic complex. Episodes of caldera collapse at some stage of eruption are likely, though their nature and timing cannot be defined from available data. The eruption of the Granada ignimbrite marks the onset of a phase of large volume (caldera-sourced) volcanism in the northern Puna. 相似文献
16.
松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组火山机构类型与喷发模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
火山岩油气藏已成为我国东部中、新生代陆内裂谷盆地内一种重要的油气藏类型。松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩中形成大规模气藏,不同火山岩相对油气的储集性差异很大,因此探究断陷内火山机构类型和喷发模式成为天然气勘探开发的基础。徐家围子断陷发育中酸性火山岩,识别出层状火山、熔岩穹隆、破火山口等3种主要火山机构赋存类型。受区域垂向和斜向两期拉张作用控制,在断裂上盘、下盘和断裂带,火山机构分别以不同形式展布：断裂下盘的掀斜肩部火山机构发育、断裂带火山机构串珠状叠置、断裂上盘火山爆发强烈并形成大型徐东破火山口。徐东破火山口的形成说明岩浆侵位于地壳底部,形成扁平状的岩浆房。岩浆垂直上升喷发或沿断裂喷发,形成徐家围子断陷中心式-裂隙式火山喷发模式。 相似文献
17.
Ian McDougall B. J. J. Embleton D. B. Stone 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):155-176
Lord Howe Island is the eroded remnant of a large shield volcano. Tholeiitic lavas of the North Ridge Basalt comprise the main shield building phase and were erupted about 6.9 Ma ago. The Boat Harbour Breccia probably formed within the throat of the volcano and, together with the North Ridge Basalt, is intruded by numerous basaltic dykes, which grade into a cone sheet complex near the main vent. Large scale collapse of the summit area of the volcano produced a caldera which was filled rapidly by lavas of the Mount Lidgbird Basalt some 6.4 Ma ago, bringing to a close the volcanic history of Lord Howe Island. The shield volcano thus was built during a short interval in the late Miocene. Palaeomagnetic data show that the North Ridge Basalt and the Mount Lidgbird Basalt were erupted during periods when the geomagnetic field had normal polarity, and that their formation was separated by at least one interval of reversed polarity when the dykes and cone sheets were emplaced. The directions of magnetisation for the lavas and intrusives are such that, palaeomagnetically, no movement of Lord Howe Island is detected since its formation. Lord Howe Island is the subaerial part of a large seamount which lies at the southern end of a northerly‐trending line of volcanic seamounts extending for more than 1000 km. The Lord Howe seamount chain probably was produced by movement of the Australian lithospheric plate over a magma source or hot spot located below the plate within the upper mantle. Other data suggest that the Australian plate is moving N at about 6 cm/a and from this it is predicted that the seamount underlying Nova Bank, at the northern end of the chain, was constructed by volcanic activity about 23 Ma ago. Similarly, if volcanism were to occur now in the Lord Howe seamount chain we predict that its location would be about 400 km S of Lord Howe Island. 相似文献
18.
During the onset of caldera cluster volcanism at a new location in the Snake River Plain (SRP), there is an increase in basalt fluxing into the crust and diverse silicic volcanic products are generated. The SRP contains abundant and compositionally diverse hot, dry, and often low-δ18O silicic volcanic rocks produced through time during the formation of individual caldera clusters, but more H2O-rich eruptive products are rare. We report analyses of quartz-hosted melt inclusions from pumice clasts from the upper and lower Arbon Valley Tuff (AVT) to gain insight into the initiation of caldera cluster volcanism. The AVT, a voluminous, caldera-forming rhyolite, represents the commencement of volcanism (10.44 Ma) at the Picabo volcanic field of the Yellowstone hotspot track. This is a normal δ18O rhyolite consisting of early and late erupted members (lower and upper AVT, respectively) with extremely radiogenic Sr isotopes and unradiogenic Nd isotopes, requiring that ~50 % of the mass of these elements is derived from melts of Archean upper crust. Our data reveal distinctive features of the early erupted lower AVT melt including: variable F concentrations up to 1.4 wt%, homogenous and low Cl concentrations (~0.08 wt%), H2O contents ranging from 2.3 to 6.4 wt%, CO2 contents ranging from 79 to 410 ppm, and enrichment of incompatible elements compared to the late erupted AVT, subsequent Picabo rhyolites, SRP rhyolites, and melt inclusions from other metaluminous rhyolites (e.g., Bishop Tuff, Mesa Falls Tuff). We couple melt inclusion data with Ti measurements and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of the host quartz phenocrysts to elucidate the petrogenetic evolution of the AVT rhyolitic magma. We observe complex and multistage CL zoning patterns, the most critical being multiple truncations indicative of several dissolution–reprecipitation episodes with bright CL cores (higher Ti) and occasional bright CL rims (higher Ti). We interpret the high H2O, F, F/Cl, and incompatible trace element concentrations in the context of a model involving melting of Archean crust and mixing of the crustal melt with basaltic differentiates, followed by multiple stages of fractional crystallization, remelting, and melt extraction. This multistage process, which we refer to as distillation, is further supported by the complex CL zoning patterns in quartz. We interpret new Δ18O(Qz-Mt) isotope measurements, demonstrating a 0.4 ‰ or ~180 °C temperature difference, and strong Sr isotopic and chemical differences between the upper and lower AVT to represent two separate eruptions. Similarities between the AVT and the first caldera-forming eruptions of other caldera clusters in the SRP (Yellowstone, Heise and Bruneau Jarbidge) suggest that the more evolved, lower-temperature, more H2O-rich rhyolites of the SRP are important in the initiation of a caldera cluster during the onset of plume impingement. 相似文献
19.
C. D. Branch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):199-218
Volcanism associated with the middle Proterozoic Gawler Range acid volcano‐plutonic province was initiated in the Kokatha area by the construction on Archaean basement of a large stratovolcano composed mainly of tholeiitic basalt and potassic basaltic‐andesite erupted possibly from a mantle‐derived ultramafic diapir. Crustal melting above the diapir generated acid magma, rich in silica and potassium, which rose by major block‐stoping to form a subvolcanic magma chamber. Leakage from this chamber during the premonitory caldera phase gave rise to small explosive and effusive eruptions around an incipient ring‐fracture zone. In the caldera phase, the eruption of voluminous rhyodacite to dacite ignimbrite from the subvolcanic magma chamber resulted in collapse of the roof partway through the eruption to form the Chandabooka caldera, 15 x 10 km across: the ignimbrite comprises a thick compound cooling unit, the Chandabooka Dacite, of which both the caldera and outflow facies are preserved. Resurgent doming and subsequent uplift of the caldera block by 1 km followed in the post‐caldera phase, accompanied by minor acidic volcanism. Flat‐roofed stocks of the primitive S‐type Hiltaba Granite and a major dyke swarm intruded the volcanic pile to complete the volcano‐plutonic episode. 相似文献
20.
New data are presented on the geology and composition of volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Orochenka caldera, which is located in the western part of the East Sikhote Alin volcanic belt. The SHRIMP and ICP MS age of zircons of volcanic and intrusive rocks, respectively, and the composition of the volcanic rocks allow comparison of these complexes with volcanic rocks of the eastern part of the volcanic structure. New data indicate the period of transition between subduction to transform regimes. 相似文献