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1.
内蒙古中部发育一条近东西向的含铜镍铂镁铁-超镁铁质岩带,宽30km,长约400km。该含铜镍铂镁铁-超镁铁质岩带位于华北板块北缘深大断裂两侧,横跨两个构造单元:宝音图岩浆弧和狼山-白云鄂博台缘坳陷。研究区所处地理位置相对偏僻,研究程度较浅,近年来发现的多处铜镍矿床(点)均分布在该岩带内,逐渐引起地质学者的关注。本文主要通过分析、总结各含矿岩体地球化学数据,对该含铜镍铂镁铁-超镁铁质岩带开展岩石地球化学特征研究。区内岩体形成时代主要集中在314~269 Ma,应属华力西晚期产物。主量元素化学组成表明,该含铜镍铂镁铁-超镁铁质岩主要为拉斑玄武岩系列,部分为钙碱性系列。辉长岩、辉石岩稀土配分模式分两类:轻、重稀土分馏不明显的相对平坦型和轻稀土相对富集、重稀土比较平坦的右倾型(LaN/YbN为1.49~20.08),Eu为正异常或负异常(δEu为0.56~1.66);辉橄岩稀土元素配分呈轻稀土相对富集、重稀土比较平坦的右倾型(LaN/YbN为5.56~13.57),Eu为负异常(δEu为0.57~0.83)。岩石稀土配分模式总体表现出轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对平坦的右倾型,稀土总量由辉长岩→辉橄岩呈规律的降低。各类岩石微量元素也各具特色,总体表现出亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr。岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的同化混染作用。此外,各岩体表现出高MgO、低碱的特征,具有较高的Mg#、m/f比值,显示较好的含矿潜力。  相似文献   

2.
东天山-北山镁铁-超镁铁质岩特征、成矿意义及构造背景   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
东天山-北山地区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体成群成带分布,明显受区域内主干断裂控制,主要分布于东天山、中天山地块和北山裂谷。镁铁-超镁铁质岩体与Cu-Ni矿化密切相关,小岩体成大矿为普遍现象。含矿岩相多集中在橄榄辉长岩、角闪橄榄岩、辉橄岩和各岩相接触带上。岩体低Ti高Mg,高m/s和m/f是评价其含矿性的良好指标。SrNd同位素显示镁铁-超镁铁质岩体整体上源于亏损地幔,在演化过程中经历了同化混染作用,中天山和北山地区较东天山地区混染程度较小。成岩成矿集中在早二叠世约280 Ma,指示其可能是统一地球热力学的产物。镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的构造背景复杂,争议较多,单一的构造背景不能解释所有问题,后碰撞伸展和地幔柱的共同作用可能诱发大规模成岩成矿事件。  相似文献   

3.
红旗岭―茶尖岭矿带发育镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)及铜镍硫化物矿床。关于该矿带含矿岩体时代的观点包括华力西期和印支期。含铜镍硫化物矿床的镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)发育要件:初始成熟陆壳、较薄的岩石圈、拉张应力背景,三者缺一不可。只有符合地质事实、符合矿带含铜镍矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)发育要件的同位素定年数据,才能代表含矿岩体的成岩成矿时代。红旗岭—茶尖岭矿带印支期不具备含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体(岩墙群)产出的要件。华力西期350Ma,矿带具备红旗岭1号、7号含中、大型铜镍硫化物矿床的镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出的要件,理应代表1号、7号岩体时代;华力西期258Ma,矿带具备茶尖岭包括1号、6号、新6号等含小型铜镍硫化物矿床的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体产出的要件,均代表茶尖岭矿区的镁铁-超镁铁岩体的时代。  相似文献   

4.
红旗岭镍矿区是我国岩浆岩型铜镍硫化矿床的主要矿化集中区之一,在本区内出露的镁铁-超镁铁质岩所划分的3个岩带中,有的岩体含铜镍矿,有的不含矿.通过近期在区内开展的全国危机矿山找矿中所形成的资料及从构造控岩控矿、岩性控矿、成矿与岩石类型的关系进行对比,对区内镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的综合找矿标志进行总结,为今后在区内寻找隐伏岩体及其含矿性的评价提供一定的理论依据.  相似文献   

5.
文章选择龙首山隆起区金川、塔马子沟、毛草泉、小口子、藏布台几个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体进行地质、地球化学比较研究,发现岩体普遍具有橄榄石堆晶特征,中段金川岩体以二辉橄榄岩为主要特征,外围岩体以单辉橄榄岩为特征.地球化学数据显示,这些镁铁-超镁铁质岩体处于相同的岩石系列,源区具有相似性,岩体含矿差异主要源自岩浆演化.结合地质综合场模型,提出金川外围岩体在龙首山隆起区,沿构造带东西长约80~100km范围存在金川深部岩浆房响应的产物.  相似文献   

6.
红旗岭镍矿田是我国岩浆岩型铜镍硫化矿床的主要矿化集中区之一,茶尖矿区是其重要组成部分之一.在茶尖矿区已往勘查中共发现20余个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,并在1号、新6号、9号、18号岩体中发现小型铜镍矿床,2号、10号、14号等岩体中发现铜镍矿化.从岩体岩石学及蚀变矿化特征、岩体常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素特征方面进行分析,并与红旗岭镍矿区进行对比,认为其与红旗岭区镁铁-超镁铁岩具同源性,矿床属熔离-贯入型成因,后期热液叠加又是茶尖区独有的成矿特征,通过分析、对比,确定了该区找矿意义和前景区.  相似文献   

7.
铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩具有镍矿成矿专属性,但并非所有的类似侵入岩都含矿,根据镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩含矿特点可总结成矿规律,有效指导区域找矿实践。青海省化隆地区发育114个镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩体,其含矿性特点与成矿规律是制约该岩带找矿突破的关键因素。本文通过对区内裕龙沟、亚曲、阿什贡及下什堂等岩体地质特征、年代学、岩石地球化学特征及区域对比分析研究,发现这些岩体具有相近的成岩时代,集中于436~449 Ma,可能是同一构造背景的产物。S同位素、Re-Os同位素及Sr-Nd同位素共同揭示了岩体的母岩浆来自一个曾被交代富集的地幔源区,其εNd(t)=-7.74~+8.36,初步表明其岩浆源区应该位于软流圈地幔,并混有一部分被俯冲板片交代的地幔楔物质。而这种交代富集事件可能与祁连、柴北缘在早古生代期间大规模的俯冲有关,是弧岩浆作用的成矿表现。化隆群富硅地层S的混入为硫化物的不混溶创造了条件,致使岩浆中熔离出的硫化物液滴聚集,侵位到理想空间形成不同品位不同类型的铜镍矿体。岩相分异充分、橄榄石富集、基性程度较高的侵入岩体相对易形成镍矿体,对青海省化隆地区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的含矿性评价具有重要指示作用。  相似文献   

8.
马博骋  钱壮志  徐刚  段俊  顾笑龑  高文彬 《地质学报》2022,96(12):4275-4293
北山造山带是中亚造山带南缘镁铁- 超镁铁质岩体的集中分布区之一,因其赋含二叠纪铜镍硫化物矿床而受到广泛关注。以往的研究多集中在北山造山带西部的新疆坡北地区,近年来随着对甘肃北山地区二叠纪镁铁- 超镁铁岩体认识逐渐深入,新发现的矿化岩体有逐渐向东延伸的趋势。本文选择北山造山带中东部柳园地区骆驼山和西南山两个典型含铜镍硫化物岩体进行地质年代学、岩相学和岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学研究。岩体主要岩相包括橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、橄榄辉长岩相、橄长岩相和辉长岩相,其中硫化物主要出现在橄榄岩相和辉石岩相中。骆驼山岩体辉长岩锆石的U- Pb年龄为282. 6 Ma,与坡北地区矿化岩体的形成时代一致。骆驼山和西南山岩体母岩浆稀土元素配分模式为轻微右倾型,富集大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损高场强元素Nb- Ta,中等亏损Zr- Hf,与坡北和东天山地区同时代矿化岩体母岩浆特征相似。岩体具有较高的全岩εNd(t)值(+0. 42~+6. 10)和锆石εHf(t)值(+7. 9~+14. 1)的特征,与坡北地区矿化岩体类似,表明具有相似的亏损地幔源区。橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量的关系和母岩浆微量元素Cu/Zr比值特征表明岩浆在橄榄石结晶过程中发生了硫化物熔离。同位素模拟计算表明母岩浆在上升侵位过程中发生了约5%~15%的地壳物质混染,可能是岩浆硫饱和的主要原因。相同的成岩成矿时代、相似的岩石地球化学特征、母岩浆特征及硫化物饱和机制,表明甘肃北山地区二叠纪镁铁- 超镁铁质岩体具有与坡北地区类似的成矿潜力,为在北山地区中东部进一步寻找铜镍硫化物矿床提供了重要信息。  相似文献   

9.
图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁岩型铜镍硫化物矿床航磁异常不明显,但地面磁法ΔT有4 000 nT异常幅值。在磁法异常不同高度上延,显示岩体向下有较大延伸,通过勘探剖面对比,推断由含矿岩体引起。揭示地面磁法在本区寻找此类岩体和铜镍矿床重要性。  相似文献   

10.
内蒙古乌拉特中旗地处华北陆块北缘西段,大地构造分区属于狼山-白云鄂博陆缘裂谷。区域上,镁铁质-超镁铁质岩呈东西向带状分布,断续出露长约300km,宽约30km。该镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带内铜镍矿床(点)较为发育,克布为该带内一个中-小型铜镍硫化物矿床。克布镁铁质-超镁铁岩体出露面积约45km2,主要由辉长岩相和橄榄岩相组成,辉长岩相为岩体的主要岩相,橄榄岩相为主要的赋矿岩石,两个相带相伴产出,呈渐变过渡关系。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年,获得克布斜长方辉橄榄岩年龄为258.1±1.8Ma(MSWD=2.3),属于晚二叠世。岩石主、微量及稀土元素分析结果表明,岩石样品属铁质镁铁质-超镁铁质岩,具有拉斑玄武岩系列演化趋势,并相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti),以及具有轻稀土富集[(La/Yb)N=2.47~11.29]的右倾型稀土配分模式。以橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体母岩浆的MgO含量为10.1%,FeO为12.1%,应为高镁的拉斑玄武质岩浆。综合分析认为,克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体应形成于后碰撞伸展阶段,岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈物质组成。橄榄石和辉石等富镁铁矿物的分离结晶和富硅地壳物质的混染可能对硫化物熔离富集成矿起到了关键性作用。  相似文献   

11.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

12.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

13.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

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This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.  相似文献   

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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2.  相似文献   

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Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.  相似文献   

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