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1.
曹峰 《冰川冻土》2003,25(8):4-7
青藏铁路沿线的多年冻土区分布范围广泛,冻土不良地质现象发育,线路通过时难以绕避,在翔实勘察和认真分析的基础上,根据多年冻土区铁路选线的原则,对多年冻土分布的乌丽山垭口区域线路方案进行比选。  相似文献   

2.
基于综合调查的西昆仑山典型区多年冻土分布研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
西昆仑山位于青藏高原西北部,地势起伏大,气候干旱严寒.为了解其多年冻土分布状况,以219国道大红柳滩到奇台达坂之间的沿线区域作为西昆仑山典型区,以野外冻土钻探、坑探、物探为主要调查手段,综合分析该区域多年冻土分布的下界.对现场调查数据的初步分析表明,该区域多年冻土阳坡下界在海拔4 800m,阴坡下界在海拔4 650m,东西坡下界在海拔4 700m.依据上述冻土下界的分布规律,以数字高程模型为基础,通过ArcGIS软件建立了西昆仑山典型区的多年冻土分布模型,实现了对研究区域多年冻土分布的模拟.对该区域的研究结果表明:典型区内多年冻土的分布面积为3 136.3km2,占区域总面积的89.4%.结果与青藏高原冻土图在该区域的截图相比,多年冻土的面积略有增加.对比分析模拟图和截图后发现,基于实际调查的多年冻土模拟分布图更准确的描述了河谷的融区,而截图的多年冻土分布界限较为粗糙,缩小了喀喇喀什河支沟融区,人为放大了219国道大红柳滩到奇台达坂之间的宽谷融区.  相似文献   

3.
青藏铁路多年冻土工程的研究与实践   总被引:29,自引:11,他引:18  
孙永福 《冰川冻土》2005,27(2):153-162
青藏铁路建设需穿越高原多年冻土区, 在探明沿线多年冻土分布特征的基础上, 合理确定了青藏铁路线路的走向方案.在多年的冻土研究和工程实践的指导下, 有针对性地开展了5个不同类型冻土工程试验研究, 取得重要科研成果, 指导设计和施工.全面总结4 a来青藏铁路多年冻土工程的研究与实践, 提出了"主动降温, 冷却地基, 保护冻土"的设计思想, 制定了路基、桥涵、隧道成套工程技术措施和先进施工工艺, 对确保多年冻土工程质量发挥了重要作用.  相似文献   

4.
黄河源区冻土特征及退化趋势   总被引:17,自引:8,他引:9  
黄河源区位于青藏高原多年冻土区东北部边缘地带,是季节冻土、岛状多年冻土和在大片连续多年冻土并存地带.多年冻土层在垂向分布上有衔接状和不衔接状两大类.不衔接状又可分为浅埋藏(8m)、深埋藏(8m)和双层多年冻土等形式.从20世纪80年代以来,源区气温以0.02℃.a-1增温率持续上升,人类经济活动日益增强,导致冻土呈区域性退化.多年冻土下界普遍升高50~80m,最大季节冻深平均减少了0.12m,浅层地下水温度上升0.5~0.7℃.冻土退化总体趋势是由大片状分布逐渐变为岛状、斑状分布,多年冻土层变薄,冻土面积缩小,融区范围扩大.部分多年冻土岛完全消失变为季节冻土.  相似文献   

5.
青藏500kV直流联网工程穿越青藏高原多年冻土区,冻土特有的工程问题将对工程设计、施工和安全运营产生重要影响。由于输电线路属于点线结构的工程特点,即塔基的稳定性关系到整条线路的稳定性,而塔基点位又具有一定的可调性,因此,多年冻土及厚层地下冰的分布特征对于输电线路的选线、选位较其他线性工程更具重要意义。本文主要在输电线路沿线冻土分布的基础上,重点对微地貌条件下冻土和厚层地下冰的分布发育规律进行了分析和研究。并在此基础上,结合输电线路工程特点,就线路的选线选位的原则进行了分析和确定。  相似文献   

6.
煤矿开采过程中的冻土环境问题与对策   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
冻土区矿产资源的开发,对多年冻土的影响速度快、范围广、最直接,是其他人为活动无法比拟的.特别是煤矿开采,它对多年冻土影响剧烈,使得煤矿区冻土环境更加脆弱.青海木里煤田矿区处于青藏高原阿尔金山—祁连山高寒带山地多年冻土区,是大通河上游水源涵养生态功能区,冻土生态环境较为敏感.在分析青海木里煤田矿区多年冻土分布状况与特征的基础上,从多年冻土变化和多年冻土区自然环境变化两个方面,探讨了煤矿开采过程中的冻土环境问题,并提出避免和减缓煤矿开采对冻土环境造成影响的建议与对策,以期为寒区资源合理开发利用保护提供科学依据.  相似文献   

7.
青藏铁路冻土与融区过渡段路基变形特性试验研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
冻胀和融沉是影响寒区路基稳定性的两大问题.对于多年冻土到融区过渡段路基,除考虑冻胀和融沉外,还应考虑多年冻土区和融区路基沉降变形差和冻胀变形差问题.根据青藏铁路沱沱河试验段路基在竣工后3a内的现场试验数据,分析了有代表性路基的地温变化、路基基底变形以及整个试验段的冻胀、沉降变形差问题,计算出了多年冻土与融区过渡段路基的合理长度.结果表明:多年冻土与融区过渡地带沉降总变形量相差较大,但从年沉降速率来看,路基不会产生突降,且随着沉降速率逐渐减小,路基趋于稳定;试验段内冻胀量差异不大,不会影响线路平顺度.对于本试验段此类工程地质条件,可以采用允许多年冻土融化原则的工程措施.  相似文献   

8.
祁连山中东部的冻土特征(Ⅰ): 多年冻土分布   总被引:1,自引:7,他引:1  
吴吉春  盛煜  于晖  李金平 《冰川冻土》2007,29(3):418-425
祁连山地区地势高耸,气候严寒,冰缘现象广布,各类冰缘现象受地形与水分条件的控制,分布具有明显的规律性.祁连山多年冻土属青藏冻土区,阿尔金山-祁连山亚区,分布在海拔3 400 m以上的高山、谷地、盆地中.多年冻土分布具有明显的高度地带性,随高度增加,冻土分布呈现出季节冻土-岛状冻土-连续冻土更替,同时,多年冻土下界高程与经度明显相关,自西向东表现出下降趋势,下降率约为每经度150 m,这一变化与降水在东西方向的变化有关.山区微气候因素复杂多变,也造成了冻土分布的复杂性,局地因素对冻土分布影响显著,对比分析了坡向,植被与水分、岩性,季节性积雪等诸因素对多年冻土分布的影响.  相似文献   

9.
多年冻土的分布会受到局地地质、地形地貌和地表覆被等因素的影响。为探究各因子对多年冻土分布的影响强弱,选择青藏高原五个典型多年冻土区为研究区,基于MODIS和SRTM DEM数据提取研究区内2003—2012年平均地表温度、NDVI、地表反照率、积雪日数和坡度、坡向等因子,并采用地理探测器模型研究了各因子对研究区多年冻土分布的影响程度及差异。结果表明:在所有研究区内,地表温度是影响多年冻土分布最强的因子,其次为积雪日数。随着空间尺度范围的增大,坡度和坡向对多年冻土分布的影响逐渐减弱,地表温度的影响则逐渐增强。交互探测结果显示两个因子交互作用对多年冻土分布的影响程度都要大于单因子作用下的影响程度。本研究明确了青藏高原多年冻土分布的区域差异规律,为不同尺度多年冻土分布制图提供理论基础。  相似文献   

10.
祁连山区多年冻土空间分布模拟   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
祁连山区位于青藏高原东北边缘,是亚洲水塔重要的组成部分,多年冻土的变化对生态系统和水资源平衡有着重要影响。基于青藏高原第二次综合科学考察、道路勘察钻孔点以及前人所获得的多年冻土下界资料,回归得出祁连山区多年冻土下界统计模型,借助ArcGIS平台在DEM数据的支持下,模拟出祁连山区多年冻土空间分布图。结果表明:祁连山区多年冻土分布的下界具有良好的地带性规律,表现为随经纬度增加而降低的规律;祁连山区多年冻土在空间分布上呈现出以哈拉湖为中心向四周扩散的分布格局;祁连山区总面积约为16.90×104 km2,其中多年冻土面积约为8.03×104 km2,占总面积约47.51%。多年冻土区与季节冻土区之间存在着有不连续多年冻土分布的过渡区,过渡区面积约1.43×104 km2,占总面积约8.46%。  相似文献   

11.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

12.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

13.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

15.
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.  相似文献   

16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

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19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.  相似文献   

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