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1.
大别造山带东段扬子陆块和华北陆块间缝合带的位置   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
大别山为扬子陆块和华北陆块之间的碰撞造山带.构造-岩石单元的岩石组成、同位素年代学资料和构造关系表明,大别山东段主要由扬子陆块北缘不同变质程度的变质基底和少量浅变质盖层组成,没有代表蛇绿混杂岩和华北陆块南缘古生代活动大陆边缘的火山-侵入岩建造.各主要构造-岩石单元间的界线为超高压变质岩折返过程中形成的伸展型剪切带,大别山北部的伸展-逆冲推覆构造也是超高压变质岩折返过程中伸展构造的一部分,其中不存在具有缝合带意义的重要构造界线.因此,在大别山东段,华北陆块和扬子陆块间的缝合带既不是水吼-五河剪切带,也不是磨子潭-晓天断裂.根据地球物理资料推测,南北陆块间的缝合带应分布在信阳-舒城断裂的前缘,但现在覆于合肥盆地中新生代沉积之下.  相似文献   

2.
辽北华北陆块北缘晚前寒武纪造山带标志   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
辽北华北陆块北缘存在巨型的晚前寒武纪造山带,其标志有:开原蛇绿混杂岩、构造混杂岩、阿拉斯加型岩体、碰撞造山型花岗岩、榴辉岩高压变质带。它们呈狭长的带状分布于辽北建平-阜新-铁岭-清原一带,是晋宁造山运动期间,古亚洲洋板块依次向古华北板块俯冲碰撞造山的结果。  相似文献   

3.
中国造山带面积约占全国陆域面积的3/5。造山带区由于经历过复杂的多岛洋演化,陆缘增生与陆-陆碰撞等多期次强烈的构造活动,形成了类型多样的混杂岩。混杂岩的识别与分类是造山带地质编图的重点与难点。本文介绍国际国内对混杂岩概念的理解,对与混杂岩紧密相关的名词术语,如蛇绿岩和蛇绿混杂岩、俯冲增生杂岩、杂岩、岩片和超岩片、非史密斯地层、构造地层、洋板块地层、对接缝合带、叠接缝合带等的含义进行了阐述。针对中国造山带地质特征,中国造山带混杂岩可划分出沉积混杂、构造混杂、沉积-构造复合混杂三大类。沉积混杂主要发生在威尔逊旋回的早期阶段(洋拉张阶段),构造混杂和沉积-构造复合混杂主要发生在威尔逊旋回的晚期阶段(洋俯冲消减-碰撞阶段),俯冲增生杂岩是俯冲带由俯冲消减-碰撞作用形成的构造混杂岩。  相似文献   

4.
秦岭大别山造山带内巨型构造混杂岩带的组成及构造意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
平行或近平行分布于秦岭大别山造山带的一个巨型构造混杂岩带,由变质表壳岩块、中深地壳变质块体、壳幔过滤带岩块和幔源岩块与糜梭岩和变晶糜梭岩基质共同组成。由构造混杂岩带内岩块和基质的变质变形特点、流变学性质、运动学标志、形成构造环境、动力学特征和时限,表明它们是华北陆块、扬子陆块和分布其间的地体并置碰撞对挤逆冲韧性剪切作用过程中多阶段长时期发育而成。空间上构造混杂岩带内岩块成分的多样性,反映造山带内物  相似文献   

5.
钦-杭接合带之构造特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
华南大陆壳由扬子地块和华夏地块两个主要的地质构造单元组成,其间发育一条板块碰撞拼接带——钦-杭接合带,依据地层组成、构造变形差异,进一步划分为鄣公山构造混杂岩带、绍兴-江山对接带,前者叠加发育在扬子地块南部陆缘江南古岛弧之上,后者代表两地块间消减了的大洋及边缘海混杂体,经历了晋宁-加里东多期碰撞拼贴:晋宁期华夏陆块向扬子陆块俯冲、碰撞、走滑,形成了透镜-网结状韧性剪切系统争三期褶皱变形;加里东运动,华夏陆块再次与扬子陆块碰撞、仰冲,导致华南加里东造山带逆冲推覆在晋宁期造山带之上。至此,两者最终焊接成一体,形成了统一的晚古生代沉积盖层。  相似文献   

6.
东昆中断裂带中存在多期蛇绿岩组合,分别代表中元古代、新元古代-早古生代和晚古生代3次裂解成洋.断裂带中主要的3类各不相同的韧性剪切构造变形组合分别可与新元古代早期、加里东期末和晚海西期的3次碰撞缝合事件相匹配."东昆中蛇绿混杂岩带"不能仅限于东昆中断裂带,而应包括原东昆中蛇绿混杂岩带和整个东昆南单元,是一多旋回俯冲碰撞的复合蛇绿构造混杂岩带.东昆中断裂带作为统一的纵贯东昆仑造山带的线性构造变形带应形成于印支期陆内构造变形阶段,是碰撞后的陆内构造变形产物.  相似文献   

7.
大别山区(安徽部分)的构造格局和演化过程   总被引:70,自引:8,他引:70  
徐树侗  江来利 《地质学报》1992,66(1):1-14,T001
大别山区是扬子和中朝大陆板块之间的碰撞造山带,由扬子大陆板块中的前陆褶冲带、俯冲盖层和俯冲基底、包含在俯冲基底中的含柯石英和金刚石的超高压变质帝、变质蛇绿混杂岩带、中朝大陆板块南缘的弧前复理石推覆体以及其北缘的反向褶冲带、北部边缘为磨拉斯的后继盆地组成。古大别海洋板块于早古生代向北俯冲时,中朝大陆板块南缘可能出现过火山弧和弧后盆地。卷入前陆褶冲带的地层以及榴辉岩的Sm/Nd同位素定时表明,两个大陆板块的强烈碰撞发生在中生代早期。  相似文献   

8.
东秦岭-桐柏-大别山碰撞造山带北部早古生代变质火山岩系具有与大洋拉斑玄武岩相似的岩石学、岩石化学及微量元素特征,与镁铁质、超镁铁质岩块、辉绿岩墙群以及变质的沉积岩断片共同构成蛇绿混杂岩带。它们原来形成在华北断块南部大陆边缘的早古生代边缘海盆地的洋壳上。这个边缘海盆地的产生与华南洋壳海域岩石圈断块在晚前寒武纪时期向北俯冲有关,是震旦纪古边缘海继续扩张的结果。在加里东末期到海西早期,扬子断块与华北断块发生碰撞,边缘海闭合。  相似文献   

9.
造山带内蛇绿混杂岩带结构与组成的精细研究可为古板块构造格局重建和古洋盆演化提供最直接证据。北山造山带内存在多条蛇绿混杂岩带,记录了古亚洲洋古生代以来的俯冲和闭合过程,然而其大地构造演化长期存在争议。红石山—百合山蛇绿混杂岩带位于北山造山带北部,主要由蛇绿(混杂)岩和增生杂岩组成,具典型的"块体裹夹于基质"的混杂岩结构特征,发育紧闭褶皱、无根褶皱、透入性面理和双重逆冲构造。蛇绿混杂岩带中岩块主要由超镁铁质-镁铁质岩(变质橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、异剥辉石岩、蛇纹岩)、辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩、硅质岩等洋壳残块以及奥陶纪火山岩、灰岩等外来岩块组成,基质则主要为蛇纹岩、砂板岩及少量的绿帘绿泥片岩;在蛇绿混杂岩带北侧发育有台地相灰岩与深水浊积岩组成的沉积混杂块体,具滑塌堆积特征。蛇绿混杂岩带内发育三期构造变形,前两期为中深构造层次下形成的透入性变形,第三期为浅表层次的脆性变形,未形成区域性面理。空间上,由增生杂岩和蛇绿(混杂)岩组成的百合山蛇绿混杂岩带共同仰冲于绿条山组浊积岩之上,具有与红石山地区蛇绿混杂岩带相似的岩石组成、构造变形和时空结构特征。百合山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧发育同期的明水岩浆弧,由晚石炭世石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩以及白山组岛弧火山岩组成,其与百合山蛇绿混杂岩带共同构成了北山造山带北部石炭—二叠纪的沟-弧体系,指示了红石山—百合山洋盆向南俯冲的极性。  相似文献   

10.
西昆仑苏巴什蛇绿混杂岩带组成、特征及其地质意义   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
苏巴什蛇绿混杂岩是北起苏巴什北侧的柳什塔格玄武岩南至乌鲁克库勒盆地南缘蛇绿混杂岩带包括其间所夹陆岛残片在内的一套构造-蛇绿混杂组合,它代表了古提斯洋的活动遗迹,是一典型的“软碰撞”缝合带,它是欧亚大陆南缘一条陆内缝合带,并于早、中三叠纪闭合而造山。  相似文献   

11.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

14.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。  相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

20.
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.  相似文献   

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