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1.
Sandstone bodies in the Sunnyside Delta Interval of the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, previously considered as point bars formed in meandering rivers and other types of fluvial bars, are herein interpreted as delta mouth‐bar deposits. The sandstone bodies have been examined in a 2300 m long cliff section along the Argyle and Nine Mile Canyons at the southern margin of the Uinta lake basin. The sandstone bodies occur in three stratigraphic intervals, separated by lacustrine mudstone and limestone. Together these stratigraphic intervals form a regressive‐transgressive sequence. Individual sandstone bodies are texturally sharp‐based towards mudstone substratum. In proximal parts, the mouth‐bar deposits only contain sandstone, whereas in frontal and lateral positions mudstone drapes separate mouth‐bar clinothems. The clinothems pass gradually into greenish‐grey lacustrine mudstone at their toes. Horizontally bedded or laminated lacustrine mudstone onlaps the convex‐upward sandstone bars. The mouth‐bar deposits are connected to terminal distributary channel deposits. Together, these mouth‐bar/channel sandstone bodies accumulated from unidirectional jet flow during three stages of delta advance, separated by lacustrine flooding intervals. Key criteria to distinguish the mouth‐bar deposits from fluvial point bar deposits are: (i) geometry; (ii) bounding contacts; (iii) internal structure; (iv) palaeocurrent orientations; and (v) the genetic association of the deposits with lacustrine mudstone and limestone.  相似文献   

2.
Distributary channel systems are an important component of deltaic systems, but details of their branching pattern, stream‐order, internal variability and relation with adjacent levée, bay and bayhead delta are rather poorly documented in ancient examples. Photomosaic and measured sections collected along a gooseneck‐shaped canyon in southern Utah allow direct mapping of the branching pattern of an ancient distributary system. The main channel belt is ca 250 m wide and narrows to ca 200 m downstream of the branching point. A subordinate channel belt, ca 80 m wide, branches off of the main channel, forming a distinctly asymmetrical branching pattern. Water discharge in the main channel is estimated to be 85 to 170 m3 sec?1. Comparison with palaeodischarge estimates of trunk rivers mapped in previous studies suggests that the branching documented in this study probably is a fourth‐order split. The distributary channels are characterized by a U‐shaped geometry filled with medium‐grained, cross‐bedded sandstone, and are dominated by lateral accretion, suggesting limited lateral migration and moderate sinuosity. Tidally influenced facies and limited trace fossils indicate direct marine influence. The distributary channels erode into adjacent levée and underlying heterolithic bay‐fill deposits, and the marine influence suggests that they were deposited on a lower delta plain, rather than on a non‐marine floodplain. The subordinate channel fed a bayhead delta, suggesting that it was formed by a partial avulsion, rather than bifurcation around a mouth bar, as is more characteristic of terminal distributary channels. Channel‐floor drapes, bar‐accretion drapes and abandoned channel fills within the sandstone channel belts represent the most important heterogeneity from the perspective of reservoir characterization.  相似文献   

3.

The mid‐Silurian Major Mitchell Sandstone of the Grampians Group outcrops at Mt Bepcha, western Victoria, represent a prograding fluviodeltaic sequence comprising four lithofacies and five ichnofacies. The stratigraphically lowest Interbedded Sandstone/Siltstone Facies is characterised by thin sandstone and siltstone beds with soft‐sediment deformation and scours with gravelly lag deposits. This lithofacies contains Thalassinoides, Palaeophycus, Rhizocorallium and intrastratal burrows, together indicative of the Cruziana Ichnofacies, and is interpreted as a shallow‐marine depositional environment on a low‐energy delta front with minor tidal influences. The overlying Massive Sandstone Facies lacks silt, and consists of predominantly massive and some plane‐laminated sandstone, abundant Skolithos linearis , rare Palaeophycus and a single small Cruziana problematica ; the trace‐fossil assemblage is assigned to the Skolithos Ichnofacies. This facies is believed to have been deposited in a marine high‐energy shoreface environment with continuously shifting sands, affected by periodic flooding events from the mouth of a nearby river. Above this is the Trough Cross‐bedded Facies, which contains trough cross‐bedding with gravelly lag deposits, a northwest palaeocurrent direction and large Taenidium barretti burrows (Burrowed Ichnofacies). This facies also contains abundant plane‐laminated sandstone with a northeast‐southwest palaeocurrent direction and ichnofossils of Scoyenia and Daedalus , representing the Scoyenia Ichnofacies. The Trough Cross‐bedded Facies is interpreted to have been deposited in shallow low‐sinuosity channels by overbank‐flooding events, most likely on a delta plain. The uppermost facies, the Plane‐laminated Facies, contains thin beds of current‐lineated, plane‐laminated graded coarse to fine sandstone that preserve arthropod trackways (Arthropod Ichnofacies). This facies was deposited on a periodically sheet‐flooded, subaerially exposed delta plain.  相似文献   

4.
Precambrian fluvial deposits have been traditionally described as architecturally simple, forming shallow and wide braidplains with sheet‐like geometry. The varied architecture and morphodynamics of the 1·6 Ga Ellice Formation of Elu Basin, Nunavut, Canada, are examined from detailed studies of section and planform exposures along coastal platforms and stepped cliffs. The Ellice Formation overlies older Proterozoic sandstones and Archean crystalline rocks, recording sedimentation in fluvial, aeolian, coastal and nearshore‐marine environments. The fluvial deposits display palaeoflow towards the west/north‐west, while overlying shallow‐marine deposits record transgression towards the east/south‐east. The Ellice Formation displays dispersed palaeoflow at its base, and also at higher stratigraphic levels, where fluvial and aeolian deposits are associated. Elsewhere, mainly unimodal palaeoflow points to extensive low‐sinuosity fluvial deposition. Within the terrestrial deposits, fluvial, fluvial–aeolian and coastal architectural elements are recognized. Fluvial elements comprise cross‐bedded sandstone and minor conglomerate, exhibiting an overall fining‐upward trend with associated decrease in preservation, dimension and amalgamation of channel bodies. These motifs are interpreted to portray a shift in depositional environment from proximal trunk rivers to distal alluvial plains. Low‐sinuosity fluvial elements are the most common, and include major channel bodies, elongate side bars and mid‐channel bars with well‐developed scroll topography. High‐sinuosity channel‐bar complexes exhibit upbar‐flow rotation and yield evidence of bar expansion coupled with rotation and translation. Fluvial–aeolian elements are composed of aeolian dunes juxtaposed with isolated channel bodies and bank‐attached bars. Minor mixed fluvial–aeolian sheets record local deposition in unconfined settings (possibly floodbasins) or inter‐distributary highlands. Finally, coastal elements comprise small deltaic complexes composed of sand‐rich distributary‐channel bodies feeding heterolithic mouth bars. Overall, the sedimentary record of the Ellice Formation demonstrates an example from the Precambrian where alluvium was locally characterized by a higher geomorphic variability than previously recognized.  相似文献   

5.
根据密井网测井、录井以及其它分析化验资料,结合区域地质背景,对松辽盆地杏树岗油田杏三区东部白垩系姚家组一段葡萄花Ⅰ组油层1-3小层(葡Ⅰ1-3小层)沉积微相类型、特征、组合模式和不同地质时期沉积微相平面展布特征及其演化规律进行系统的研究。结果表明,葡Ⅰ1-3小层为浅水湖泊三角洲沉积,主要发育三角洲分流平原和三角洲内前缘2种沉积亚相,含11种沉积微相,具有不同的沉积特征和测井相模式;利用自然电位曲线幅变值和砂体厚度,有效识别天然堤、水上决口沉积、溢岸薄层砂3种有成因联系、测井曲线形态类似的沉积微相;进一步根据各沉积微相的测井曲线形态组合、沉积成因及沉积作用的不同,总结出7种沉积微相组合模式。葡Ⅰ1-3小层沉积演化经历了早期湖退、中期稳定、晚期湖侵3个阶段,不同时期的沉积特征、沉积微相展布各异,总体表现出湖盆发育规模由大变小,再变大,骨架砂体厚度和理想钻遇率逐渐减小的特点。  相似文献   

6.
泌阳断陷湖盆陆相层序水进体系域以退积型扇三角洲为其沉积主体，靠近构造枢纽的陡坡带边缘，冲积扇相域越来越窄，而向盆内则由滨浅湖逐渐过渡为半深湖。断陷湖盆水体属水进型湖泊。水进体系域中油气潜在储集体包括冲积扇的辫状河道砂体及扇三角洲的分流河道、水下分流河道、河口砂坝和前缘席状砂体。但由于它们形成的古环境及物理化学条件的不同，其砂砾岩中所含粘土矿物类型及数量亦有显著差异，对其储集性能将产生不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

7.
The whole sedimentary succession (ca 600 m thick) of Wagad area ranging in age from Callovian to Early Kimmeridgian has been divided in to three Formations namely Washtawa, Kanthkot and Gamdau in ascending order. Prograding Kanthkot Formation was frequently interrupted by transgressions. Field and petrographic investigations revealed that the Kanthkot Formation represents three fossiliferous marker beds corresponding to Transgressive sequence I; Transgressive sequence II and Transgressive sequence III. These transgressive sequences are composed of two lithounits: medium to coarse grained/gritty, graded to massive, sheetlike, fossiliferous calcareous sandstone (storm lag unit I) and fossiliferous mudrocks (swell lag unit II). The thickness of the unit I varies from 5 to 75 cm and contains mostly convexly oriented shell fragments and whole shell of Pelecypods, Cephalopods and Brachiopods. Unit II (5–15 cm) is distinguished by sheetlike, massive or laminated, yellowish colour, soft fossiliferous mudrocks. This unit is intercalated with moderately bioturbated sandy siltstone. Unit I is dominant over Unit II in the sequences.Study suggests that the transgressive units were deposited close to wave base by high energy storm flows followed by low energy marine swells during transgression. The intense storms played a major role in the distribution of siliciclastics and nonclastic materials. Storms are evidenced by the occurrence of two distinctly different types of units (storm lags and swell lags). High energy levels are characterized by sand dominated sequence, abundance of reworked sediment particles, high proportion broken shells with convex up orientation and erosional and sharp nature of basal contacts of units together with well preserved bioclasts. Sudden short term changes from high to low energy during transgression are explained by the occurrence of medium to coarse grained siliciclastics interbedded with moderately bioturbated mudrocks. Moderately bedded individual strata, high content of coarse clastics along with polished granule size quartz and abundance of comminuted shells indicate a significant change in depositional setting, possibly closure approach of the source of terrigenous fraction or source uplift. Synrift sedimentation in the present study is documented by an abundance of coarse clastics and an over all aggradational nature of transgressive sequences.  相似文献   

8.
陕甘宁盆地陇东地区长8油组厚层非均质砂体的沉积学解剖   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  
通过对延长统长8段厚层砂岩沉积岩石学和层序地层学研究,将其分为两类,一类是由多期单一成因的分流河道砂岩叠加构成;另一类是由三角洲前缘的水下分流河道、河口坝、坝顶席状砂和滑塌砂等多种沉积微相以不同的组合形式叠加构成。首次提出在“高可容纳空间,高沉积通量”背景下,只有经过特殊水动力条件(淘洗)改造后形成的被我们称之为坝顶席状砂的砂岩才有可能成为相对高孔、高渗的优质储层。  相似文献   

9.
以三维地震、钻测井、岩心、测试化验等资料为基础,对准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区白垩系清水河组特别是“底砂岩段”重点油气储集层进行层序地层划分、沉积特征和砂体展布研究。认为:(1)清水河组发育高位体系域、湖侵体系域和低位体系域;其中,低位体系域主要发育浅水辫状河三角洲相,湖侵体系域发育滨浅湖-半深湖相,而高位体系域则发育浅水曲流河三角洲相。(2)“底砂岩段”中发育水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂和分流间湾4种沉积微相类型;“底砂岩段”位于受北部物源控制的浅水辫状河三角洲前缘,可分为内前缘和外前缘;(3)结合区域沉积背景建立了清水河组浅水三角洲沉积微相模式,整体上,清水河组沉积演化过程为一套完整的湖平面升降演化沉积旋回。  相似文献   

10.
鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区太原组是在北隆南倾的古地形背景下形成的以浅水三角洲为主的充填沉积。携带沉积物的河流进入海水后,由于河水与海水之间存在着较大的密度差异、侧向扩散较少,其三角洲前缘沿着海底继续向前快速推进,使水下分流河道延伸较远。研究区地形坡度平缓、水体浅,三角洲平原向前推进并进一步降低了地形坡度,从而减弱了携带沉积物的流体的动能,使得大部分沉积物在三角洲平原的分流河道中沉积下来。同时因水体浅,河口坝、席状砂等前缘沉积物常遭受进积的水下分流河道的冲刷和侵蚀而难以保存。研究区三角洲平原分流河道沉积极为发育,前三角洲相对不发育,三角洲前缘也以水下分流河道沉积为主。分流河道、水下分流河道常对下伏沉积物强烈冲刷,切割先期的沉积物乃至包括海相沉积物在内的深水沉积物。在三角洲废弃期,三角洲前缘沉积物常被潮汐作用改造。三角洲平原分流河道及三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体呈带状分布,是天然气勘探的有利目标。  相似文献   

11.
ERNESTO SCHWARZ 《Sedimentology》2012,59(5):1478-1508
The interpretation of sharp‐based shallow‐marine sandstone bodies encased in offshore mudstones, particularly transgressive units, has been a subject of recent debate. This contribution provides a multiple‐dataset approach and new identification criteria which could help in the recognition of transgressive offshore sandstone bodies worldwide. This study integrates sedimentology, ichnology, taphonomy and palaeoecology of Mulichinco Formation strata in the central Neuquén Basin (Argentina) in order to describe and interpret sharp‐based sandstone bodies developed in ramp‐type marine settings. These bodies are sandwiched between finer‐grained siliciclastics beneath and thin carbonates above. The underlying sediments comprise progradational successions from offshore mudstones to offshore transition muddy sandstones, grading occasionally into lower shoreface sandstones. The surfaces capping the regressive siliciclastics are flat and regionally extensive, and are demarcated by skeletal concentrations and a Glossifungites suite; they are also marked by sandstone rip‐up clasts, with encrustations and borings on all sides. These surfaces are interpreted as composite discontinuities, cut during a relative sea‐level fall and remodelled during the initial transgression. The overlying transgressive sandstone bodies are 3 to 7 m thick, >4 km long and about three times longer than wide; they are composed of fine‐grained sandstones with little lateral change in grain size. Cross‐stratification and/or cross‐lamination are common, typically with smaller‐scale structures and finer grain size towards the top. Large‐scale, low‐angle (5° to 8°) inclined stratification is also common, dipping at ca 30° with respect to body elongation and dominant currents. These sandstone bodies are interpreted as offshore sand ridges, probably developed under the influence of tidal currents. Intense burrowing is typical at the top of each unit, suggesting an abandonment stage. Final deactivation favoured colonization by epibenthic‐dominated communities and the formation of skeletal‐rich limestones during the latest transgressive conditions. As partial reworking of pre‐existing ridges occurred during this stage, the Mulichinco sandstone bodies are considered the remnants of transgressive offshore sand units.  相似文献   

12.
Four megabeds (I to IV) were recognized throughout the Cerro Bola inlier, a glacially influenced depositional area of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin, south‐western La Rioja Province, Argentina. Such anomalous thick beds are associated with the collapse of an unstable basin margin after periods of large meltwater discharge and sediment accumulation. Failure of these previously deposited sediments triggered mass flows and associated turbidity currents into the basin. Megabed I is up to 188 m thick and was deposited during a transgressive stage by re‐sedimentation of ice‐rafted debris. Also part of the transgressive stage, Megabeds II, III and IV are up to 9 m thick and are associated with a dropstone‐free period of flooding. Megabeds were subdivided into three divisions (1 to 3) that represent a spectrum of flow properties and rheologies, indicative of a wide range of grain support mechanisms. These divisions are proposed as an idealized deposit that may or may not be completely present; the Cerro Bola megabeds thus display bipartite or tripartite organization, each division inferred to reflect a rheologically distinct phase of flow. Division 1 is a basal layer that consists of clast‐supported and matrix‐supported, pebble conglomerate, rarely followed by weak normally graded to ungraded, very coarse‐ to coarse‐grained sandstone. This lower interval is interpreted to be the deposit of a concentrated density flow and is absent in bipartite megabeds. Division 2 is represented by a mud‐rich sandstone matrix with dispersed granule to pebble‐size crystalline and mudstone clasts. It also includes fragments of sandstone up to boulder size, as well as rafts of cohesive muddy material and wood fragments. Division 2 is interpreted to be a result of debris‐flow deposition. A debrite‐related topography, resulting from the freezing of high yield strength material, captures and partially confines the succeeding upper division 3, which fills the topographic lows and pinches out against topographic highs. Division 3 is rich in mudstone chips and consists of very coarse‐grained, dirty sandstones grading upward to siltstones and mudstones. It is interpreted to be a deposit of a co‐genetic turbidity current. Spectral gamma ray and petrographic analyses indicate that both debrite and co‐genetic turbidite have high depositional mud content and are of similar composition. One of the megabeds is correlated with an initial slump‐derived debris flow, which suggests that the mass flow becomes partitioned both at the top, generating a co‐genetic turbidity current and, at the base, segregating into a concentrated density flow that seems to behave as a gravelly traction carpet.  相似文献   

13.
塔里木盆地大宛齐油田康村组储层特征及评价   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
在地层对比的基础上,深入研究了大宛齐油田康村组储层的岩石学特征、储集砂体成因类型及其特征、储层孔隙类型、孔隙结构特征及储层分布规律.大宛齐油田康村组属于低弯度河进入极浅水湖泊形成的三角洲沉积体系,决定了它主要的储集砂体成因类型为三角洲砂体,其中又可细分为三角洲平原分流河道砂体、三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体和河口砂坝砂体,主要储集空间类型是剩余原生粒间孔隙,其次是粒间溶孔和微孔隙.分流河道砂体以粒度较粗的中粗砂岩、含砾砂岩和细砂岩为主,发育大孔隙,粗喉道,孔隙度大,渗透率高,储集性能好;河口砂坝砂体,粒度相对较细,以细-粉砂岩为主,孔隙度相对较低,孔径也相对较小.纵向上,康村组中下部砂体较发育,上部次之,以砂泥互层形式叠置,但总体上砂岩含量不高,一般在15%~30%之间;康村组储层横向分布受物源等因素影响,呈现出东北部厚、西北部薄的特点.储层物性总的分布规律是由北东往南西方向,孔隙度减小,由南东往北西方向渗透率变差.   相似文献   

14.
通过对苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组一段38口取心井的岩心观察和薄片鉴定, 识别出岩性、结构、构造标志, 进一步分析了高邮凹陷阜一段的相标志和沉积展布特征。研究认为其具有浅水三角洲和滩坝相的沉积特征, 其中浅水三角洲可进一步分为浅水三角洲平原和浅水三角洲前缘2个沉积亚相, 前者包括分流河道、河口坝、天然堤3个沉积微相, 后者包含水下分流河道、水下天然堤、支流间湾、河口坝4个沉积微相。在湖平面频繁变化过程中, 浅水三角洲的水下分流河道向湖泊轴心方向推进, 形成多个叠置的朵叶体;而在浅水三角洲侧缘, 由于湖浪和沿岸流的改造, 形成多条沿湖岸线和浅水三角洲呈狭长带状展布的滩坝。在上述研究基础上, 建立了湖平面频繁变化时期浅水三角洲和滩坝混合沉积的沉积模式。  相似文献   

15.
肇35区块是大庆宋芳屯油田新开发的区块,葡萄花油层为主力勘探层位。综合各类地质数据及沉积相分析,认为研究区主要发育三角洲前缘和浅湖两种沉积相类型,进一步划分为水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、水下分流间湾和浅湖泥岩等微相类型,建立了相应的测井相模板。垂向上,河口坝在葡上段较发育,砂岩分选较好,PI2小层为主要含油层位;水下分流河道在葡下段发育良好,PI51、PI52和PI7小层为主要含油层位。平面上,研究区主要以西北部和北部物源为主,砂体呈现西北厚、东南薄的分布特点。水下分流河道呈树枝状交叉合并,规模较大,沿河道延伸方向连续性好;河道末端及两侧发育片状、席状砂,厚度较薄,连续性好;河口坝砂体主要分布在河道末端,呈透镜状展布,规模较小。结合各沉积微相含油性、物性特征分析,在研究区预测了3类有利相带,其中水下分流河道砂体为Ⅰ类有利相带区,在研究区分布面积较大;河口坝砂体为Ⅱ类有利相带区,在研究区分布面积较小且分散;席状砂为Ⅲ类有利相带区,仅在研究区南部发育。  相似文献   

16.
The relationship between diagenetic chlorite rims and depositional facies in deltaic strata of the Lower Cretaceous Missisauga Formation was investigated using a combination of electron microprobe, bulk geochemistry and X‐ray diffraction data. The succession studied comprises several stacked parasequences. The delta progradational facies association includes: (i) fluvial or distributary channel sandstones (some with tidal influence); (ii) thick‐bedded delta‐front graded beds of sandstone interpreted as resulting from fluvial hyperpycnal flow during floods and storms; and (iii) more distal muddier delta‐front and prodeltaic facies. The transgressive facies association includes lag conglomerate, siderite‐cemented muddy sandstone and mudstone, and bioclastic sandy limestone. Chlorite rims are absent in the fluvial facies and best developed in thick sandstones lacking mudstone baffles. Good quality chlorite rims are well correlated with Ti in bulk geochemistry. Ti is a proxy for Fe availability, principally from the breakdown of abundant detrital ilmenite (FeTiO3). Under conditions of sea floor diagenesis, the abrupt decrease in sedimentation rate at transgressive surfaces caused progressive shallowing of the sulphate‐depletion level and of the overlying Eh‐controlled diagenetic zones, resulting in conditions suitable for diagenetic formation of berthierine to migrate upwards through the packet of reservoir sandstones. This early diagenetic berthierine suppressed silica cementation and later recrystallized to chlorite. Thick euhedral outer chlorite rims were precipitated from formation water in sandstone lacking muddy baffles on this chlorite substrate and inhibited late carbonate cementation. This study thus shows that the preservation of porosity by chlorite rims is a two‐stage process. Rapidly deposited delta‐front turbidite facies create early diagenetic conditions that eventually lead to the formation of chlorite rims, but the best quality chlorite rims are restricted to sandstones with high permeability during burial diagenesis.  相似文献   

17.
“Coarsening upward” successions typical of subtidal sand bars have been recognised in the NE-trending linear sandstone bodies which occur within marine shale in the Eze-Aku Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of southeastern Nigeria.The ideal succession, 15–20 m thick, consists of the following units from bottom to top: (1) bioturbated grey siltstone (offshore mud); (2) wave-ripple-laminated, fine-grained well-sorted sandstone (offshore sands); (3) trough and tabular, cross-bedded medium-grained sandstone with channelled base (subtidal channel complex); (4) trough cross-bedded, medium-grained sandstone with bimodal-bipolar paleocurrent pattern (subtidal bar); (5) coarse, pebbly trough cross-bedded sandstone with wave-rippled top, rare burrows and a bimodal-bipolar paleocurrent pattern (subtidal bar). A sixth facies, not a part of the normal sequence, consists of coarse, carbonate-cemented pebbly sandstone grading into pure shell-limestone (bar margin).The sand bars seem to have grown on a shallow mud-bottomed, wave-worked inland sea inhabited by burrowers. A model for the stages of the vertical growth of the bar is presented.  相似文献   

18.
鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘延安组含有大量的优质煤,属稳定大地构造条件下的浅湖三角州沉积物。三角洲体系有以下单元组成:(1)前三角洲;(2)三角洲前缘(水下分流河道相和河口坝相);(3)三角洲平原(分流河道相,天然堤、决口扇、沼泽和具决口三角洲的分流间湾);(4)废弃三角洲平原.通过详细的露头观察和岩心研究及沉积岩的地质填图工作,浅湖三角洲特征可归纳如下:(1)推进速度非常快、舌形体长而窄,间湾在其间发育,决口事件频繁发生;(2)前三角洲非常薄(0.2～0.5m),三角洲剖面几乎绝大部分由三角洲前缘和三角洲平原构成;(3)河口坝相由砂岩和泥岩互层组成;(4)水下分流河道砂岩厚度在0.5～3.5m范围内,被河口坝沉积物围绕;(5)在废弃三角洲平原中,由于极少沉积物带入沼泽,因此沉积了厚的低灰煤层。  相似文献   

19.
塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组下沥青砂岩段是塔里木盆地古生界碎屑岩层系油气主要富集层段之一。以钻井岩心观察描述为基础,结合测井、地震和分析测试资料进行综合分析,提出了塔中地区志留系下沥青砂岩段发育海侵背景下的滨岸-潮坪-辫状河三角洲沉积体系的观点。其中滨岸相沉积中主要发育上临滨和下临滨沉积微相,岩性以细砂岩、粉砂岩、含砾不等粒砂岩为主;潮坪沉积相中障壁砂坝、潮砂滩、潮汐水道、砂坪沉积微相发育,潮道沉积的岩性以砂岩、粗砂岩和含砾砂岩为主,发育楔形、板状和羽状交错层理,底部见侵蚀冲刷面和较多黄铁矿团块;辫状河三角洲中发育辫状河水下分流河道、分流间湾、前缘席状砂等沉积微相。海侵时期,下沥青砂岩段存在4期超覆砂体,从盆地中部向南部的塔中低隆逐期超覆,沉积微相在平面上也由此存在着复合超覆规律的演变,整体表现为滨岸相至潮坪相、辫状河三角洲沉积相沉积的演变。4期超覆沉积微相的平面分布在控制因素、展布范围和海侵方向上具有一定的继承性、相似性和规律性。  相似文献   

20.
Westphalian B (Duckmantian) alluvial Coal Measures along the Northumberland coast, NE England, comprise coal-capped coarsening-upward crevasse-splay sequences of shale, siltstone and sandstone, interbedded with a number of major distributary channel sandbodies, including the Table Rocks Sandstone. Lithofacies, architectural analysis and outcrop geometries divide the Table Rocks Sandstone into flaggy sandstone, massive sandstone, heterolithic, and mudstone facies associations, each comprising up to 7 lithofacies types. The three sandy facies associations are characterised by lenticular bed geometries on different scales producing a hierarchy of lensoid packages and associated bounding surfaces, all showing typical offset stacking patterns: (1) lenses, represent individual lenticular cross-bed sets, bounded by 1st order surfaces; (2) packages of lenses, called lens clusters are bounded by 2nd order surfaces, and are the basic architectural building block of the sandy facies associations; and (3) vertically stacked lens clusters called amalgamated lens clusters, bounded by 3rd order surfaces. The Table Rocks sandbody has a laterally extensive, irregular, lobate subsurface plan geometry, it displays a radial palaeocurrent pattern with 180° dispersion, and it forms part of a 14-m thick coarsening-upward regressive sequence. It is interpreted as a composite, lobate crevasse-splay delta system that prograded into a shallow interdistributary fresh to brackish water lake up to 14 m deep. The shallow lake water, fluvial input, and extensive development of traction structures such as cross-bedding and ripple cross-lamination suggests a friction-dominated delta, in which the four facies associations can be interpreted in terms of discrete elements of the mouth bar environment. The flaggy sandstone facies association represents the main, axial part of the mouth bar system, the erosively based massive sandstone facies association major subaqeous distributary channels, the lithologically more variable heterolithic facies association the medial mouth bar, and the mudstone facies association the distal mouth bar fringe and prodelta. Within this environmental setting amalgamated lens clusters are interpreted as small, discrete mouth bar sand lobes, whose offset, imbricate stacking pattern reflects channel spacing and bifurcation, the rate of channel shifting, or shallow depths and lack of accommodation space. Thus, lens clusters are interpreted as discrete growth elements of the mouth bar sand lobes, and lenses as individual bedforms making up these growth elements. Because of the high rate of channel shifting, lack of extensive erosion of the mouth bar lobes, and deposition of low discharge fines, the lobes retained much of their original depositional geometry, thereby providing advantageous gradients for offset deposition and stacking of adjacent sand lobes. Although the delta complex was maintained by frequent crevassing from the feeder channel, and by subsidence due to contemporaneous compaction and/or local tectonism, it was deeply incised on two occasions by subaqeous channels in response to high magnitude floods or falling lake level.  相似文献   

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