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1.
南极中山站区(拉斯曼丘陵)高级片麻岩中多发育蠕英石即斜长石+石英,蠕英石的出现表明岩石中往往同时存在斜长石和钾长石.通常还有一些相关现象与蠕英石相伴,如矿物颗粒周围的斜长石±石英边、钾长石边.蠕英斜长石比主斜长石牌号更高和更低的现象均可发生,而且蠕英斜长石的成分比主斜长石变化范围更大.蠕英石的形成主要涉及长英质矿物的变化,不仅涉及到钾长石的分解,可能还与钾长石的出溶、石英、黑云母的分解,甚至斜长石的出溶和分解有关.析出的组分对先存矿物(主要是钾长石)溶蚀和交代,同时出现蠕英石.变形有利于蠕英石的形成,但不是必要条件,长英质岩石中蠕英石的形成意味着降压过程的发生.形成蠕英石的组分主要源于体系自身,而不是外部环境.结合与相关结构的对比和分析,蠕英石的产生主要是长英质组分晚期分异的结果由于K,Na(Ca)的分异,Na(Ca)(2)+沉淀,K+组分活动,SiO2亦可有一定的迁移;释放、迁移的组分更偏碱性.这种分异是岩石内部的成分和结构调整的产物,但相关组分活动的空间非常有限,一般限于若干个矿物颗粒的尺度.蠕英斜长石的形成可能代表着斜长石-石英之间的一种共结,并对新生斜长石的成分起到一种缓冲作用,其过程更接近溶液而不是岩浆性质,同时表示除H2O外各种组分活动的基本结束. 相似文献
2.
《矿物岩石》2016,(2)
贵东东部花岗岩岩体中多发育蠕英石,一般为3%~5%,有时高达8%。蠕英石的产出条件多种多样,形态千姿百态。随着岩浆演化,岩石粒度变细,蠕英石越来越不发育,且蠕英石中的蠕石英含量越来越低。如产于粗粒斑状角闪黑云母二长花岗岩中蠕英石的蠕石英含量高达27.78%,中粒斑状黑云母花岗岩蠕英石中的蠕石英含量约为18.44%;中-细粒黑云母花岗岩中蜗牛状蠕英石中的蠕石英含量约为10.00%,细粒黑云母花岗岩粒间蠕英石中的蠕石英含量仅为9.11%。蠕英斜长石中Ab含量一般比主晶斜长石中Ab含量高,如粗粒角闪黑云母二长花岗岩蠕英斜长石中An为8~27,主晶斜长石An为33~41;当主晶斜长石属于钠长石区的斜长石时,蠕英斜长石与主晶斜长石的成分相差不多。贵东东部花岗岩蠕英石化与钠长石化密切共生,两者在时间和空间上具有统一性,存在此消彼长的关系。综合研究认为贵东花岗岩中蠕英石的形成是交代成因,且岩石动力变形是蠕英石形成的必要条件。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组碎屑岩中自生伊利石形成机制及其对储层形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组砂岩骨架颗粒中几乎没有碎屑长石,残余的微量长石(在岩石中的平均含量为0.4%.低于X射线衍射检测限)主要为钾长石,同时具有较低的自生高岭石含量(1.02%)、很低的自生石英含量和同期火山物质含量,以及较高的自生伊利石含量(1.22%),这表明太原组的自生伊利石主要是在相对高温的深埋藏封闭条件下,通过钾长石溶解反应:钾长石+H~++H_2O→高岭石+硅质+K~+和高岭石伊利石化反应:高岭石+K~+→伊利石+H~++H_2O或其加和反应:钾长石+高岭石→硅质+伊利石+H_2O形成,后者通过消耗钾离子而克服钾长石溶解的动力学屏障,是前者的重要驱动反应,并向流体输出氢离子,因此对次生孔隙的形成、尤其是在相对深埋藏的成岩过程中与钾长石溶解有关的次生孔隙的形成具有显著的积极作用. 相似文献
4.
钾长石中的铅及其对成矿的贡献 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在中-酸性岩浆岩、碱性岩浆岩、片麻岩及混合岩等岩石类型中,钾长石是含铅最高的造岩矿物,其铅含量是全岩铅含量的2～10倍,云母类矿物铅含量的3～16倍,石英铅含量的6～32倍.早元古代、太古宙岩石中钾长石含量低,钾长石中的铅占全岩铅含量的比例低于10%,中元古代以来的碱性岩浆岩、富含钾长石的花岗岩和变质岩,钾长石含量增高,其中所含的铅占全岩铅的比例明显增大,钾长石含量达50%～70%的碱性岩,钾长石中的铅约占全岩总铅量的70%～95%.钾长石在后期极易发生水热蚀变,转变为绢云母、方解石、石英等,在这种转变过程中,铅大量析出进入流体相.这种变化能够为后期铅的成矿提供成矿物质. 相似文献
5.
以往千枚岩是依据显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名.实际上千枚岩中鳞片状绿泥石和黑云母以及微粒石英、钾长石和斜长石在岩石薄片中区分十分困难.为了准确鉴定千枚岩中鳞片状和微粒状造岩矿物种类及其相对含量,利用X射线粉晶衍射半定量技术对19件千枚岩岩石进行分析测试.研究结果显示：利用云母、绿泥石、石英、钾长石和斜长石等造岩矿物X射线衍射峰的明显差异,结合X射线衍射全谱拟合半定量分析测试技术,能快速检测云母、绿泥石、石英、钾长石和斜长石等造岩矿物种类与含量.实践证明,将千枚岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术紧密结合起来,才能准确定出千枚岩岩石的名称. 相似文献
6.
采用电子探针显微分析(EMPA)和粉末X射线衍射(XRD)分析了采自乌拉山金矿床含金钾长石石英脉、石英脉以及其他类型岩石中的10 0多个钾长石样品的化学成分和结果状态,并采用R和Q模式聚类分析、Spearman等级相关分析方法对实验数据进行了统计分析。结果表明,含金矿脉、岩浆热液脉和蚀变花岗岩中的钾长石为中等到最大微斜长石,其特征为K2 O含量高,但相对而言,Na2 O、CaO和BaO的含量低。其他岩石类型中的钾长石的化学成分和结果状态变化很大,可以从透长石、正长石到微斜长石,其特征为K2 O的含量相对较低,但Na2 O、CaO和BaO的含量相对较高。含金样品中的钾长石通常更富K2 O ,表明金的成矿作用与富钾的热液流体和碱质交代作用有关。乌拉山金矿床的成矿作用分为两个阶段,主要的含金钾长石石英脉中的钾长石富K2 O ,形成温度为30 7～379℃,平均为35 3℃;第二阶段含金石英脉中的钾长石含K2 O较低,形成温度为2 6 0～318℃,平均为2 81℃。这些结果表明成矿流体与岩浆热液作用有关,流体朝温度降低、K2 O含量降低的方向演化,K2 O含量高的热液流体和2 6 0～380℃的形成温度有利于金的成矿作用。 相似文献
7.
花岗岩类岩石中的钾长石巨晶,有的认为是斑晶,有的认为是变斑晶。本文通过对北京周口店岩体中钾长石巨晶的野外产状、显微结构、矿物化学等特征研究,证明巨晶是在岩浆结晶作用的早—中期阶段,直接从不饱和水的熔体中生长而成的斑晶。钾长石巨晶多见于较贫钾长石组分的花岗岩类岩石(石英二长岩-花岗闪长岩)中,其原因可能是,与花岗岩和白岗岩岩浆相比,这种成分的岩浆温度较高,粘度较小,组分扩散较快,钾长石的成核速率较小,而生长速度较大。周口店岩体中钾长石巨晶的大小和含量的变异,可能主要受冷凝梯度dT/dt的控制。 相似文献
8.
内蒙白旗地区火山碎斑熔岩矿物红外光谱特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
正镶白旗碎斑熔岩和花岗斑岩中钾长石主要为高正长石和低透长石，有序度低，反映了白旗火山岩形成温度较高，钾长石有序度具明显的变化规律，反映了各相带岩石形成环境的差异性。各相带中石英的红外光谱反映了与钾长石相同的温度变化规律；岩石中锆石主要以晶质锆石为主；磁铁矿的红外光谱特征则表明碎斑熔岩形成于高氧化条件的侵出相环境。 相似文献
9.
在某些塑性变形的花岗质石（主要是同构造花岗岩）中，发现一种不同于糜棱基质的微细粒矿物集合体－－微粒交生体。它充填于大粒级矿物的三结点和接合缝内，含量一般为２－６ｖｏｌ％由微粒石英、钾长石、蠕状石等组成，成分上与花岗质岩浆晚期结晶产物相当。根据其产状、成分、岩相学特征及有关实验资料，认为它是较镪应力作用下岩石所含量熔体残余呈初体等）的结晶产物，可做为岩体同构造侵位或塑性变形岩石部分熔融作用的显微构造 相似文献
10.
福建政和铁山岩体以往被认为属于"正长岩",是华南少见的印支期碱性侵入岩类。笔者等对铁山岩体西南部狮子岗岩体的研究表明,其岩性并非正常的侵入岩,而是由强烈的钾质流体交代作用形成的交代岩,交代岩中还保留了许多角砾状的原岩残留体,包括印支期花岗质岩体、早侏罗世梨山组砂砾岩及早白垩世南园组火山岩等,推断交代岩形成于白垩纪。交代岩中的钾长石可分为面型钾化蚀变、早期浅色钾化脉、晚期深色钾化脉和黑榴石辉石钾长岩等4种成因类型。第一类钾长石Or分子含量变化于77.9%~94.3%,Ab分子含量变化于5.2%~21.3%,An分子含量变化于0%~0.8%。第二类钾长石Or分子含量变化于81.5%~91.3%,Ab分子含量变化于8.2%~17.4%,An分子含量变化于0.5%~4.1%。第三类钾长石Or分子含量变化于91.8%~96.8%,Ab分子含量变化于3.2%~9.3%,An分子含量变化于0.1%~0.4%。第四类钾长石Or分子含量变化于85.2%~90.0%,Ab分子含量变化于10.8%~14.6%,An分子含量变化于0.2%~0.6%。钾交代可大致划分为早、晚两期。早期钾交代形成面型钾化蚀变和早期浅色钾化脉,钾长石有序度为0.71~0.80,结构参数为1.27~1.61,三斜度为0.23~0.29,T1(o)+T1(m)为0.86~0.90;晚期钾交代形成晚期深色钾化脉和黑榴石钾长石岩,钾长石有序度为0.67~0.88,结构参数为1.10~1.91,三斜度为0.30~0.70,T1(o)+T1(m)为0.84~0.93。早、晚两期钾长石都是微斜长石,多为高微斜长石,结晶温度为200~370℃之间。交代岩的岩石类型主要包括石英钾长石岩、辉石钾长石岩和黑榴石钾长石岩等。 相似文献
11.
Evan R. Phillips 《Lithos》1974,7(3):181-194
Myrmekite, first detected by Michel-Lévy in 1875 and named by Sederholm in 1899, is an intergrowth between vermicular quartz and (sodic) plagioclase situated next to potash feldspar. In felsic plutonic rocks it occurs as: rims bordering granular plagioclase, intergranular blebs set between adjacent microperthite crystals, lobes associated with muscovite in deformed alkali feldspar megacrysts or as bulbous growths at their margins, and rims on plagioclase inclusions held within orthocalse megacrysts. A literature review based largely on papers published in the past quarter century shows that hypotheses for myrmekite genesis fall mainly into five categories: simultaneous or direct crystallization, replacement of potash feldspar by plagioclase, replacement of plagioclase by potash feldspar, solid-state exsolution, and recrystallizing quartz involved with blastic plagioclase. 相似文献
12.
Myrmekites have attracted the attention of petrographers over more than a century, and several genetic models have been proposed. We report on myrmekites from the Weinsberg granite of the Moldanubian zone of Upper Austria. Based on petrographic evidence, fluid-mediated replacement of alkali feldspar by myrmekite during the sub-solidus evolution of the granite is inferred. The replacement was metasomatic on the scale of the myrmekite domains requiring addition of sodium and calcium and removal of potassium from the reaction site. In contrast, silica and aluminum were conserved across the reaction front. Myrmekite formation appears to have been synchronous with and related to the hydration of orthopyroxene and concomitant replacement of primary magmatic plagioclase by biotite at around 500 °C. The evolution of the myrmekite microstructure and a peculiar composition zoning of the plagioclase constituting the myrmekite matrix is qualitatively explained by a model for discontinuous precipitation, which accounts for chemical segregation by diffusion within the reaction front and the propagation of the reaction front with finite mobility as potentially rate limiting processes. Constraints on the underlying reaction rates are derived from the preserved microstructure and chemical pattern. Crystal orientation imaging by electron backscatter diffraction reveals grain-internal deformation, which is primarily concentrated in the quartz and less pronounced in the plagioclase matrix of the myrmekite. This is interpreted as a growth feature related to different transformation strain at the segments of the myrmekite reaction front, where quartz and plagioclase are formed. 相似文献
13.
PouranBehnia LorenceGCollins BahrainASamani 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(1):34-41
The Qooshchi area lies to northwest of Orumieh Lake in western Azerbaijan, NW Iran. A basement metamorphic complex, consisting of Precambrian schists and gneisses, has been intruded by gabbres and diorites. Granitolds are grouped into five suites according to their mineralogy, texture and exposed features. The main body, pink Qooshchi granite, and apophyse-like, myrmekite-bearing granit-oids are discussed in this paper. On the basis of field observations and microscopic studies, an intensive metasonmtism has overprinted the country rocks, especially gabbros, transforming them into a more felsic composition. A prior event of intensive deformation and cataclasis preceded the metasonmtism, al-lowing the introduction of hydrothermal fluids. K-metasonmtism converted plagiuclase into K-feldspar (microdme), myrmekite, and sodic plagioclase as Si-metasomatism replaced the ferromagnesian silicates by quartz. Apophyse-like bodies within gabbros, called leucometasomatites, are formed during this process. 相似文献
14.
关于蠕状石的成因，施工地质学家提出各种不同的成因假说，多数人认为是交代生成的。根据蠕状石总是产在麻粒岩相变质岩和相应的混合岩中，并常出现于斜长石，正长石和石英的接触部位，含蠕状石的斜长石的折射率低于不含蠕状石的斜工石以及近年来花岗质岩和石熔融实验研究获得的成果，笔者认为，蠕状石是在麻粒岩相变质条件下，由溶熔作用在变质岩中局部产生的花岗质熔浆于冷却结晶过程中最后共结产生的。 相似文献
15.
Myrmekite, as defined here, is the microscopic intergrowth between vermicular quartz and modestly anorthitic plagioclase (calcic albite-oligoclase), intimately associated with potassium feldspar in plutonic rocks of granitic composition. Hypotheses previously invoked in explanation of myrmekite include: (1) direct crystallization; (2) replacement; (3) exsolution. The occurrence of myrmekite in paragneisses and its absence in rocks devold of discrete grains of potassium feldspar challenge those hypotheses based on direct crystallization or replacement. However, several lines of evidence indicate that myrmekite may in fact originate in response to kinetic effects associated with the exsolution of calcic alkali feldspar into discrete potassium feldspar and plagioclase phases. Exsolution of potassium feldspar system projected from [AlSi2O8] involves the exchange CaAlK-1Si-1, in which the AlSi-1 tetrahedral couple is resistant to intracrystalline diffusion. By contrast, diffusion of octahedral K proceeds relatively easily where it remains uncoupled to the tetrahedral exchange. We suggest here that where the ternary feldspar system is open to excess silica, the exchange reaction that produces potassium feldspar in the ternary plane is aided by the net-transfer reaction K+Si=Orthoclase, leaving behind indigenous Si that reports as modal quartz in the evolving plagioclase as the CaAl component is concomitantly incorporated in this same phase. Thus silica is pumped into the reaction volume from a silica reservoir, a process that enhances redistribution of both Si and Al through the exsolving ternary feldspar. 相似文献
16.
L. J. G. Schermerhorn 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1956,6(1-2):73-115
A coarsely porphyritic granite of great areal extent in northern Portugal is described from the locality of Cete, cast of Oporto. Geological and petrographical evidence go to show that it originated by consolidation from a magma of much the same composition.The relative ages and modes of formation of the constituents are deduced from textural relationships. A paragenetical table is given. Initial magmatic conditions are demonstrated by the preferential distribution of the primary accessories in biotite, the earliest of the main constituents. Rare andalusite seems to be an early constituent. Intrusion is correlated with early crystallization. The magma had been emplaced before oligoclase started to separate. The microclineperthite megacrysts are shown to have largely crystallized from a magmatic fluid, ending on a replacement stage. Foliation and lineation, defined by planar and linear parallelism of the megacrysts, have formed in situ, not as flow structures due to intrusion. Orientation of older biotite and plagioclase inclusions in the megacrysts is described. Perthite is inferred to have formed by exsolution.The orthomagmatic stage passed into a final metasomatic period, with replacement textures. The main generation of quartz is partly magmatic, partly metasomatic. Primary plagioclase in contact with microcline suffered decalcification of its borders. There also occur albite fringes around primary plagioclase which were formed by albitization of surrounding microcline. Six different habits of quartz, representing two or three generations, and two types of myrmekite are distinguished. A new type of myrmekite quartz is described. The features of the metasomatic or endoblastic stage are discussed.With 17 Figures and 2 Tables... One of the fundamental branches of plutonic geology, ... is concerned with textures as indicating the time-relations of the rock components. H. H. Read (1949) 相似文献
17.
Cordierite–quartz and plagioclase–quartz intergrowths in a paragneiss from northern Labrador (the Tasiuyak Gneiss) were studied using SEM, STEM and TEM. The gneiss experienced granulite facies conditions and partial melting during both regional and, subsequently, during contact metamorphism. The microstructures examined all results from the contact metamorphism. Cordierite–quartz intergrowths occur on coarse and fine scales. The former sometimes exist as a ‘geometric’ intergrowth in which the interface between cordierite and quartz appears planar at the resolution of the optical microscope and SEM. The latter exists in several microstructural variants. Plagioclase is present as a minor component of the intergrowth in some examples of both the coarse and fine intergrowth. Grain boundaries in cordierite–quartz intergrowths are occupied by amorphous material or a mixture of amorphous material and chlorite. Cordierite and quartz are terminated by crystal faces in contact with amorphous material. Chlorite is sometimes found on cordierite surfaces and penetrating into cordierite grains along defects. Quartz contains (former) fluid inclusions 10–20 nm in maximum dimension. The presence of planar interfaces between cordierite and the amorphous phase is reminiscent of those between crystals and glass in volcanic rocks, but in the absence of compelling evidence that the amorphous material represents former melt, it is interpreted as a reaction product of cordierite. Plagioclase–quartz intergrowths occur in a number of microstructural variants and are commonly associated with cordierite–quartz intergrowths. The plagioclase–quartz intergrowths display simple, non‐planar interfaces between plagioclase and quartz. Quartz contains (former) fluid inclusions of dimensions similar to those observed in cordierite–quartz intergrowths. The boundary between quartz and enclosing K‐feldspar is cuspate, with quartz cusps penetrating a few tens of nanometres into K‐feldspar, commonly along defects in K‐feldspar and sometimes with very low dihedral angles at their tips. This cuspate microstructure is interpreted as melt pseudomorphs. The plagioclase–quartz intergrowths share some features with myrmekite, but differ in some respects: the composition of the plagioclase (An37Ab62Or1–An38Ab61Or1); the association with cordierite–quartz intergrowths; and microstructures that are atypical of myrmekite (e.g. quartz vermicules shared with cordierite–quartz intergrowths). It is inferred that the plagioclase–quartz intergrowths may have formed from, or in the presence of, melt. Inferred melt‐related microstructures preserved on the nanometre scale suggest that melt on grain boundaries was more pervasive than is evident from light optical and SEM observations. 相似文献
18.
Petrological Implication of the Albite Rims in the Felsic Gneisses of the Fuping Complex 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The albite rim is present in most felsic gneisses of the Fuping Complex. The presence of the rim indicates the coexistence of plagioclase and K-feldspar in the rock. The rim is formed immediately after the myrmekite, and both textures were derived from the alteration of K-feldspar. The difference is that that there is no quartz present in the rim, and the rim is nearly albite and the anorthite content of the rim plagioclase is substantially lower than that of the myrmekite plagioclase. Formed at 400–500°C the albite rim was derived from the K-feldspar composition adjustment in the late or post-magmatism stage. As the temperature decreased, the equilibrium between K-feldspar and plagioclase could be maintained, and reactions between the minerals occurred. The leucocratic veins in the complex show distinguished magma or migmatitic characteristics. The rim might form in the late magma or deuteric stage. The formation of the rim implies obvious granitic magma- or melt-injection activity. Typical metamorphic rocks cannot produce the rims. Anatexis after medium–high grade metamorphism might be subordinate. If present, the anatexis is water-present, but the rim texture cannot be taken as the symbol of anatexis. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Several examples of deformation-induced myrmekite have been found in two amphibolite facies mylonites derived from granitic protoliths, namely a muscovite-poor S-C mylonite and a single foliation, muscovite-poor mylonitic gneiss. Back-scattered SEM and conventional optical microscopy show that in both rock types, syntectonic myrmekitic intergrowths of oligoclase and quartz formed on the two sides of K-feldspar grains that faced the local inferred incremental shortening direction for the mylonite. Myrmekite does not occur on the two ends of the grain that faced the incremental stretching direction. The replacement of K-feldspar by plagioclase and quartz results in a volume decrease and is favoured on high normal stress sites around the grains. We suggest that the ambient temperature, pressure and chemical activities were such that the replacement reaction was favoured, but the addition of extra strain energy along the high-pressure sides of the grains localized the reaction at these sites. This energy could arise from elastic strain, or strain associated with tangled dislocations or twin boundaries. The relative roles of stress and strain energy concentrations in driving the replacement reaction are not known, but both were probably important. 相似文献
20.
Comparison of myrmekites in undeformed and deformed ‘porphyritic’ felsic rocks shows that they have different morphologies and spatial distributions within their megacrysts. In particular, plagioclase inclusions in the undeformed megacrysts carry myrmekite rims which may be explained by solid-state exsolution, as may the quartz blebs in associated perthitic plagioclase. Myrmekite at the rims of the megacrysts may be due to an interaction between exsolution and metasomatic processes. Stress concentrated at the margins of pre-existing megacrysts in the deformed rocks and the occurrence here of random non-coherent plagioclase nuclei will explain the preponderance of myrmekite at this location. 相似文献