共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
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随着我国经济社会的发展,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,解决水危机迫在眉睫,水资源的可再生利用是解决水危机的一种有效途径.水资源的可再生性和可再生利用途径的研究不仅涉及到社会、经济、生态环境等诸多方面的问题,而且涉及到水资源演化规律与可再生维持机理等许多方面的基础性技术问题.从水资源可再生概念出发、对水资源可再生循环利用特点进行分析,提出了水资源可再生利用技术途径和研究方向. 相似文献
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中国西部流域水循环研究进展与展望 总被引：35，自引：5，他引：35
由于中国西部水文循环的地区特性、生态系统的脆弱性和社会经济发展对水资源需求的增加,使得中国西部开发面临十分现实和严峻的水资源问题。从中国西部流域水循环的特点及存在的问题出发,探讨了中国西部流域水循环研究基础科学问题。同时,对21世纪中国西部流域水循环科学问题的研究进行了展望。核心的方面是：自然变化和人类活动影响的西北干旱地区水资源演变规律是什么？在西部生态环境建设中如何估算生态需水量？西北干旱地区的水资源究竟能够承载多大规模的社会经济发展需求？如何合理分配与调控水资源,最大限度地发挥其潜力,促进该地区社会经济的可持续发展？ 相似文献
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随着经济的发展和城镇化的加快,各行业对水资源的需求急剧增大,水资源短缺明显加剧了地下水超采、地面沉降等问题,加之严峻的水污染形势,使得水质型缺水更加突出.研究高效循环经济型水资源利用模式对水资源保护及高效利用具有现实意义.本文以高效循环利用为基本原则切入点,对循环经济型水资源的内涵、构建模式进行分析研究,结果认为:考虑... 相似文献
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黑河流域可持续发展的生态经济学研究 总被引：34，自引：16，他引：34
黑河流域生态环境脆弱,经济发展相对落后,水资源短缺已成为制约流域可持续发展的主要限制因素,从生态经济系统的角度研究黑河流域的诸多生态经济问题具有很强的现实和理论意义. 黑河流域的水资源不仅是流域社会经济环境可持续发展最主要的限制因子,而且是联系流域生态系统和经济系统的纽带. 在系统总结国际上关于流域尺度生态经济研究状况、进展和黑河流域相关研究的基础上,提出了以水资源可持续利用研究为纽带的黑河流域生态经济综合研究框架,具体研究内容主要包括: 1)生态过程模拟模型的研究; 2)宏观经济水资源模拟模型的研究; 3)环境变化条件下流域水资源可持续利用研究; 4)水资源可持续利用管理研究; 5)决策支持系统的研制. 最后, 根据现有的基础和条件,指出了在黑河流域生态经济综合研究中需要解决的关键问题. 相似文献
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根据石家庄市第二次水资源评价和历年石家庄市水资源公报的成果,分析研究了石家庄市水资源质和量的情势演变规律、趋势及其影响因素,为采取切实措施推进水资源的可持续利用,实现全市社会经济可持续发展提供水资源保障。 相似文献
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我国水资源开发利用业绩与前景 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
新中国成立以来,我国水利事业得到迅速发展,有效地促进了社会的进步与经济的繁荣。我国是世界上人均水资源贫乏的国家之一,如何实现水资源与社会,经济、环境的协调发展,实现水资源的可持续开发利用,仍将是我国可持续发展的关键问题之一。回顾了新中国成立以来水资源开发利用发展的阶段与过程,简要介绍了在水资源开发利用与保护方面的主要成就,较为系统地回顾和总结了我国水资源管理方面的主要工作,并对２１世纪我国水资源可 相似文献
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用人工降雨揭示降雨产流特征和降雨入渗规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过模拟降雨试验,研究了不同雨强、不同土壤剖面含水状态下降雨产流特征和降雨入渗过程,为进一步研究降雨-径流规律和平原区的水分循环规律奠定基础,为水资源的优化配置提供科学依据. 相似文献
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从实测数据中分析滑坡灾害的成因机理,对于准确识别潜在危险区与及时制定防治措施十分重要。由于现场监测数据的数量庞大、来源多样,常规的数据处理方法难以从海量监测数据中提取出有用的信息,进而对滑坡变形演化趋势作出正确评价和预测。本文基于经典数据挖掘方法中的两步聚类法与关联规则分析,提出了滑坡变形行为的关联分析挖掘技术,并以长江三峡库区新铺滑坡为例,对库水位波动及降雨影响下的特大滑坡位移速率进行了关联分析。结果表明:该滑坡的变形受库水位高程水平、库水位波动速率与降雨强度等因素的多重影响,水位下降、强降雨与滑坡变形密切相关;滑坡不同空间位置处的变形影响因素存在差异,由坡脚至坡顶,库水位波动的影响水平依次降低,降雨强度的影响水平逐渐增强。本文提出的数据挖掘方法可定量分析滑坡变形的控制因素,并通过与实测数据的对比验证了相关规则的可靠性,这对于海量监测数据条件下滑坡灾害的成因分析有重要意义。 相似文献
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针对阶跃型滑坡阶跃点识别和预测难的问题,提出了一种基于聚类分析和集成学习的阶跃型滑坡阶跃点识别和判别模型。以三峡库区八字门滑坡ZG110钻孔2010年4月至2016年12月80个滑坡位移、库水位和降雨数据为例,通过聚类分析方法识别滑坡累积位移-时间曲线中的阶跃点和平稳点,并利用K均值聚类分析检验分类结果的准确性。基于灰色关联确定了滑坡位移的最佳诱发因素,结合随机森林模型建立阶跃型滑坡阶跃点判别模型并利用八字门滑坡ZG111钻孔验证该模型的准确性。模型阶跃点和平稳点的识别准确率均达90%以上,表明该方法在阶跃型滑坡识别中具有较好的适用性,可为阶跃型滑坡的预测提供参考。 相似文献
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武山铜矿西风井机房基础发生裂缝和沉降的机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对武山铜矿西风井机房基础发生裂缝和沉降的原因从几何、地质、力学等方面进行分析研究，指出该裂缝和沉降是由于采空区引起的地应力释放、岩层的急倾性、软弱夹层的韵律性分布、构造裂隙的发育与密集、风机运转产生的循环载荷、暴雨期间渍水的灌入与下渗等多种因素综合作用的结果。本文还为采空区的下盘稳定性分析提出了一个简单方便的计算模型。 相似文献
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Federico Caprotti 《GeoJournal》2017,82(5):937-955
This article examines the establishment and development of a protected ‘green’ niche around the solar manufacturing industry in the United States in the 2000s. The paper uses the case of Solyndra, an innovative solar manufacturing corporation founded in 2005 and that went bankrupt in 2011, as a window into identifying the key factors that led to the failure of Solyndra. Solyndra was, at the time, the largest recipient of loan funding from the US Department of Energy, making it into the main representative of a key strategic industry identified as a target for federal support as part of US stimulus funding after the 2008 financial crisis. The analysis of the Solyndra failure case presented here highlights the need for strategic transitional niches to be shielded longitudinally by a strategic, entrepreneurial state, and considered in light of transnational exogenous factors. The article also argues for the importance of analysing discursive strategies that perform strategic niches as belonging to specific societal pathways. 相似文献
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本文从构造分析的角度出发，指出安徽巢湖煤田的基本构造型式为大型的平卧褶皱，以及在此基础上，沿倒转翼及其以下构造部位发育起来的推覆构造。 相似文献
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The Urban Seismic Risk index (USRi) published in a previous article (Carreño et al., Nat Hazards 40:137–172, 2007) is a composite indicator that measures risk from an integrated perspective and guides decision-making for identifying the main interdisciplinary factors of vulnerability to be reduced or intervened. The first step of the method is the evaluation of the potential physical damage (hard approach) as a result of the convolution of the seismic hazard with the physical vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure. Subsequently, a set of social context conditions that aggravate the physical effects is also considered (soft approach). According to this procedure, the physical risk index is evaluated for each unit of analysis from existing loss scenarios, whereas the total risk index is obtained by multiplying the former index by an impact factor using an aggravating coefficient, based on variables associated with the socio-economic conditions of each unit of analysis. The USRi has been developed using the underlying holistic and multi-hazard approach of the Urban Risk Index framework proposed for the evaluation of disaster risk in different megacities worldwide. This article presents the sensitivity analysis of the index to different parameters such as input data, weights and transformation functions used for the scaling or normalization of variables. This analysis has been performed using the Monte Carlo simulation to validate the robustness of this composite indicator, understanding as robustness how the cities maintain the ranking as well as predefined risk level ranges, when compared with the deterministic results of risk. Results are shown for different cities of the world. 相似文献
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在完善与整合现有河流生态系统结构功能概念及模型的基础上,提出河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型。水文情势、水力条件和地貌景观格局是对河流生态系统结构与功能具有关键影响的3大生境要素,结构功能模型的核心是建立以3大生境要素为构架的生命支持系统与河流生命系统之间的相互作用和相互制约关系,同时考虑由于人类活动引起生境要素变化对于河流生态系统的影响。河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型由以下4种模型组成:河流四维连续体模型、水文情势-河流生态过程耦合模型、水力条件-生物生活史特征适宜模型以及地貌景观空间异质性-生物群落多样性关联模型,这4种模型的一体化整合,基本概括了河流生态系统结构功能的整体特征。 相似文献
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Helen Miller Carol J. Cotterill Tom Bradwell 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
High resolution airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and multibeam bathymetry data, supplemented by geomorphological and geological field mapping are used to derive the glacial and post-glacial history of Troutbeck Valley (English Lake District) at a catchment scale. The results inform wider regional and ice sheet wide glacial reconstructions and demonstrate the effectiveness of an integrated approach combining geomorphological and sedimentological signatures with remote sensing. The holistic catchment approach is used to reconstruct palaeo-ice flow and behaviour of a small part of the last British and Irish Ice Sheet, identifying a series of depositional environments that accompanied both ice advance, ice retreat and post-glacial deposition within the Lake District. Drumlins are mapped in the lower catchment and show multiple regional (wider-extent) ice flow events and a sedimentology consistent with deposition by lodgement processes during the Main Late Devensian Stadial. Other subglacial deposits include till sequences formed under variable basal conditions beneath an advancing ice mass. Retreat features include a suite of recessional moraines formed by still-stands or small readvances of an outlet glacier. Following deglaciation, major sediment redistribution led to formation of a large fan delta via paraglacial and post-glacial fluvial sedimentation. This study indicates that an integrated approach, using geomorphology, sedimentology and remote sensing on a catchment scale, is capable of deriving a more in-depth understanding of regional ice sheet reconstructions and highlights the complexity of palaeo-ice sheet dynamics at a range of spatial scales. 相似文献
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On 15 February 2010, a landslide of great dimensions occurred at Maierato (Calabria, Southern Italy) after a long rainy period. Although the zone was continuously affected by ground movements especially during the wet seasons, no monitoring system was installed before the occurrence of the landslide. However, many photos and two videos were taken during the failure process of the slope. In the present study, the available images are used to reconstruct the kinematics of the landslide. In addition, a finite element analysis is performed to define the main factors of triggering and to interpret the failure mechanism of the slope. This analysis is also based on the data from a site investigation carried out after the landslide to characterise the involved soils from a geotechnical viewpoint. The analysis also accounts for the strain-softening behaviour of some soils. The results have shown that the Maierato landslide was the reactivation of a pre-existing landslide body, which was caused by a significant increase in groundwater level. 相似文献
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Margarita Bowen 《Geoforum》1985,16(2):213-225
In the context of global crisis the Bacon-Descartes model of exact science, with its mechanistic world view and its doctrine of progress in man's mastery of nature, is being replaced by a more coherent philosophy of science based on ecosystem concepts. The late twentieth century, it seems, marks the end of centuries of positivism and the beginning of an age of ecoscience. This paper looks at the origins of the discredited positivist claims for an objective scientific method and proposes the ecology of knowledge as a more appropriate theory, both for the sciences and for ordinary knowledge. From this viewpoint claims for a fundamental division between the natural and social sciences on the basis of method and subject matter can no longer be sustained. Moreover, as the feminist and deep ecology movements join in condemning the tradition of patriarchal, exploitative science, a new conceptual framework is emerging in which science is being directed towards more holistic views and more democratic processes, guided by a more socially and environmentally responsible ethic. 相似文献