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对采自我国南方燕山期五里亭花岗岩体中的褐帘石,经偏光显徽镜、电子探针仪、差热仪、X射线等方法进行分析得出,该矿物为变生褐帘石。加热800℃,850℃,950℃,970℃,1100℃退火系列样品的X射线粉晶数据分析得出:1.变生褐帘石X射线粉晶分析的最宜加热温度为800-850℃;2.加热至970℃的退火样品,褐帘石已分解为方铈石、赤铁矿、钙长石,加热到1100℃,褐帘石已渐消失,方铈石、钙长石和赤铁矿成为主要矿物相。 相似文献
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长白山硅藻土热处理相变及方英石形成机制探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在常温到1250℃温度范围对吉林长白山硅藻土和非晶态SiO2进行热处理，并对热处理后的样品进行红外光谱和X射线衍射测试，结果表明长自山硅藻土在1100℃开始转变成方英石，非晶态SiO2在1200℃开始形成方英石，它们的转变温度均处于鳞石英的热力学稳定区。方英石这种热力学亚稳态形成机制与硅藻土和非晶态SiO2的中程有序结构与方英石结构类似有关，这种结构相似性有利于降低了方英石成核所需的活化能从而有利于方英石成核作用的发生，因而在硅藻土(非晶态SiO2)→方英石→鳞石英的系列转变反应中，硅藻土→方英石的反应占主导，而在相应的温度条件下，方英石→鳞石英的相变几乎是被禁止的。长白山硅藻土与非晶态SiO2转变成方英石存在大约100℃的温度差异，主要与硅藻土独特的结构缺陷及Na、Al等杂质元素存在有关。高温下Si-OH基团的脱水反应使硅藻土结构中以OH^-形式存在的非桥氧变成桥氧，原来的结构缺陷消失，有利于降低方英石的形成温度；而Na、K、Ca、Fe等杂质元素与SiO2形成多组份体系，导致SiO2结晶温度降低，它们强的扩散特性，还有利于提高孤立Si-OH基团的脱失速率和缺陷迁移速率，并增加方英石的稳定性。 相似文献
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用红外吸收光谱法研究海泡石的热相变 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用红外吸收光谱分析方法，对湖北广济海泡石的热相变过程进行了研究。研究 ３００℃以下，海泡石的结构保持稳定：３００－８００℃，海泡的结构发生畸变，形成海泡石酐相；８００℃以上，海泡石的结构被破坏，形成新的矿物相斜顽辉石和方英石。 相似文献
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Ag_2S有低温单斜变体a-Ag_2S和高温等轴变体β-Ag_2S,前者称螺状硫银矿(Acanthite),后者称辉银矿(Argentite)。在前人工作的基础上对20多个样品包括人工合成Ag_2S和国内不同产状Ag_2S详细观察、分析测试和反复实验后,认为:①至今可能还未发现天然等轴变体的辉银矿Ag_2S,亦无X射线粉晶数据报道。②Ag_2S从低温单斜到高温等轴变体的相变温度不可能是173,179或180℃,而是在550～680℃之间。 相似文献
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攀钢水淬含钛高炉渣热处理过程相变特征探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
攀钢含钛高炉渣中TiO2的质量分数高达20%~29%,为钛的二次利用提供了坚实的物质基础。实验在攀钢水淬含钛高炉渣和空冷含钛高炉渣的化学组成、相组成特征分析的基础上,以水淬含钛高炉渣为原料,分别采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和光电子能谱等对经过400℃,600℃,800℃,1 000℃和1 200℃热处理4 h后的样品组成、显微结构随热处理温度的变化及热处理过程中的相变等进行对比研究,结果表明:水淬渣与空冷渣在化学成分上基本相同,只是矿物组合有较大差异,而水淬渣在1 200℃热处理并保证4h后其矿物组合与空冷渣基本一致。随着热处理温度的升高,水淬渣样品的XRD谱图依次出现钙钛矿、尖晶石、富钛透辉石和攀钛透辉石等衍射峰,说明水淬渣中的钛部分以结晶态形式赋存于金属钛矿中,其他较大部分则赋存于非晶态的玻璃质中,使钛的化学活性远大于空冷渣。 相似文献
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安徽嘉山坡缕石加热相变的研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
研究样品产于安徽嘉山县的第三系沉积型粘土矿层。样品经分离提纯后分别加热,对不同温度的样品进行X射线衍射和红外光谱分析,结合坡缕石的热分析资料的综合研究,证明坡缕石的热相变过程为:200℃前脱失沸石水,对晶体结构没有影响;200—400℃配位水渐次脱失,晶体发生“折叠作用”,为无水坡缕石阶段;400-500℃时大部分羟基脱失,坡缕石结构随羟基脱失逐渐瓦解;700—800℃出现短暂的玻璃相,接着在800—900℃先后重结晶为顽火辉石和方英石。在高温结晶相中未发现硅线石。 相似文献
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关于褐钇铌矿族的研究,国内外积累了不少资料。其主要产在黑云母花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩、微斜长石岩、交代变质岩、蚀变花岗岩、白岗岩及花岗岩的残坡积和冲积砂中。1979年我们在进行内蒙白云鄂博铌、稀土、铁矿床物质成分的研究时,在白云石型铌、稀土矿石中发现含铈褐钇铌矿,与该区原已发现的褐铈铌矿等矿物组成了褐钇铌矿-褐铈铌矿系列。 相似文献
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硬石膏的高温相变和结构研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文研究了煅烧硬石膏的结构及硬石膏的高温相变。发现不同温度煅烧的硬石膏晶体结构及显微形态是相同的,仅存在不同程度的晶格畸变和晶粒尺寸的差异。硬石膏的高温相变是可逆相变,二者的转变温度略有差异。 相似文献
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Density-functional simulations are used to calculate structural properties and high-symmetry phonons of the hypothetical cubic phase, the stable orthorhombic phase and an intermediate tetragonal phase of magnesium silicate perovskite. We show that the structure of the stable phase is well described by freezing a small number of phonons into the cubic phase. We use the frequencies of these modes to estimate transition temperatures for cubic → tetragonal and tetragonal → orthorhombic phase transitions. Unstable modes are investigated further to find that the coupling with the strain suggests that phonons give a better representation than rigid unit modes. The phonons of an intermediate tetragonal phase were found to be stable except for two rotational modes. The eigenvectors of the most unstable mode of each of the cubic and tetragonal phases account for all the positional parameters of the orthorhombic phase. The phase boundary for the orthorhombic-tetragonal transition intersects possible mantle geotherms, suggesting that the tetragonal phase may be present in the lower mantle. 相似文献
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陕西丹凤富铷伟晶岩中褐钇铌矿矿物学及地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东秦岭的商南—丹凤地区分布着众多含稀有金属矿化的花岗伟晶岩,在该地区的富铷花岗伟晶岩中首次鉴定出褐钇铌矿,其主要产出于富石榴子石的微斜长石花岗伟晶岩中,多与石榴子石、锆石、磷钇矿、铌钽铁矿等副矿物伴生,为花岗质岩浆晚期结晶产物。电子探针分析表明,褐钇铌矿除了含有Y、Nb、REE、Ta、Ti等主要元素,还含有较高含量的放射性元素UO2(>5%)和ThO2(>1%);Pb、Ca和Si等元素含量低于1%,属于微量元素。所分析的褐钇铌矿属于褐钇铌矿—黄钇钽矿系列,其Nb/(Nb+Ta)值接近1;重稀土富集程度很高,属于ΣY的选择配分型矿物。由于褐钇铌矿中含有高含量的U、Th放射性元素,其可能会发生蜕晶质化,本文利用激光拉曼对褐钇铌矿的晶体结构进行分析,以探讨褐钇铌矿中高含量放射性元素对其晶体结构产生的影响。 相似文献
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稀有矿物天津蓟县锰方硼石振动光谱特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
锰方硼石是一种罕见的锰氯硼酸盐矿物(Mn_3B_7O_(13)Cl),天津蓟县锰方硼石矿床是世界上唯一一个锰方硼石矿床,该地锰方硼石矿物粒度细小(50~300 nm),与美国锰方硼石存在明显差别。目前涉及我国锰方硼石的研究较少,为了探究稀有矿物蓟县锰方硼石矿物学和材料学特征,本文对其进行振动光谱和高温拉曼光谱研究。常温振动光谱结果表明,蓟县锰方硼石与美国锰方硼石各主要谱带归属一致,但峰位整体上表现为向高频方向偏移且谱峰宽、强度小。高温拉曼光谱显示,随着温度升高,谱带向低频方向偏移,位移距离随温度升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且在680~687K处位移距离出现转折。蓟县锰方硼石粒度细小是造成上述谱峰变化的主要原因。本文运用高温拉曼技术对粒度极为细小的锰方硼石进行测试分析,研究其谱峰变化与相变的关系,实验证明高温拉曼光谱可以作为研究矿物相变的一种有效手段。 相似文献
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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the influence of the Al-O-Al linkage on the P&1macr;-I&1macr; phase transition of
pure anorthite (An) were carried out using two different types of structures with fully ordered (FO) and partially disordered
(PD) arrangements of Al/Si in tetrahedral sites. Discontinuous changes in unit cell volumes and structure factors at the transition
temperature were observed in FO-An but not in PD-An. These results show that the orders of the transitions of FO-An and PD-An
are first and non-first, respectively. In both structures, the motions of the Ca atoms and the framework are strongly correlated
with each other during the transition and Ca atoms dominate the system. Since high-temperature X-ray studies have shown that
the transition of natural anorthite is non-first order, it is suggested that the natural anorthite has a partially disordered
arrangement of Al and Si atoms.
Received: 22 October 1998 / Revised, accepted: 12 March 1999 相似文献
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N. Tomašić A. Gajović V. Bermanec D. S. Su M. Rajić Linarić T. Ntaflos R. Schlögl 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(2):145-159
The metamict state and recrystallization of fergusonite in metamict natural samples were studied by thermal methods (TGA-DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and electron microprobe (EPMA). Two metamict mineral samples of fergusonite were investigated in order to identify the original premetamict crystal structure and to identify recrystallization mechanisms. The TEM data and RS provided evidence on the partial preservation of the original structure in the investigated minerals, which are X-ray amorphous. It was shown that fergusonite could recrystallize from a metamict mineral with original fergusonite structure or from metamictized pyrochlore, which was altered before or after metamictization. Two recrystallization mechanisms were recognized: (a) epitaxial growth occurring at the boundary between preserved premetamict structure fragments and completely metamictized areas, and (b) nucleation-crystal growth mechanism occurring in completely amorphous areas of the minerals, and resulting in recrystallization of the original mineral as well as in the crystallization of a new mineral with a modified chemical composition as compared to the initial matrix. 相似文献
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Drop-calorimetry measurements performed on CaTiO3 perovskite between 400 and 1800 K have shown the occurrence of two overlapping phase transitions at 1384 and 1520 K. The 1384 K transition shows a λ-type C p variation with a very sharp C p decrease after the transition; in contrast, the 1520 K transition exhibits a unusual λ shape with a long high-temperature tail spanning more than 400 K. By comparison with previous structural studies, we suggest that the 1384 K transition may be due to an orthorhombic Pbnm to orthorhombic Cmcm transition and that the peak centered at 1520 K represents the effects of overlapping orthorhombic to tetragonal and tetragonal to cubic phase transitions. The large anomaly of specific heat above 1520 K suggests that the cubic phase produced may be strongly disordered up to the melting point. 相似文献
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The composition of accessory REE minerals (allanite, chevkinite, fergusonite, and REE carbonates) in alkaline metasomatic rocks of the Main Sayan Fault (quartz-albite-microcline-riebeckite-aegirine, quartzalbite-microcline-magnetite, and clinopyroxene-albite) was studied using back-scattered scanning electron microscopy. Chevkinite occurs only in quartz-albite-microline metasomatic rock. The paragenesis of allanite and titanite is stable in clinopyroxene-albite metasomatic rocks. Allanite and fergusonite are typical of all zones of the metasomatic column. Chevkinite and allanite are often altered due to interaction with hydrothermal fluid and lose some amount of LREE. Secondary bastnaesite, synchysite, and ancylite are formed after allanite, while secondary monazite is developed after chevkinite. Presumably, the low-temperature alteration of allanite and chevkinite under effect of F?, CO 3 2? , and P 4 3? -bearing fluids had not any significant manifestation in the total REE content in metasomatic rocks. 相似文献
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我国稀土铌钽矿物学研究回顾与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作为高新技术原料用的稀土铌钽是国家发展的支柱之一, 稀土铌钽矿物学研究在与国家的技术进步同步前进。 通过研究,已经获得了我国产出的全部百余种稀土铌钽矿物的化学组成、物理性质、稀土配 分、结晶参数、共生组合和产状成因的全面系统的鉴定描述成果;发现了多种稀土铌钽新物,并提出许多新规律和新理论,建立了易解石和褐钇铌矿两个新的矿物族;确定了稀土铌钽铁锰钨的复杂氧化物的晶体结构关系;确立变生矿物学为矿物学研究的一个特殊分支,探讨了稀土次生富集的离子型稀土矿成矿机理。 相似文献