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1.
罗布泊“大耳朵”湖区钾元素地球化学与富集机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对罗布泊“大耳朵”干盐湖盐壳的沉积过程、钾元素空间分布特征及地下卤水化学性质进行了实地调查研究。“大耳朵”湖区地下卤水盐度为341 g/L左右,ρ(K+)变化于7.0～12.4 g/L,平均值9.61 g/L,高浓度富钾卤水通过毛细管上升和地表析盐,导致钾盐矿物在地表析出,地表盐壳的w(K+)变化于0～4.7 g/kg,平均含量2.05 g/kg,钾盐矿物主要包括光卤石、杂卤石和软钾镁钒。研究表明盐壳盐类矿物在干盐湖地表的聚集及地球化学分布特征与地下卤水的化学性质有着密切关系,盐壳沉积后期风蚀、雨淋、季节性的地表径流都会影响和重塑盐壳地球化学组成特征,钾盐矿物可作为盐壳增长发育的指示矿物。 相似文献
2.
罗布泊干盐湖钙芒硝形貌特征及生长影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钙芒硝是罗布泊干盐湖沉积的主要盐类矿物,是该区富钾卤水的储存载体并可能对富钾卤水的形成与演化过程起到重要作用。罗布泊干盐湖钙芒硝大量堆积,呈"杂乱状"产生蜂窝状孔隙,构成了主要储卤空间。根据野外观察和室内分析,对罗布泊干盐湖钙芒硝相的特征形态进行研究,厘定出钙芒硝单晶体主要有菱形Ⅰ、菱形Ⅱ及长板状3种特征形态。罗北西部的钙芒硝晶体主要为洁净程度不高、颗粒粗大的菱形Ⅰ、Ⅱ,次为中晶长板状,其处于湖盆边界相对动荡的浅水环境下及受到强烈蒸发作用而快速结晶析出。罗北凹地内的钙芒硝晶体为洁净程度较高的中细晶长板状晶体,其沉积环境则被解释为位于湖盆中部的静水深水条件下缓慢结晶形成。通过对钙芒硝晶体形貌与沉积环境的条件研究认为,不同晶体形态及形态组合的钙芒硝是湖盆不同位置的湖水在干热气候条件下蒸发沉积的产物。 相似文献
3.
罗布泊干盐湖作为塔里木盆地唯一的尾闾湖,经历了淡水湖—微咸水湖—咸水湖—盐湖—干盐湖的演化历程,是亚洲内陆环境演化及全球气候变化研究的天然实验室。简要概述罗布泊第四纪沉积特征及环境变化过程,并对未来研究提出展望。罗布泊早更新世主要为河流三角洲—滨浅湖—湖泊等沉积环境,是罗布泊盆地第四纪时期最为湿润的时期。自早更新世末期进入以含石膏粉砂黏土为主的咸水湖沉积阶段,中更新世中期罗北凹地进入巨量钙芒硝沉积阶段,干旱程度加剧,指示常年性盐湖亚环境。罗布泊全新统底部发育含石膏黏土、砂岩,表层广泛发育石盐壳,指示全新世伊始,罗布泊气候经历了一个相对湿润期,其北部逆向演化至咸水湖阶段,波动至半干旱气候,而后又向极端干旱气候转变,最终演化为干盐湖环境。展望未来,罗布泊古环境研究主要有以下几方面的内容需要进一步深入：(1)Ca-Cl型卤水对盐湖沉积亚环境综合判别的影响研究;(2)高精度地层时代框架;(3)可替代性环境演化载体;(4)定量化环境演变研究。 相似文献
4.
罗布泊干盐湖作为塔里木盆地唯一的尾闾湖,经历了淡水湖—微咸水湖—咸水湖—盐湖—干盐湖的演化历程,是亚洲内陆环境演化及全球气候变化研究的天然实验室。简要概述罗布泊第四纪沉积特征及环境变化过程,并对未来研究提出展望。罗布泊早更新世主要为河流三角洲—滨浅湖—湖泊等沉积环境,是罗布泊盆地第四纪时期最为湿润的时期。自早更新世末期进入以含石膏粉砂黏土为主的咸水湖沉积阶段,中更新世中期罗北凹地进入巨量钙芒硝沉积阶段,干旱程度加剧,指示常年性盐湖亚环境。罗布泊全新统底部发育含石膏黏土、砂岩,表层广泛发育石盐壳,指示全新世伊始,罗布泊气候经历了一个相对湿润期,其北部逆向演化至咸水湖阶段,波动至半干旱气候,而后又向极端干旱气候转变,最终演化为干盐湖环境。展望未来,罗布泊古环境研究主要有以下几方面的内容需要进一步深入：(1)Ca-Cl型卤水对盐湖沉积亚环境综合判别的影响研究;(2)高精度地层时代框架;(3)可替代性环境演化载体;(4)定量化环境演变研究。 相似文献
5.
陕北奥陶系钾盐层位的发现与研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
陕北奥陶系是一个大型海相蒸发岩盆地,笔者在盆地东侧下奥陶统马家沟组,发现了钾石盐,光卤石等钾盐矿物,这是世界上首次在奥陶系发现钾盐,笔者较详细地研究了地质条件,含盐岩系剖面特下,物质成分和地球化学等,探讨了蒸发岩沉积的古地理环境和成盐模式据蒸发岩组成特征,结构构造,赋存状态,组合关系,地球化学诸方面的综合研究,认为陕北盆地钾盐沉积形成于残留卤水湖和干盐湖阶段。 相似文献
6.
罗布泊盐湖化学沉积序列及其控制因素 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
罗布泊位于塔里木盆地的东部,是世界最大的第四纪干盐湖之一。罗布泊盐湖化学沉积序列总体简单,即为石膏—钙芒硝（巨厚）—石盐（很薄）,但细节变化则很复杂,在钙芒硝阶段和石盐阶段出现了很多含钾盐矿物的薄层,按时代从老到新,可划分出9个区段。罗布泊化学沉积序列除了与江汉盆地第三纪古盐湖有一定的相似性之外,与其他陆相、非海相和海相蒸发沉积序列有明显的差异,这可能与该地区的气候变化、物源背景及构造环境等有关。这种特殊的化学沉积序列应该是全球气候变化与大地构造运动在盐湖沉积中的响应,气候持续干化与补给变化的耦合,是造成罗布泊盐湖特殊的化学沉积序列的机制。 相似文献
7.
根据罗布泊遥感影像图,在干盐湖区域选择"黑纹"和"白纹"观测区为典型研究对象,对其表层盐壳含水率、地下水位埋深、气象参量的动态变化进行了1年多的系统观测,结果发现两个观测区的表层盐壳的季节含水率存在一定的差异,其吸附水含水率均大于结晶水含水率,两观测区的吸附水含水率差异在1%左右,但黑纹观测区盐壳结晶水含水率是白纹观测区的3倍以上;黑纹观测区的地下水水位埋深相对稳定,表层盐壳的吸附水变化与地下水水位变化无明显的直接关系。另在高湿度、不同温度的野外环境和室内模拟环境下开展的盐壳吸水能力实验都发现,黑纹观测区盐壳的吸水能力明显强于白纹观测区,甚至达到10倍以上的差异,分析表明这和表层盐壳盐类矿物成分(如硫酸镁)的差异性密切相关。 相似文献
8.
9.
罗布泊盐湖富钾卤水成因再探讨——碎屑层卤水蒸发实验分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗布泊盐湖钙芒硝岩孔隙中蕴藏有超大型规模的卤水钾矿,富钾卤水成因一直备受关注。罗北凹地从统一的罗布泊大湖区中分隔出来后,成盐过程中其湖水仍以南部大湖的补给为主,罗北凹地卤水化学演化与"大耳朵"湖水密切相关。"大耳朵"湖区含石膏碎屑层普遍储藏有卤水,应该是罗北凹地盐湖的"源卤水",钾离子(ρ(K~+)为3.12 g/L左右)已初步富集,平均矿化度为198.83 g/L。为了查明该卤水的化学演化趋势及析盐序列,笔者于2009年、2010年两次采集了大量卤水样品,分别进行室内等温蒸发和自然蒸发实验。蒸发实验结果表明:随着卤水浓缩首先析出(硬)石膏,随后析出大量石盐,最后出现少量钾石盐和光卤石,与EQL/EVP卤水蒸发模型模拟结果相似。将碎屑层卤水蒸发过程中化学组成变化与罗北凹地卤水进行对比,结果显示罗布泊古湖水蒸发至石膏沉积之后,在罗北凹地水化学组成明显发生变化,没有大量石盐沉积,而以钙芒硝沉积为主。推测应是受到深部"富钙水"的持续补给,而"大耳朵"湖起到"预备盆地"的作用,罗布泊古湖水经"大耳朵"湖蒸发浓缩后,钾离子得到初步富集,在流入罗北凹地后与深部"富钙"水混合,强烈蒸发浓缩,大量钙芒硝矿物析出,最后形成富钾卤水。 相似文献
10.
根据遥感影像信息特征和盐湖气候变化模型，结合盐湖沉积特征和现代盐湖演化理论，通过对环状影像的成因进行解译和分析，将环状影像反映的1000年来盐湖气候变化的信息与北半球同期气候变化曲线对比，认为罗布泊盐湖是现代沉积形成的，是现代盐湖向干盐湖的演化历程中，由于气候冷暖交替变化而使盐湖沉积发生规律性变化的结果。 相似文献
11.
Quaternary Climate and Environment in the Lop Nur, Xinjiang 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
WANG Mill PU Qingyu Geological Society of Chin Baiwanzhuang Rd. Beijing LIU Chenglin CHEN YongzhiInstitute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Rd. Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):273-278
Since the middle Early Pleistocene (1.20 Ma B.P.), the desert steppe climate and environment have predominated in the Lop Nur area, Xinjiang, characterized by warm humid epochs interrupted by dry cold intervals. The grain-size and magnetic susceptibility curves record 30 climatic oscillations, each with a ca. 40 ka cycle, in the area since 1.2 Ma B.P., which reflects the controlling effects exerted by the astronomic factor on the environment. The Quaternary sedimentary environment in the Lop Nur gradually changed from a fresh lake through a brackish lake to a saline lake, showing a spiral evolution, and finally it evolved into a playa. 相似文献
12.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
The Lop Nur playa is located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. From the late Middle Pleistocene to the Late Pleistocene, the Lop Nur gradually evolved into a salt lake. Huge amounts of glauberite minerals were deposited, accompanied by large-scale potash-bearing brines gathered. The unique sedimentary characteristics of the lake have not yet been identified. 相似文献
13.
A thick sedimentary sequence comprising fluvial, lacustrine and volcano-sedimentary rocks is present in the Neogene Beypazari Basin, central Anatolia. These units display considerable lateral facies variation and interfinger with alkaline volcanic rocks along the north-eastern margin of the basin. The uppermost Miocene Kirmir Formation contains numerous evaporite horizons. The evaporite sequence is up to 250 m thick and may be divided into four lithofacies. In ascending stratigraphical order these are: (1) gypsiferous claystone facies, (2) thenardite-glauberite facies, (3) laminar gypsum facies and (4) crystalline gypsum facies. These facies interfinger with one another laterally along a section from the margins to central parts of the basin. The lithological and sedimentological features of the Kirmir Formation indicate fluvial, saline playa mudflat, hypersaline ephemeral playa lake and very shallow subaqueous playa lake depositional environments, which probably were influenced by alternating semi-arid and evaporative conditions. 相似文献
14.
罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模卤水钾盐矿床,卤水钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也蕴藏有一定规模的固体钾盐资源。地球物理(EH-4)测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m。在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30~50 km,向下延长深度可达1000 m,说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的固体钾盐矿,成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾资源扩大找矿的新空间。 相似文献
15.
Holocene Yellow Silt Layers and the Paleoclimate Event of 8200 a B.P. in Lop Nur, Xinjiang, NW China
LIU Chenglin WANG Mili JIAO Pengcheng LI Shude CHEN YongzhiCollege of Environmental Sciences Peking University Yiheyuan Ro Haidian District Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(4):514-518
Many yellow silt layers have been identified in the Holocene sediments in the last lake of Lop Nur (playa), Xinjiang, northwestern China. Statistics of drill-hole cores have revealed more than one hundred layers, which exhibit regularity in time sequence. Study has further verified that these yellow silt layers were deposited through eolian processes. The time-frequency distribution diagram shows an obvious peak occurring at about 8200 a B.P., which is consistent with the dry, windy and cold climate event occurring at 8200 a in other places around the world. Therefore, this event is regarded as a response to the global climate change. 相似文献
16.
MICHAEL M. McGLUE GEOFFREY S. ELLIS ANDREW S. COHEN PETER W. SWARZENSKI 《Sedimentology》2012,59(4):1237-1256
Expansive playa‐lake systems situated in high‐altitude piggyback basins are important and conspicuous components of both modern and ancient cordilleran orogenic systems. Extant playa lakes provide vital habitat for numerous endemic species, whereas sediments from these deposystems may record signals of climate change or develop natural resources over geological time. Laguna de los Pozuelos (North‐west Argentina) provides the opportunity for an actualistic sedimentological and geochemical assessment of a piggyback basin playa lake in an area of critical interest for understanding Quaternary palaeoclimate dynamics. Silty clays and diatom ooze are the dominant playa‐lake centre microfacies, with concentrations of total organic carbon and biogenic silica commonly exceeding 1·5 wt% in this sub‐environment. Elemental and stable isotopic analyses point to a mixed organic matter composition in the playa‐lake centre, with substantial contributions from algae and transported aquatic macrophytes. Bulk sediment and organic mass accumulation rates in the southern playa‐lake centre approach 0·22 g cm?2 year?1 and 2·89 mg cm?2 year?1, respectively, indicating moderately rapid deposition with negligible deflation over historic time. Playa margin facies contain higher percentages of fragmented biogenic carbonate (ostracods and charophytes) and inorganically precipitated aragonite crusts due to seasonal pumping and evaporation of ground water. Organic matter accumulation is limited along these heavily bioturbated wet and dry mud flats. Fluvial–lacustrine transitional environments, which are key waterbird habitats, are either silty terminal splay (northern axis) or sandy deltas (southern axis) containing highly oxidized and partially allochthonous organic matter. Modern analogue data from Laguna de los Pozuelos provide key insights for: (i) environmental reconstructions of ancient lake sequences; and (ii) improving facies models for piggyback basins. 相似文献
17.
Marine-like potash evaporite formation on a continental playa: case study from Chott el Djerid, southern Tunisia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Robert G. Bryant Bruce W. Sellwood Andrew C. Millington Nick A. Drake 《Sedimentary Geology》1994,90(3-4):269-291
An exceptional flood in January 1990 led to the formation of a large ephemeral lake on the Chott el Djerid, a salt playa in southern Tunisia. Repeated observations made during 1990 show that the ephemeral lake underwent four evolutionary stages: (1) initial flooding, (2) evaporative concentration of lake waters, (3) the movement of concentrated brine pools over the playa surface as a result of wind action, and (4) total desiccation of the lake by September 1990. During all four stages the brine chemistry of the lake was monitored. Water inflow into the Chott el Djerid basin was found to have a consistent Ca-SO4-Cl-rich and HCO3-CO3-poor chemistry, reflecting the recycling of homogeneous assemblages of Cretaceous, Mio—Pliocene and Quaternary evaporites within the catchment. As the ephemeral lake shrank, these waters produced an Na-Mg-K-Cl-SO4 brine which was similar to modern sea water. Mineral saturation data show that, during the desiccation of the lake, saturation with respect to both gypsum and halite was achieved and that the most concentrated brines were ultimately saturated with respect to potash phases. After the desiccation of the lake the main mineral phases found on the Chott included gypsum and halite. In addition, ephemeral deposits of carnallite (observed as carnallitite,3KMgCl3·6H20 + NaCl) were found. This assemblage is that which would be expected to form if the waters had undergone salt norm evaporation at 1 bar pressure at 25°C (SNORM) in the evaporation model proposed by Jones and Bodine (1987). The nature of both the brine chemistry and evaporite mineralogy provides a new and rare example of marine-like potash-bearing evaporites being formed in a contemporary continental playa. 相似文献
18.
J. A. Dulhunty 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):437-442
In late Pleistocene time Lake Dieri (ancestral ‘Greater Lake Eyre') was permanently filled during a wet climatic phase. Towards the close of Pleistocene time the watertable fell, Lake Dieri dried up, and its sediments deflated. Later the watertable rose, establishing ephemeral Lake Eyre in the deflated area, and Holocene sedimentation commenced. At about this time Lake Eyre tilted to the south and three sedimentary environments developed: (1) a saline playa environment without saltcrusts in the northern end of the lake, where water drains away before wholly evaporating; (2) a terminal salina environment in the south end, where evaporation of brines leaves saltcrusts overlying gypseous sediments; and (3) a saline flocculation environment between the playa and salina environments, where sediments are deposited by flocculation when muddy floodwater from the north meets highly saline water of the southern salina. In the northern playa environment, sedimentation is limited to the top of the capillary fringe above the watertable, below which sediments remain moist and protected from aeolian erosion, but above which they dry and blow out of the lake. In the southern salina environment sedimentation has not kept pace with the Holocene rise in watertable. If and when it does reach such a level, downward leaching of salt and deflation of exposed sediments is likely to occur. In the flocculation environment new deposits of clay are added but kept permanently wet by rising groundwater. When flocculated sediment builds too high, its excess is transferrred by surface water into the salina deposits to the south. 相似文献