共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
如何铺设价廉物美的防渗层，又不需对垃圾渗滤液进行处理，达到环保效果好、成本低的目的，是填埋场防渗衬垫铺设所追求的，但由于科学理论及技术条件的限制，这个目的一直没有达到。通过添加营养菌液强化厌氧微生物对污染物的净化作用，在实验室用土柱进行模拟实验及天然的土柱淋滤净化对比实验，研究了粘性土垫层土中添加营养菌液后，厌氧微生物对垃圾污染物的净化能力的变化，得出了加入厌氧微生物菌液后，可显著地提高微生物在土中对垃圾污染物的净化能力的结论。这为开发价廉物美的垃圾场防渗衬垫打开了思路，为有污染问题的垃圾场提供了一种用微生物治理的方法。 相似文献
2.
城市垃圾卫生填埋场粘性土衬垫的截污容量及其研究意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
圾卫生填埋法的关键技术之一是防渗垫层的铺,国内外对防治在垫层的要求是“防渗”,所设计的防渗垫层所用材料种类多、价格贵、铺设复杂、成本高。若把垫层铺设的指导思想改为“截污”,可充分利用对垃圾具有净化或隔能力的场地粘笥土地和低垫层铺设民本。“截污容量”是基于这种思想提出出来的、用一博征粘性土的截污能力的物理参量,其科学和实用意义、试验测试及计算方法将在本文得到探讨。 相似文献
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有机污染物在垃圾填埋场复合衬垫中有两种不同的运移方式:土工膜上缺陷处污染物的运移和完好复合衬垫中污染物的扩散。文章分别用有限差分法和解析法对两种方式下污染物的累积量进行计算,分析了两种方式对有机污染物运移所做的贡献。研究表明:GCL(人工合成材料粘土衬垫)复合衬垫以有机污染物在完好复合衬垫中的扩散为主,可以忽略缺陷处污染物的运移;而CCL(压实黏土衬垫)复合衬垫中两种运移方式所做的贡献在同一数量级,需要考虑两种方式的共同作用。在GCL复合衬垫下铺设粘土层能有效改善GCL复合衬垫对有机污染物的阻止效果。 相似文献
5.
土工合成材料粘土衬垫(GCL)与土工膜(GM)形成的复合衬垫在垃圾填埋场中的应用日益广泛。我国规范中允许在特殊情况下用GCL代替压实粘土(CCL)做垃圾填埋场的衬垫,但是对于“特殊情况”没有明确说明。本文采用数值方法对复合衬垫中无机污染物的对流和扩散进行了计算,从衬垫底部污染物通量和累积量两个角度对GCL复合衬垫和CCL复合衬垫阻滞污染物运移的效果进行了比较,分析两种复合衬垫的等效性,并研究了GCL复合衬垫的适用范围。结果表明,当渗滤液水头较高时,GCL复合衬垫体现出其优势。 相似文献
6.
褐铁矿和白云石对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化增强作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
垃圾渗滤液治理一直是城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场的难题。能否利用矿物-微生物交互作用提高垃圾渗滤液有机污染物厌氧转化的效率是值得研究的问题。本文设置4组厌氧生物反应器(分别为只添加褐铁矿或者白云石、同时添加褐铁矿和白云石以及不添加矿物的空白组),考察添加褐铁矿、白云石对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化的影响。实验结果表明,厌氧生化反应12 d时,添加了褐铁矿和白云石的反应器中COD去除率均达到80%以上,而空白对照组COD去除率仅为50%;4组反应器中溶液pH值变化表明,矿物的存在提高了溶液的pH值0.5左右;4组反应器中氨氮含量变化不大,也没有表现出明显差异。研究认为褐铁矿或白云石矿物在垃圾渗滤液中有机物的厌氧消化过程中起到了重要促进作用。研究结果为提高垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理效率提供了一个可供参考的方法。 相似文献
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浦东新区垃圾堆放的环境地质特征及场地适宜性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文简述了浦东新区一般的地质条件，讨论了该包气带土层对垃圾污染质的自然净化能力，垃圾污染质在地下土层中的迁移规律和表层粘性土中孔隙水渗流的临界水力梯度在垃圾处置中的作用。最后，在综合考虑地质环境各方面因素的前题下，对本区３０个典型垃圾场进行了适宜性评价。 相似文献
9.
垃圾土一维压缩修正公式及有机物降解验证试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对垃圾填埋场沉降计算问题,考虑垃圾土中有机物降解及对降解过程中重度变化,在张振营压缩量计算方法的基础上推导了垃圾土一维压缩计算的修正公式;通过垃圾土有机物降解试验和计算分析,研究了有机物的降解规律;以相同配比的垃圾土进行了垃圾土柱的沉降和计算参数试验,对推导的垃圾土一维压缩计算修正公式进行了验证。研究表明,修正的计算公式能考虑更多的影响因素,有机物的降解规律可以用Richards生物生长规律来模拟,修正的计算公式能够合理地计算出垃圾土沉降的过程。 相似文献
10.
垃圾填埋场中渗滤液的作用可能对压实黏土衬垫及地基土的力学性质产生一定的影响,但目前研究成果存在矛盾之处。以CaCl2溶液和苯酚溶液作为渗滤液中无机和有机污染物的代表,对添加10%钠基膨润土的压实黏土进行力学性质的试验研究。结果表明,（1）两种模拟渗滤液的作用使土的压缩性增强,抗剪强度降低。（2）苯酚对压实黏土力学性质的影响更为显著,不排水强度约为自来水和0.05molL-1CaCl2溶液的55%。（3）土样初始孔隙比相同时,溶液作用下扩散双电层变薄造成孔隙变大,可能是产生这种现象的主要原因。（4）模拟渗滤液的作用对压实黏土衬垫及地基土具有不利的影响。 相似文献
11.
Performance-based design of landfill liners 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Factors affecting chemical transport in geomembrane, clay and composite liners are reviewed, and a simplified performance-based method for evaluating landfill bottom liners is presented. For single geomembrane liners, mass transport of inorganic chemicals is calculated from the leakage rate from holes for an assumed frequency of hole occurrence. Transport of organic chemicals is obtained by accounting for molecular diffusion through the intact geomembrane. Migration of inorganic and organic chemicals in compacted clay liners is calculated using a solution of the 1D advection–dispersion-reaction equation. For composite liners consisting of a geomembrane and a clay liner, 3D flow and transport of inorganic chemicals is approximated using an equivalent 1D model for transport through an effective area of transport. The approximation is based on results from 3D analyses that have been conducted for a variety of cases. Migration of organic chemicals through composite liners is calculated using a 1D diffusion model. Applicability of the method is illustrated by using it to evaluate the relative performance of several different liner systems. 相似文献
12.
Testing the ability of bentonite-amended natural zeolite (clinoptinolite) to remove heavy metals from liquid waste 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The design of environmentally sound liquid waste containment structures has become a crucial task in engineering applications
due to ever increasing groundwater contamination from such sites. Construction of such structures usually requires a bottom
liner of low hydraulic conductivity as part of the design. In order to reduce the hazards associated with liquid wastes including
landfill leachate, bentonite-amended natural zeolite is proposed as an alternative to conventional earthen liners. Among many
contaminants associated with liquid wastes, heavy metals are the most dangerous ones. This paper deals with determining the
ability of natural zeolite to remove heavy metals from aqueous waste. For this purpose, crushed natural zeolite (clinoptinolite)
is amended with commercial powdered bentonite to yield a soil mixture low in permeability and high in ion-exchange capacity.
Leachate from a conventional landfill is used as the percolation fluid. Concentrations of certain heavy metals in the effluent
fluid percolated through the bentonite-zeolite mixture are compared with that of initial leachate. The conclusion is reached
that certain metals are efficiently removed from the influent solution by the soil matrix whereas some ions do not show significant
reduction in concentration. This is attributed to high hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite-zeolite mixture. 相似文献
13.
E. M. Frempong 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(3):255-260
An engineering geological investigation has been undertaken of a proposed landfill site in coastal southwestern Ghana which
is characterized by torrential rains, high relative humidity, shallow groundwater conditions and almost surrounded by a ridge.
The study shows that the site has some desirable characteristics such as availability of suitable soils for the construction
of the capping and bottom liners of the landfill, a large tract of land for landfilling operation and its location close to
a major highway. However, the groundwater table was shallow and there was a high potential for leachate intrusion into and
consequent contamination of nearby groundwater abstraction wells and surface potable water sources thereby constituting serious
threat to life. Construction costs could be prohibitive as extensive dewatering and backfilling of vast portions of the project
site would be required to enable the provision of a separation between the shallow water table and the bottom of the landfill.
Received: 20 January 1998 · Accepted: 26 May 1998 相似文献
14.
Over the last decade, waste disposal has become a particularly sensitive issue in Algeria. New legislation concerning landfill
liner design has been adopted. Traditional methods of landfill liner characterization involve soil sampling and chemical analysis,
which are costly, destructive and time-consuming. New techniques are currently being investigated that aim to provide nondestructive
liner characterisation. This paper details technical aspects associated with electrical conductivity measurements within landfill
liners and presents experimental work to show the direct application of electrical techniques to track ionic movement through
a sand bentonite liner under chemically induced flow. Samples of sand bentonite were mixed and compacted with NaCl electrolytes
at different concentrations. The electrical conductivities of compacted specimens were measured with a two-electrode cell.
The effects of frequency and electrolyte concentration on the conductivity measurement were explored. The relationship between
the soil electrical conductivity and the NaCl electrolyte concentration in interstitial pore fluid was determined. The conductivity
measurements were used to quantify the pore fluid concentration and effective diffusion coefficient of sand bentonite liners.
It is concluded here that the electrical conductivity of compacted specimens depends mainly on the salt concentration in the
pore fluid, and that this approach could therefore be used to track ionic movement through liners during diffusion. 相似文献
15.
近年来土工织物膨润土垫（GCL）被越来越多地应用到各种防渗工程之中,而水化后GCL中膨润土的微观结构会对GCL的长期防渗性能和力学性能产生影响。采用压汞试验,对水化后GCL中膨润土的微观结构进行定量分析,研究了液体对微观结构的影响,并通过化学分析来揭示液体产生影响的机制。结果表明,(1) 采用垃圾渗滤液水化后的膨润土孔隙体积密度最大,大孔径孔隙所占比例最高;(2) 出现上述规律的原因可以归结为两个方面,一是由于渗滤液中阳离子浓度最高而使得蒙脱石表面双电层厚度最小,二是更加频繁的离子交换作用使得蒙脱石表面大直径离子比例最高。 相似文献
16.
Industrial waste landfills produce great impacts on soil and groundwater. There are many industrial waste landfills in Vale dos Sinos, Southern Brazil, which were inadequately planned and maintained since the industry started in the first half of the twentieth century. The largest industrial landfill in the Valley, which causes the most severe impacts on soil and groundwater, is the subject of this paper, which studies the environmental impacts and behavior of contaminants in soil. The landfill was carefully mapped on a scale of 1:1,000; 88 samples were collected from soil probes; the leachate of three samples was comprehensively analyzed; and soils mineralogy and chemistry were studied. Few studies have been made on this landfill. This study shows widespread contamination of soil in the surrounding areas of the landfill. Chromium, chloride and ammonium have the highest contamination levels, reflecting their high contents in landfill leachate. Contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons, cyanide and mercury is registered in more than 65% of soil samples with low concentrations. Lead, copper and barium show low contamination restricted to a few soil samples. Soil contamination occurs mainly in the unsaturated zone of the aquifer at the convergence points of stormwater, showing that the preferential transport of contaminants occurs on surface flow followed by soil infiltration. The results of leaching tests indicate high metal sorption capacity of soil. The remediation of contaminated soil must contain at least the following actions: sealing the top of the landfill, installation of geochemical barriers, removal of the liquid waste basins without sealing the base and collection and treatment of the rainwater drainage. 相似文献
17.
Rodrigo Augusto Bellezoni Cristiano Kenji Iwai Vagner Roberto Elis Wanderley da Silva Paganini Jorge Hamada 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2429-2439
In Brazil, the large quantities of solid waste produced are out of step with public policies, technological developments, and government budgets for the division. In small municipalities, the common lack of technological knowledge and financial conditions for suitable waste disposal has resulted in a large number of illegal dumps. Therefore, small sanitary landfill facilities are working with simplified operations focusing on cost reduction and meeting the economic and technological standards of the city without endangering the environment or public health. Currently, this activity is regulated at a federal level although there is some uncertainty regarding the risk of soil and aquifer contamination as theses facilities do not employ liners. Thus, this work evaluates a small landfill to identify changes in soil and groundwater using geotechnical parameters, monitoring wells, and geophysical tests performed by electrical profiling. It is verified that based on current conditions, no contaminants have migrated via underground water aquifers, and overall no significant changes have occurred in the soil. It is concluded that, despite its simplicity, the method investigated is a viable alternative for the final disposal of municipal solid waste from small cities, especially in developing countries. 相似文献
18.
压实宽级配砾质土干-湿循环效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索在干-湿循环条件下,宽级配砾质土作为垃圾填埋场复合防渗系统中土工织物黏土垫和土工膜（GCLs/GM）防渗衬垫的保护层时其水力特性的变化规律,采用压力膜仪测试了土样干-湿循环作用下的土-水特征曲线参数,并借助van Genuchte方程和Fredlund 3参数方程拟合了0～3次干-湿循环的压实宽级配砾质土样的4条脱湿土-水特征曲线。结果显示：随着干-湿循环次数的增加,试样的土-水特征曲线在0～100 kPa的低吸力区间内逐渐变陡,含水率随吸力增加而逐渐减小,在位于400 kPa附近趋于平缓;干-湿循环过程中,试样的饱和含水率存在峰值,而残余含水率逐渐降低并趋于稳定;两种模型拟合的宽级配砾质土土-水特征曲线的差异不大,van Genuchte模型略优于Fredlund 3参数模型。在此基础上,将试验结果与已有文献中干-湿循环条件下的黏性土以及膨润土的土-水特征曲线进行了比较,表明作为防渗垫保护层的宽级配砾质土更有利于GCLs的吸湿与水化。 相似文献
19.
Modelling of contaminant transport through landfill liners and natural soil deposits is an important area of research activity in geoenvironmental engineering. Conventional mesh‐based numerical methods depend on mesh/grid size and element connectivity and possess some difficulties when dealing with advection‐dominant transport problems. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to provide a simple but sufficiently accurate methodology for numerical simulation of the two‐dimensional contaminant transport through the saturated homogeneous porous media and landfill liners using element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM). In the EFGM, an approximate solution is constructed entirely in terms of a set of nodes and no characterization of the interrelationship of the nodes is needed. The EFGM employs moving least‐square approximants to approximate the function and uses the Lagrange multiplier method for imposing essential boundary conditions. The results of the EFGM are validated using experimental results. Analytical and finite element solutions are also used to compare the results of the EFGM. In order to test the practical applicability and performance of the EFGM, three case studies of contaminant transport through the landfill liners are presented. A good agreement is obtained between the results of the EFGM and the field investigation data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Preventing the penetration of rainwater into a landfill site is the main purpose of the final cover in landfill sites. Conventional designs of landfill covers use geotextiles, such as geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liners, and clay liners to lower the permeability of the final cover of landfill sites. However, differential settlement and climatic effects in landfill sites instigate crack development or structural damage inside the final cover. This study therefore investigates the field applicability of a self-recovering sustainable liner (SRSL) as an alternative to the landfill final cover. The SRSL utilizes the precipitation reaction of two chemical materials to form precipitates that fill the pores and thereby lower the overall permeability of the liner. To examine the field applicability of the SRSL system, uniaxial compression tests and laboratory hydraulic conductivity tests were performed under various climatic effects such as wet/dry and freeze/thaw processes. Furthermore, field-scale hydraulic conductivity tests were performed with intentionally induced cracks to demonstrate the self-recovery performance for practical applications. Extensive laboratory and field test results confirmed the capability of the SRSL final cover system to fulfill the strength and hydraulic conductivity requirements, even in harsh field conditions. 相似文献