共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
本文基于凤凰山铜矿田药园山矿床采矿废石的淋溶实验研究,着重探索表生环境下影响重金属淋滤迁移的因素,分析重金属在采矿废石中迁移转化的机制。动态淋滤实验考查了重金属从两种采矿废石中淋出的浓度与淋溶液的pH值、淋滤时间以及淋出液酸度的关系。结果表明,采矿废石中重金属淋滤强度随酸度的增加而逐渐增强,而淋滤出的重金属浓度并不总是随时间的延长而递减,同时实验研究也表明,淋溶采矿废石的排放水不一定都是酸性的。因此,在评价矿山环境污染以及治理过程中要对当地雨水的平均pH值、所排放采矿废石的岩性以及废石的堆放时间进行综合考虑。 相似文献
2.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>伴随矿产资源的开发与利用所引发的环境问题日益受到了广大学者的关注。目前,矿山环境研究从污染源如废石、尾矿、酸性排水至元素迁移介质如土壤、地表水、大气等均有涉及。此外,相关污染模拟实验及评价模型的建立也为矿山环境的修复及治理提供了切实可靠的方法。矿区内的尾矿坝及露天堆放的废石堆、矿石堆是矿区周围及其下游环境中重金属元素的主要来源,天然雨水淋溶浸泡作用对重金属元素的释放迁移具有一定的促进作用,因此许多国内外学者致力于尾矿、废石、矿石的模拟淋滤实验研究,包括 相似文献
3.
采矿活动影响较小的范围，但对环境会有大的局部影响，采矿场金属主要以酸性矿山排水、废石堆和尾矿堆积的侵蚀等形式释放。对预测酸性矿山排水释放金属的有效方法进行了简单回顾。 相似文献
4.
矿山开发过程产生的废石、废渣、矿坑排水及冶炼尾矿和炉渣等都或多或少地含有重金属.在长期的风化淋滤作用过程中某些重金属元素就迁移释放出来,从而污染周围的土壤和水体.重金属在地表环境中不能被微生物降解,具有累积效应.生物体通过食物链富集重金属,并把重金属转化成毒性更强的化合物;重金属就因这种隐蔽性、长期性和不可逆性而影响人类健康. 相似文献
5.
矿山尾矿矿物学研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
矿山尾矿由于产生大量酸性排水和释放重金属，污染地下水和地表水，破坏生态环境而成为人们关注的焦点。尾矿引起的环境问题是地表条件下，水一气一矿物复杂反应的综合结果。近年来尾矿矿物学的研究已经揭示出尾矿中矿物分解和形成的规律，水一气一矿物反应的机制和影响因素，酸性排水和重金属迁移规律，为尾矿环境危险性评价和尾矿污染防治提供了基础资料和新的思路。 相似文献
6.
7.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>近年来,矿山开采带来的环境污染问题日益严重,矿区内的尾矿坝及露天堆放的废石堆、矿石堆是矿区周围及其下游环境中重金属元素的主要来源,天然雨水淋溶浸泡作用对重金属元素的释放迁移具有一定的促进作用[1],因此,对尾矿、废石、矿石的模拟淋滤实验能够揭示污染源中矿物的分解转化规律、水-岩氧化还原反应机理、重金属元素在水-岩中的迁移转化规律以及影响因素等,从而能够为矿山环境污染 相似文献
8.
9.
本文描述了Ｐｏｃｏｓ ｄｅ Ｃａｌｄａｓ铀采矿和选矿场释放的放射性核素和金属排入地表水所产生的环境响应的关键分析。由于尾矿坝渗漏水的迁移，也进行了地下水污染的评价。该研究立足于监测数据。结果表明，尾矿废是锰和硫酸盐进入水环境的最主要来源；而酸性矿液和废石排水是＾２２６Ｒａ，＾２３８Ｕ，Ａｌ和Ｆｅ的主要来源。尾矿坝下地下水的研究结果表明仅存在硫酸盐的污染。 相似文献
10.
11.
Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area. 相似文献
12.
Rio Marina mining district (Elba Island) is characterised by hematite + pyrite ore association and was exploited for iron till 1981, leaving waste rock dumps of several millions m3. The effect of open pit mining activity in this site is to produce acid mine drainage (AMD) processes leading to environmental pollution, testified by all the sampled waters (Giove stream, drainage channels, superficial pools and settling basin) which have pH values ranging from 2.08 to 3.35 and heavy metal concentrations that reach 903.16 mg/l for Fe, 45.02 mg/l for Mn, 10.08 mg/l for Zn and 1.75 mg/l for Cu. In the present work a space and time related approach to geochemical hazard evaluation was applied. The geochemical hazard is mainly related to high heavy metal concentration, acid mine drainage processes development and topographic setting. As all these parameters are related in space, hazard evaluation was performed by geostatistical methods. Fifty-four earth material samples (residual soils, waste rocks or debris materials) were collected in a central aligned 100 m mesh square grid. These were analysed for major elements by XRF, for Cu, Pb, Zn by ICP-AES and for AMD potential following the AMIRA procedure. The concentration of heavy metals was compared with Italian law limits. The overlap of Cu, Pb and Zn content maps show that at least one of these heavy metals exceed law limits in all the area. The AMD test results show that more than 50% of samples have a positive NAPP (Net Acid Producing Potential) that could reach 258.9 kg H2SO4/t. According to the obtained data, three main geochemical hazard classes were established and their distribution in the mining area was assessed. About 51% of the mining area surface belongs to the major hazard class, where AMD process occurs, about 49% belongs to an intermediate hazard class, where AMD process could occur only if certain conditions are met. Finally, the persistence of the AMD process in the Rio Marina area was evaluated on the basis of yearly rainfall, mining waters pH and NAPP values. A complete leaching of the first 0.25 m of the earth materials can retain the current environmental conditions for several centuries. 相似文献
13.
铜陵矿区主要河流水质分析与污染评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铜陵矿区是长江下游重要的铜铁资源基地,也是典型的含硫多金属矿区,矿山酸性废水是矿业开发活动不可避免的环境问题,对地表水体有很大影响。本文以铜陵矿区主要河流为研究对象,通过野外调查采样和室内测试分析,从常规理化性质、矿山酸性废水和重金属元素三方面分析了的水质现状,采用单因子指数和内梅罗水质指数法进行了污染评价。结果表明:(1)矿区河流污染成分以有机污染和矿山酸性废水污染为主,其次是重金属污染。(2)在检测的46个河段中, 按综合污染指数大小分级,共计有93.48%的河段受到不同程度的污染,其中,水质严重污染的河段占 4.35%,水质重污染的河段占13.04%,水质污染的河段占 65.22%,水质轻污染的河段占10.87%;共计有6.52%的河段水质较好,均为清洁状态。(3)3条河流按污染程度大小依次为新桥河>顺安河>红星河,除顺安河外,其他均受到了矿山酸性废水污染。今后应重点关注矿山酸性废水的污染机理与风险评估,加强矿区水环境保护与恢复治理工作。 相似文献
14.
In the mining environments of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), the oxidation of sulphide wastes generates acid drainage with high concentrations of SO4, metals and metalloids (Acid Mine Drainage, AMD). These acid and extremely contaminated discharges are drained by the fluvial courses of the Huelva province (SW Spain) which deliver high concentrations of potentially toxic elements into the Gulf of Cádiz. In this work, the oxidation process of mine tailings in the IPB, the generation of AMD and the potential use of coal combustion fly ash as a possible alkaline treatment for neutralization of and metal removal from AMD, was studied in non-saturated column experiments. The laboratory column tests were conducted on a mine residue (71.6 wt% pyrite) with artificial rainfall or irrigation. A non-saturated column filled solely with the pyrite residue leached solutions with an acid pH (approx. 2) and high concentrations of SO4 and metals. These leachates have the same composition as typical AMD, and the oxidation process can be compared with the natural oxidation of mine tailings in the IPB. However, the application of fly ash to the same amount of mine residue in another two non-saturated columns significantly increased the pH and decreased the SO4 and metal concentrations in the leaching solutions. The improvement in the quality of leachates by fly ash addition in the laboratory was so effective that the leachate reached the pre-potability requirements of water for human consumption under EU regulations. The extrapolation of these experiments to the field is a promising solution for the decontamination of the fluvial courses of the IPB, and therefore, the decrease of pollutant loads discharging to the Gulf of Cádiz. 相似文献
15.
Paul Augustinus Charles E. Barton Atun Zawadzki Kate Harle 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(3):625-639
Macquarie Harbour in southwest Tasmania, Australia, has been affected severely by the establishment of mines in nearby Queenstown
in the 1890s. As well as heavy metal-laden acid rock drainage from the Mount Lyell mine area, over 100 Mt of mine tailings
and slag were discharged into the Queen and Ring Rivers, with an estimated 10 Mt of mine tailings building a delta of ca.
2.5 km2 and ca. 10 Mt of fine tailings in the harbour beyond the delta. Coring of sediments throughout Macquarie Harbour indicated
that mine tailings accreted most rapidly close to the King River delta source with a significant reduction in thickness of
tailings and heavy metal contamination with increasing distance from the King River source. Close to the King River delta
the mine tailings are readily discriminated from the background estuarine sediments on the basis of visual logging of the
core (laminations, colour), sediment grain size, sediment magnetic susceptibility and elemental geochemistry, especially concentrations
of the heavy metals Cu, Zn and Pb. The high heavy metal concentrations are demonstrated by the very high contamination factors
(CF > 6) for Cu and Zn, with CF values mostly >50 for Cu for the mine-impacted sediments. Although the addition of mine waste
into the King River catchment has ceased, the catchment continues to be a source of these heavy metals due to acid rock drainage
and remobilisation of mine waste in storage in the river banks, river bed and delta. The addition of heavy metals to the harbour
sourced from the Mount Lyell mines preceded the advent of direct tailings disposal into the Queen River in 1915 with the metals
probably provided by acid rock drainage from the Mount Lyell mining area. 相似文献
16.
Surface water samples from the Drake mining area show elevated metal concentrations, notably cadmium, iron and zinc. A detailed
study of a sphalerite /quartz vein from Strauss Pit and chalcopyrite and pyrite from the Adeline mine and Strauss Pit indicate
that micro-scale analyses of ores are necessary for environmental management of mine sites. Analyses show that Cd is elevated,
up to 2.1 % by weight, and is associated with sphalerite, replacing Zn, or to a lesser extent replacing Pb within small galena
grains. High concentrations of Cu are also associated with the Strauss Pit ore as small chalcopyrite grains along the margins
of the sphalerite vein, within the central quartz zone of the vein system, and as replacement rims on sphalerite grains. Chalcopyrite
from the Adeline mine area, is by comparison, metal poor, but still contains elevated heavy metal concentrations. Whereas,
pyrite and chalcopyrite, from Strauss Pit have variable heavy metal concentrations, with chalcopyrite from within sphalerite
veins having higher Cd and Zn concentrations than chalcopyrite distal to the veins. Cadmium and other heavy metals within
the ores are mobilised during sulphide weathering and enter the drainage network; precipitation of secondary oxidation minerals
act as temporary stores for many heavy metals. The complexity of the mineral and heavy metal associations at Strauss Pit suggest
that a detailed knowledge of these associations and distributions within ore bodies, and associated waste rocks, are needed
by environmental managers of mine sites because the presence of havy metals may greatly affect the decision making process,
and management strategies employed.
Received; 14 July 1999 · Accepted: 17 August 1999 相似文献
17.
F. Doulati Ardejani B. Jodeiri Shokri M. Bagheri E. Soleimani 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(8):1547-1560
Acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution is considered to be the most serious water pollution problem in mining areas. AMD containing
iron sulfates and other components can affect the receiving water bodies. Pyrite oxidation and AMD generation can be considered
as important processes that may take place in the wastes produced by coal mining and coal washing operations in the Golestan
province (northeast Iran). The study area is characterized by appropriate atmospheric conditions that favor pyrite oxidation
and the presence of a large amount of water bodies. This study attempts to consider pyrite oxidation and AMD generation in
the Azad shahr–Ramian region. The impact of AMD on the quality of the surface water bodies was investigated by taking samples
and analyzing them for hydro-geochemical parameters. Stiff and Piper diagrams were used to represent chemical analyses of
water samples. The coal samples taken from different depths at four points on two different coal waste dumps were analyzed
to find the fraction of pyrite that remained in the waste particles to investigate the pyrite oxidation process. A computational
fluid dynamic package called PHOENICS was used to model pyrite oxidation process numerically. The results obtained from the
geochemical analyses of water and coal samples and numerical simulation show pyrite oxidation and acid generation in the region.
However, the presence of carbonate rocks raised the pH of the water samples. The drainages of the Razi mine may be recognized
as natural alkaline mine drainages. 相似文献
18.
Stefania Da Pelo Elodia Musu Rosa Cidu Franco Frau Pierfranco Lattanzi 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,100(2-3):142-152
The Furtei gold mine in Sardinia (Italy) exploits a volcanic-hosted high-sulphidation epithermal deposit. Large amounts of materials derived from exploitation are present in open pits, waste rock dumps and cyanidation tailings impoundment. Mineralized rocks in outcrops and waste dumps contain significant amounts of sulphides (mainly pyrite and enargite). These materials have a high potential for acid drainage generation and release of toxic elements (notably Cu and As, but also Al, Ni, Co and Cd) as pointed out by laboratory leaching tests and in agreement with chemical composition of waters draining the mining area, that show pH as low as 2, up to 180 mg/L Cu, up to 5 mg/L As, and up to 788 mg/L Al. On the other hand, leaching solutions and waters interacting with mineral assemblages of the propylitic alteration zone (mainly composed of chlorite, quartz, and calcite, with relic magmatic plagioclase) show higher pH, and lower metal loads. Leachates from cyanidation tailings show variable pH (between 6.2 and 9.7, depending on sulphide content in tailings); cyanide concentration varies between 110 µg/L and about 3 mg/L, whereas contents of toxic elements in leachates are, with the exception of Hg, within the limits of Italian regulations for non-dangerous industrial wastes. Reclamation plans provide for confinement of tailings within specific repositories. This measure should effectively reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Reclamation plans should also include an adequate management of other high-sulphide wastes. 相似文献