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1.
铂族元素的表生地球化学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基性-超基性岩及黑色页岩等风化过程中铂族元素发生了活化和迁移。铂族元素在岩体附近土壤、植物和水体等表生介质中的迁移富集特征可以用来寻找岩浆型铂族元素矿床。黑色页岩风化过程中，Os的表生迁移对海洋^187Os／^188Os值上升有重要意义。此外，作为重金属元素，机动车铂族元素催化剂在环境中的释放，也会带来潜在的生态环境和人体健康问题。 相似文献
2.
太湖沉积物重金属及营养盐污染研究 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
通过太湖MS沉积岩芯元素地球化学指标的分析,对太湖沉积物污染历史进行了系统的讨论。根据化学元素的聚类分析结果、变化趋势,并与太湖流域经济发展进程对比,认为太湖沉积物铅、锌、锰、镍污染开始于20世纪70年代末期,砷、汞污染分别开始于30年代和40年代,随着底泥重金属污染程度的加重,沉积物表层磁化率明显升高;总磷自40年代以来含量不断增加,总氮、总有机碳含量增加开始于70年代末期,表明湖泊富营养化程度不断加重。太湖沉积物重金属及营养盐污染历史与该区经济发展阶段相吻合。 相似文献
3.
水系沉积物中的重金属元素含量调查是矿区环境受污染程度的重要依据,同时水系沉积物的物源组成也是近年来找矿突破的重要环节之一。通过分析水系沉积物中羟基官能团与重金属游离态阳离子之间的吸附反应,结合地面实测高光谱数据,发现与重金属元素含量相关性较好的波谱波段为500~780 nm与2 100~2 300 nm,建立基于地面实测光谱技术反演水系沉积物中重金属元素含量的回归方程,最后利用反距离权重方法成功提取碾子沟-洛金洼多金属矿区3条冲沟水系沉积物中Cu、Zn等重金属元素含量。结果显示：重金属Cu和Zn模型检验精度（R2）分别为0.618和0.636;研究区内冲沟源头山地林地附近流域沉积物中的重金属含量相对中下游矿区周边农用地较低,同时沉积土壤中的重金属含量随着冲沟流向呈升高趋势。重金属含量较高的中游农用地附近应加以治理,含量异常的中下游区域为今后的找矿方向。 相似文献
4.
对中国西部4条冰川冰尘的粒度、总有机碳含量和10种重金属元素(Sc、V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、As、Pb、Cd和Zn)进行了分析,探讨了冰尘中重金属元素的分布特征和富集情况以及重金属元素与粒径、黏土含量和总有机碳含量之间的相关关系。结果表明,冰尘的粒径范围介于0.69~995.6μm之间,平均粒径大于20μm,总的重金属含量在七一冰川最高,其值为(507.61±22.53)mg/kg,木扎尔特冰川最低,其值为(40.06±12.42)mg/kg。冰尘中各重金属元素含量与粒径呈反相关关系,说明粒径越小,重金属元素含量越高;各重金属元素含量与总有机碳和黏土含量呈正相关关系,但相关性不显著,说明冰尘中含量较低的黏土和总有机碳对重金属元素的吸附能力较弱。富集因子表明,除木扎尔特冰川中Cd的富集系数大于10之外,其他元素的富集系数都在1附近,说明冰尘中的重金属元素主要来自岩石风化物和土壤粉尘。 相似文献
5.
上海崇明岛表层土壤重金属元素分布特征与环境地球化学基线值研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对上海崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明崇明岛表层土壤未受人为污染。运用标准化方法计算了崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线值,建立了元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线模型,确定其环境地球化学基线值分别为0.19、71.97、31.32、24.79、86.43、8.34μg/g。与上海市土壤背景值进行了对比检验,结果显示,标准化方法能有效计算土壤中元素的环境地球化学基线,获得的基线符合其定义和实际意义,为区域经济发展规划和环境评价提供了实用的基础地球化学信息。 相似文献
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为深入了解北部湾海域沉积物污染现状及生态风险,分析了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg 6种重金属元素在北部湾海域表层沉积物中的含量及分布特征,并运用潜在生态危害指数法评价了这些重金属元素对研究区生态系统的潜在危害。结果表明: Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Cd元素含量不高,仅部分站位Hg元素含量高于国家Ⅰ类海洋沉积物标准值; 6种重金属元素在雷州半岛、海南岛西北部以及海南岛南部分布趋势相似,高值区均出现在东方市附近。主成分分析结果表明,重金属来源主要有3个途径,分别是工业及生活排污、农业(农药、化肥等)残留和有机物降解,前3个主成分贡献率分别为47.13%、18.44%和18.35%。单项重金属元素潜在生态风险等级评价结果显示,研究区重金属元素潜在生态风险强弱次序为Hg＞Cd＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn,As、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd重金属元素潜在生态风险等级为轻微,而Hg潜在生态风险等级达到了强级。多项重金属元素潜在生态危害评价综合分析结果显示,北部湾海域生态风险等级为中等,部分区域生态风险等级达到了强级,特别是昌化江入海口附近地质环境较差,相关部门应予以足够重视。 相似文献
9.
洪泽湖流域沉积物重金属元素的环境记录分析* 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
以淮河中下游洪泽湖湖底沉积物为研究载体,将放射性核素计年与沉积物重金属元素含量变化分析相结合,初步探讨了近百年来洪泽湖湖底重金属元素变化特征及人类活动对湖泊环境的影响。结果表明: 20世纪50年代初以前,洪泽湖沉积物中重金属元素主要为自然沉积,元素含量具有一致的变化趋势; \{1950~\}1978年,特别是1952年后各元素含量开始小幅度上升, Pb,Zn,As等元素均出现较为明显的累积峰值。原因在于1953年洪泽湖下游三河闸水利工程的修建,使部分重金属重新溶出吸附,导致沉积物中重金属元素含量发生波动,另一方面也反映出当时洪泽湖已经受到流域重金属的污染; \{1979~\}1989年间, Hg元素含量开始逐渐增加上升,系自然来源、人类污染及生物累积效应的影响; \{1990~\}2001年,大规模城乡开发活动对环境污染影响加剧,所有重金属元素均呈现逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在表层达到最高值,此阶段Hg和Cd的上升幅度较大,Hg元素平均含量为0.21ppm,Cd元素平均含量2.36ppm,超过土壤环境质量重金属评价三级标准。洪泽湖水体中Hg元素含量的上升,Cd元素含量的严重超标及其引起的生态效应问题应引起高度重视。 相似文献
10.
滇西沘江流域水体中重金属元素的地球化学特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过测定流经兰坪金顸铅锌矿区的沘江水体中Pb、Zn、Cd、As的含量和底泥中重金属元素的化学形态的含量,分析了重金属元素的分布和化学形态的变化。结果表明,沘江水遭到了Cd污染,底泥已经成为重金属元素的蓄积库,以国家土壤环境质量标准（Ⅲ级）衡量,Pb、Zn、Cd和舡分别超标3．4倍、15．8倍、106倍和2．6倍。沘江水中重金属元素含量的峰值在矿山附近的下游,而底泥中重金属元素的峰值在矿山下游30-50km的地方,矿业活动、水流变缓、pH等水体环境条件的变化都能影响水和底泥中重金属元素的含量。底泥中的Pb以碳酸盐结合态为主,Zn和Cd以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,而As以残渣态为主。Pb、Cd、Zn三种元素的环境有效态含量比较高,对沘江流域生态环境具有潜在的巨大的危害。 相似文献
11.
研究测定了百朗地下河大石围天坑段沉积柱芯中金属元素和沉积有机质(SOM)浓度,结合210Pb定年和历史事件记载,恢复了1932-2007年间百朗地下河流域的污染历史。研究结果表明,地下河沉积柱中主要有毒重金属Cd、Hg分别超过广西土壤背景值3.4和0.6倍,超过中国土壤背景值11.2和2.7倍;1932年至2007年间;总体上沉积柱中各重金属元素的垂直分布趋势相似,呈现不同程度的上升趋势;并推演了历史上农民运动、抗日战争、大跃进、改革开放初期和经济快速发展期等事件是造成百朗地下河流域金属元素变化的主要原因;尤其是沉积柱中钙与镁的垂直变化显示了1983年以来流域岩溶石山地区进入一个新的建设高潮。相关性分析和聚类分析表明,Cr、Pb主要来源于自然环境;Fe、Cu、Ni、Zn、As、MgO来源为自然和人为混合源;Cd、Hg、Mn、CaO和SOM主要来源于人为污染源;与多环芳烃相关性分析显示Zn、Cd和As部分来源为人为的燃煤污染。因此沉积柱较好地记录了百朗地下河流域重金属污染历史。 相似文献
12.
Mayla A. Ramos-Vázquez John S. Armstrong-Altrin Leticia Rosales-Hoz María L. Machain-Castillo Arturo Carranza-Edwards 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):148
Coastal margins, especially the river-influenced coastal areas, are considered as active interfaces between the continental and oceanic environments, which have huge dispersal of detrital materials and heavy metal input. It is well determined that the fine-grained sediments are important reservoir for the accumulation of heavy metals. In this study, we analyzed the radiocarbon age, texture, organic matter, carbonate content, and geochemical compositions of two sediment cores (GM42 and GM44) retrieved in front of the Coatzacoalcos River mouth basin, southwestern Gulf of Mexico (～864 and 845 m water depth, respectively). Our objective was to infer the sedimentation rate, intensity of weathering, provenance, and influence of anthropogenic activities on heavy metal contamination in sediments. The radiocarbon-age measurements of mixed planktonic foraminifera for core GM44 reveals an age of 21,289 ± 136 cal. years B.P., which fall within the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21000 ± 2000 years B.P). The calculated sedimentation rate for core GM42 (~0.013 cm/year) is lower than in core GM44 (0.022 cm/year), which is probably due to the variations in detrital sediment input and/or seafloor topography. The weathering indices such as chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) suggested that the source area experienced low to moderate intensity of chemical weathering under warm to humid climatic conditions. The SiO2/Al2O3, Al2O3/Na2O, and K2O/Al2O3 ratio values indicated moderate to high compositional maturity. The major and trace element concentrations suggested that the sediments were likely derived from intermediate source rocks. The heavy metal contents indicated that the sediments were not contaminated by the industrial waste disposals supplied by the Coatzacoalcos River. The redox proxy sensitive elements such as V, Cr, Cu, and Zn indicated an oxic depositional environment for the deep-sea sediment cores. The application of discrimination diagrams for the geochemistry data revealed a passive margin setting for the sediment cores. The compositional variations observed at the upper sections (<30 cm) between the two sediment cores revealed that the type of detrital sediments supplied by the Coatzacoalcos River to the deep sea area is not uniform, which is also revealed by the variation in sedimentation rate. 相似文献
13.
Geochemical and statistical approach for evaluation of heavy metal pollution in core sediments in southeast coast of India 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
B. R. R. Seshan M.Phil. U. Natesan Ph.D. K. Deepthi M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(2):291-306
Industrialization coupled with urbanizaton has led to stress in the Buckingham Canal which runs parallel to Bay of Bengal at a distance of around 1 km from the coastline. 4 sediment cores were collected along Ennore — Pulicat stretch to determine acid leachable trace metal concentration. Core samples were collected using gravity corer. The cores were sliced horizontally at 2.5 cm to determine the grain size, sediment composition, pH, organic matter, calcium carbonate, acid leachable trace metals; cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc. The trace metals were extracted using acid mixture containing hydro fluoric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid and analysed by atomic emission spectrophotometer. In an attempt to infer anthropogenic input from geogenic input, several approaches including comparison with sediment quality guidelines — ecotoxicological sense of heavy metal contamination and classification by quantitative indexes such as geoaccumalation index, anthropogenic factor, enrichment factor, contamination factor and degree and pollution load index was attempted. Grain size analysis and sediment composition of core samples shows Ennore is sandy in nature having a neutral pH. Organic matter enrichment is observed to a higher extent in core 3. Core 2 at a depth of 5 cm shows organic matter of 9.4 %. calcium carbonate is totally absent at the surface sediments in core 2. Cores collected within the canal showed a higher heavy metal concentration than the cores collected from Pulicat lagoon and 2 km into the Ennore Sea. The trace metal concentration for cadmium, lead and zinc in Ennore does not pose a threat to the sediment dwelling fauna whereas chromium and copper are likely to pose a threat. Quantitative indexes place Ennore under moderately polluted. Ennore is likely to face a serious threat of metal pollution with the present deposition rates unless stringent pollution control norms are adopted. 相似文献
14.
浅议学科交叉与地球系统科学 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着工业化进程的发展 ,重金属污染已给人类生活带来越来越大的危害。文中基于大连湾水下 11m深 6 1cm沉积柱状样品的地球化学元素测定 ,探讨大连湾近 10 0年来Cd ,Hg,Pb ,As ,Zn ,Cu重金属含量的逐年变化。分析底栖有孔虫多样性的时间分布 ,探讨底栖微体生物对环境污染的效应。分析结果表明 ,上述 6个重金属元素的污染度在近百年间 ,经历了从无污染或轻微污染到中度污染到重度污染的过程。至 1999年 11月 ,污染度增加的幅度分别为Cd 85 .5倍 ,Hg 6倍 ,Pb 7.5 4倍 ,As 3.82倍 ,Zn 7.82倍 ,Cu 3.4 6倍。有孔虫物种数量的年代分布 ,表现出与环境污染度变化的一致性。有孔虫的物种数在 195 0年达到高峰 (2 6个种 ) ,以后物种数和个体数不断减少 ,直至 1997年有孔虫消失。文章讨论了重金属污染对生命健康的影响 ,重金属污染已威胁到人群身体健康 ,应给予密切关注 相似文献
15.
P. S. Harikumar Ph.D. U. P. Nasir M.Sc. M.Phil. in Chemistry M. P. Mujeebu Rahman M.Sc. in Chemistry 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(2):225-232
Five sediment cores from the fresh water region of the Vembanad wetland system were studied for the trace element contents The average concentration of iron, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium were determined. The core samples were collected using gravity type corer, digested with a mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metals such as iron, copper, nickel and zinc reported enrichment towards the surface of the core sediment sample collected from the centre of the lake. Lead, cadmium and mercury showed uniform distribution through out the core. Quality of the sediments were evaluated based on sediment quality guidelines, pollution load index, sum of toxic units and with effect range low/effect range median and threshold effect level/probable effect level values of Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. The degree of contamination for each station was determined. The concentration of different heavy metals has been compared with the world average concentration of shale values. Results of the analysis showed that Vembanad lake is facing serious metal pollution with increased rate of deposition. 相似文献
16.
Heavy metals on tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Five short cores were used to examine heavy metals on tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Statistically insignificant
trends in lead-210 and most metals with core depth are primarily due to high sedimentation rates. Metal contents are correlated
with percent aluminum, which reflects the clay contents in the sediment, and they are also affected by proximity to sewage
outlets and local industry. National standards for copper are exceeded in four cores, zinc in one core, and arsenic in all
cores. Heavy metal contents are generally lower on the Yangtze tidal flats compared to most other estuaries because high sediment
loads dilute metal inputs.
Received: 1 June 1999 · Accepted: 15 August 2000 相似文献
17.
Recent sediment cores of the western Baltic Sea were analyzed for heavy metal and carbon isotope contents. The sedimentation rate was determined from radiocarbon dates to be 1.4 mm/yr. The ‘recent age’ of the sediment was about 850 yr. Within the upper 20 cm of sediment, certain heavy metals became increasingly enriched towards the surface; Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu increased 7-, 4-, 3- and 2-fold, respectively, whereas Fe, Mn, Ni and Co remained unchanged. Simultaneously, the radiocarbon content decreased by about 14 per cent. The enrichment in heavy metals as well as the decrease in the 14C-concentration during the last 130 ± 30yr parallels industrial growth as reflected in European fossil fuel consumption within that same period of time. The near-surface sediments are affected by residues released from fossil fuels at the rate of about 30 g/m2 yr for the past two decades. The residues have a pronounced effect on the heavy metal and carbon isotope composition of the most Recent sediments allowing estimates to be made for sedimentation, erosion and heavy metal pollution. 相似文献
18.
Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Soil and Stream Sediment in Panzhihua Mining and Smelting Area,Southwestern China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, Water body and stream sediment. An environmental geochemical investiga-tion was carried out in and around the Panzhihua mining and smelting area to determine the ex-tent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to in-vestigate the environmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil andsediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal con-centrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly contaminated. Geo-chemical maps of Igeo of each heavy metal show that the contaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of the selected elementscome mainly from dusts resultant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The areaneeds to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment. 相似文献
19.
在放射性核素137Cs和210Pb精确计年的基础上,建立了长江中游网湖近代沉积物年代序列。通过对沉积物中金属元素含量和粒度的测定,结合相关的文献资料,分析了100多年来网湖沉积物中重金属元素的垂直分布特征、物源变化,以及自然因素和人类活动对其的影响,最后采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行了重金属污染评价。研究结果表明： 20世纪50年代以前,人类活动对重金属元素沉积影响不大,重金属元素含量低于或接近参考的背景值,主要表现为自然沉积。其中1920～1950年间,流域高频率的洪灾使网湖沉积物中粘土物质减少,战乱和血吸虫病造成阳新县工农业生产衰退,人口急剧下降,受此影响沉积物中重金属含量出现了一段低谷。50年代以后,随着人口的增长、经济的速猛发展,尤其是矿产开发和大规模的水利工程建设,流域水土流失加重,大量陆源物质进入湖泊,使Cu,Ti,Mn,Zn,Co,Fe和Pb含量增加。重金属污染评价结果表明： 100多年来网湖总体上污染较轻,主要污染元素为Pb; Cu和Zn在60年代后出现轻度污染; Mn在沉积物表层出现轻度污染。目前,网湖RI=40.83,生态风险较小,但作为水生生物的养殖基地,中国重要的湿地保护区,其重金属污染问题应引起有关方面的关注,以防患于未然。 相似文献